1. Leung AKC, Wong AHC, Leung AAM, Hon KL. Urinary tract infection in children. Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov. 2019;13(1):2-18. [DOI:10.2174/1872213X13666181228154940]

2. Etefia EU, Ben SA. Virulence markers, phylogenetic evolution, and molecular techniques of uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Journal of Nature and Science of Medicine. 2020; 3(1):13-22. [DOI:10.4103/JNSM.JNSM_31_19]

3. Bravata Alcantara JC, Bello Lopez JM, Cortes Ortiz IA, Mendez Velazquez JJ, et al. Distribution of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes in phylogenetic groups of Escherichia coli strains isolated from Mexican patients with urinary infection. Jundishapur J Microbiol. 2019;12(3):e83711. [DOI:10.5812/jjm.83711]

4. Landraud L, Gauthier M, Fosse T, Boquet P. Frequency of Escherichia coli strains producing the cytotoxic necrotizing factor (CNF1) in nosocomial urinary tract infections. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2010;30(3):213-6. [DOI:10.1046/j.1472-765x.2000.00698.x]

5. Miyazaki J, Ba-Thein W, Kumao T, Obata Yasuoka M, Akaza H, Hayshi H. Type 1, P and S fimbriae, and afimbrialadhesin I are not essential for uropathogenic Escherichia coli to adhere to and invade bladder epithelial cells. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2012; 33(1):23-6. [DOI:10.1111/j.1574-695X.2002.tb00567.x]

6. Lichtenberger P, Hooton TM. Complicated urinary tract infections. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2008;10:499-504. [DOI:10.1007/s11908-008-0081-0]

7. Peerayeh S, Navidinia M, Fallah F, Bakhshi B, Jamali J. Pathogenicity determinants and epidemiology of uropathogenic E. coli UPEC strains isolated from children with urinary tract infection (UTI) to define distinct pathotypes. Biomedical Research. 2018;29(10):2035-43. [DOI:10.4066/biomedicalresearch.29-17-1591]

8. Tarr PI, Bilge SS, Vary JC, Jelacic S, Habeeb RL, Ward TR, et al. Iha: a novel Escherichia coli O157:H7 adherenceconferring molecule encoded on a recently acquired chromosomal island of conserved structure. Infect Immun. 2010; 68(3):1400-7. [DOI:10.1128/IAI.68.3.1400-1407.2000]

9. Neamati F, Firoozeh F, Saffari M, Zibaei M. Virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance pattern in uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from hospitalized patients in Kashan, Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol. 2015;8(2):e17514. [DOI:10.5812/jjm.17514]

10. Blahna MT, Zalewski CA, Reuer J, Kahlmeter G, Fox- man B, Marrs CF. The role of horizontal gene transfer in the spread of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance among uropathogenic Escherichia coli in Europe and Canada. J Antimicrob Chemother 2006;57:666- 72. [DOI:10.1093/jac/dkl020]

11. Bakhtiari S, Mahmoudi H, Seftjani SK, Amirzargar MA, Ghiasvand S, Ghaffari ME, et al. Antibiotic resistance pattern and phylogenetic groups of the uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates from urinary tract infections in Hamedan, west of Iran. Iran J Microbiol. 2020;12(5):388-394. [DOI:10.18502/ijm.v12i5.4598]

12. Terlizzi ME, Gribaudo G, Maffei ME. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) infections: virulence factors, bladder responses, antibiotic, and non-antibiotic antimicrobial strategies. Front Microbiol. 2017;8:1566. [DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2017.01566]

13. Korbel L, Howell M, Spencer JD. The clinical diagnosis and management of urinary tract infections in children and adolescents. Paediatr Int Child Health. 2017;37(4):273-9. [DOI:10.1080/20469047.2017.1382046]

14. Firoozeh F, Saffari M, Neamati F, Zibaei M. Detection of virulence genes in Escherichia coli isolated from patients with cystitis and pyelonephritis. Int J Infect Dis. 2014; 29:219-22. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.1393]

15. Schlager TA. Urinary tract infections in infants and children. Microbiol Spectr. 2016;4(5). [DOI:10.1128/microbiolspec.UTI-0022-2016]

16. Mashayekhi F, Moghny M, Faramarzpoor M, Yahaghi E, Khodaverdi Darian E, Tarhriz V, et al. Molecular characterization and antimicrobial resistance of uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Iran J Biotech. 2014;12(2):e16833. [DOI:10.5812/ijb.16833]

17. Larcombe J. Urinary tract infection in children. Am Fam Physician. 2010;82(10):1252-6.

18. Amanullah F, Malik AA, Zaidi Z. Chronic kidney disease causes and outcomes in children: Perspective from a LMIC setting. PLoS One. 2022;17(6):e0269632. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0269632]

19. Becherucci F, Roperto RM, Materassi M, Romagnani P. Chronic kidney disease in children. Clin Kidney J. 2016;9(4):583-91. [DOI:10.1093/ckj/sfw047]