Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 13 1 2024 2 1 Investigation of Enteropathogenic Bacteria (Salmonella, Shigella ,Escherichia coli) among labour children of Karaj city in the year 2019-2020 1 8 FA Roya Torabizadeh School of Medicine, Alborz university of Medical sciences, Karaj, Iran Amir Bairami Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Alborz university of Medical sciences, Karaj, Iran Shiva Hatami Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz university of Medical sciences, Karaj, Iran Zhila sharifipour School of Medicine, Alborz university of Medical sciences, Karaj, Iran Introduction:  Labour child is defined as a child  who is employed between the ages  of 5-17 years and is deprived of the education , training and physical activities necessary for growth that other children benefit from them. Currently, the number of these children is decreasing in developed countries, but it has been increasing in developing countries such as Iran. Due to the unfavorable living conditions these children are prone to contracting various infectious diseases. Such as Bacterial or Parasitic intestinal infections . the purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of intestinal bacterial in labour children of( Karaj city,Iran) in order to diagnose and treatment them. Methods: 200 labour or working children were included in the study ,stool samples were collected from them, and intestinal pathogens were examined by direct culture and direct smear method. Results: In 35 samples, E.coli prevailed, in 27 samples klebsiella prevailed and  in 10 samples salmonella prevailed, also by using E.coli antisera it was determine that the number of EPEC serovar was 15 including : E.coli polygroupI(O26,O55,O111) 7cases،E.coli polygroupII(O86,O127) 3cases،E.coli polygroupIII (O125,O126 ,O128) 3 cases ,E.coli polygroup IV(O20 ,O114) 2 cases  and STEC( O157H7) 4 cases. Discussion and conclusion: Living on the street can expose working children to many social harms and various diseases, according to the presence of pathogenic bacteria in the samples found from working children.

Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 13 1 2024 2 1 Comparison of the PD-1 expression level in peripheral blood of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica patients 9 16 FA Tayebe Aghaie Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Melika Gorgani Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Morteza Motallebnezhad Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mir Hadi Jazayeri Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) is one of the important co-inhibitory receptors in maintaining tolerance and inhibiting the proliferation and activity of activated immune cells. PD-1: PD-L pathway enhances regulatory T cells proliferation and inhibition of autoreactive T cells and regulates central and peripheral tolerance. This pathway has affected various aspects of the immune system and is of particular importance in a variety of diseases, such as autoimmune diseases. Multiple sclerosis (MS) and Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) are neurological disorders characterized by inflammation, demyelination by the immune system, and axonal and neuronal damage in the CNS. The clinical manifestations of NMO are very similar to MS and lead to a misdiagnosis. Therefore, the existence of specific diagnostic markers is of particular importance for correct diagnosis. Here, we examined the expression of the PD-1 gene in 40 MS patients, 20 NMO patients, and 15 healthy individuals. Thus, after RNA extraction from human blood and cDNA synthesis, gene expression of PD-1 was investigated using quantitative real-time PCR technique. The results show that the PD-1 mRNA expression in the peripheral blood of the MS group was significantly increased in comparison to that of the NMO group and healthy group (p= 0.0008, p= 0.0024, respectively). However, there was no significant difference in PD-1 mRNA expression between the NMO group and the healthy group.

Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 13 1 2024 2 1 Effect of Spreader Taper on Root Fracture Resistance in Canals Obturated with Gutta-Percha/AH26 By Lateral Condensation Technique 17 25 FA Somayeh Dehghan Banadkooki Assistant Professor, Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Zakiyeh Donyavi Assistant Professor, Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Avin Hafedi Student Research Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, karaj, Iran Aim and background: This study was performed to investigate the effect of taper of stainless-steel spreader on root fracture resistance by applying the same force. Materials and methods: This study was performed on forty extracted lateral maxillary teeth. Root canal preparation was performed on all samples. Before canal obturation, samples were divided in four groups randomly. Group 1, lateral condensation using a stainless-steel spreader with 2% taper. Group 2 was obturated with a stainless-steel spreader of the same material but with 4% taper, as in group one. In group three or negative control, the canals were not obturated, and in group four or positive control, lateral condensation technique was performed until cracks were created in the root. After 72-hour incubation and thermocycling, fracture resistance test was done. Data obtained were statistically analysed using SPSS, one way ANOVA and post Hoc Bonferouni. Results: For statistical analysis, the significance level was p<0.05.  Fracture resistance values were as follow, respectively: negative control> 25/0.02 spreader group> 25/0.04 spreader group> positive control. Fracture resistance in obturated canals by 25/0.02 or 25/0.04 spreaders and unobturated canal was significantly more than positive control, although pair by pair comparison of these three groups showed no significant difference. Conclusion: Using 25/0.02 and 25/0.04 stainless steel spreaders in lateral condensation technique didn’t make a significant reduction in fracture resistance values of the roots.

Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 13 1 2024 2 1 Investigating the effect of amniotic membrane solution on the behavior of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in an in vitro condition 26 33 FA Mohammad Azimi-Alamouty Trauma Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran , Mohammad-Amin Habibi Iranian tissue bank and research center, Gene, Cell and Tissue Institute, Tehran University of medical sciences Amin Ebrahimi Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Royan Institute, Tehran, Iran Zahra Jamalpoor Cytotech and Bioinformatics Research Group, Tehran, Iran Introduction and objectives: Mesenchymal stem cells are a promising approach for the regeneration of damaged tissues. Engineered scaffolds loaded with cells is one of the methods of cell transplantation at the site of injury. However, viability of the cells loaded in the scaffold is still a challenge. Growth factors have a proven role in increasing the metabolic activity of cells. Amniotic membrane solution is a rich source of growth factor. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal concentration of amniotic membrane solution on the behavior of mesenchymal stem cells in in vitro.   Methods: Amniotic membrane solution was prepared by enzymatic method in predetermined concentrations. Mesenchymal stem cells loaded in hydrogel were treated with different concentrations. The viability, proliferation, and metabolic activity of the cells were evaluated. Results: Cytotoxicity of amniotic membrane solution was measured by MTT method. Increasing the concentration from 0.1 to 1 mg/ml did not show any toxicity, and at the concentration of 1.5 mg/ml, a decrease in optical density (OD=0.58±0.012) was observed compared to the control (OD=0.39±0.014). The metabolic activity of the cell loaded in the hydrogel at a concentration of 1 mg/ml had a significant increase compared to the control group ( p 0.012) and the amount of DNA content in this group (19.6 ± 0.9 ng/matrix) confirmed it. Conclusion: It is suggested that amniotic membrane solution as a rich source of growth factor with an optimal dose of 1mg/ml increases the viability and metabolic activity of the MSCs-loaded scaffold for cell therapy.

Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 13 1 2024 2 1 Studying the change in transcription level of beta-catenin gene in PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cell line treated with clove extract 34 43 FA Faezeh Ghorban Fallah Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran Hadi Habibollahi Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran Mehrnaz Ahmad Sharbafi Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran Pancreatic cancer development is a complex biological process in which various genes are involved. The β-catenin/Wnt signaling pathway plays an important role in the development of pancreatic cancer. In this research, the effect of clove polyphenol extract on PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cell line and the changes in β-catenin gene expression were evaluated. PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cell line was purchased from the Royan center of Isfahan. After successive passages in order to perform MTT assay, the cells were cultured in 96-well culture plates and treated for 24 hours with different concentrations of clove plant extract, and the absorbance of the samples was determined at a wavelength of 570 nm. By interpreting the results of the MTT test, the IC50 value of clove extract was determined. Based on IC50, PANC1 cells were cultured under treatment with extract and without treatment (control), and then using the kit, RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were done from the cells. Using specific primers for β-catenin gene and actin reference gene, real-time PCR was performed and then interpreted by 2-DDCT method. The compounds in clove extract were also determined by mass GC method. The results of MTT assay showed that the IC50 of clove extract in PANC1 cell line is in the range of 10 mg/ml and with increasing concentration of clove extract, cell survival is completely decreased. Examining the transcriptional change of β-catenin gene under the treatment of IC50 concentration of clove extract also showed that this extract is able to decrease the expression of this gene by 1.29 times at the level of transcription at a significant level of p<0.05, which due to the unconventional increase of β-catenin catenin in all types of cancer, reducing the expression of this gene under the treatment of clove extract can be desirable.

Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 13 1 2024 2 1 The effect of saffron hydroalcoholic extract on changes in liver-related biochemical factors following chronic vitamin A intoxication in adult male rats 44 52 FA Mokhtar Mokhtari Department of Biology, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran Mehrdad Shariati Department of Biology, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran Dorna Ajdari Department of Biology, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran Davood Moghadamnia Department of Biology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran Background: Saffron has anti-seizure, anti-depressant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and memory improvement drugs. In this study, the effect of saffron hydroalcoholic extract on changes in liver-related biochemical factors following chronic vitamin A intoxication in adult male rats was investigated. Methods: For this purpose, 48 adult male Wistar rats weighing approximately 200±20 g were divided into 6 groups of 8. Control group: did not receive any drug treatment, sham group: received only solvent extract, experimental groups 1: Hydroalcoholic extract of saffron alone received 50 mg / kg for 15 days. Experimental group 2: Vitamin A received 50,000 IU for 15 days. Experimental groups 3 and 4: First, they received 50,000 IU of vitamin A for 15 days and then received saffron hydroalcoholic extract at 50 and 80 mg / kg, respectively, for 21 days. At the end of the experiment, the body weight of the animals was measured. Blood samples were taken from the heart and albumin, bilirubin and total protein levels were measured. The results were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey test. Results: The mean body weight in the groups receiving vitamin A and saffron hydroalcoholic extract together and alone did not show a significant change compared to the control and sham groups. Mean serum levels of total protein and albumin in experimental group 2 receiving vitamin A and experimental group 3 showed a significant decrease compared to control and control groups. The mean serum levels of total protein and albumin in experimental group 4 showed a significant increase compared to experimental group 2 receiving vitamin A. The mean serum level of total bilirubin in experimental group 2 receiving vitamin A and experimental group 3 showed a significant increase compared to the control and sham groups. The mean serum level of total bilirubin in experimental group 4 showed a significant decrease compared to experimental group 2 receiving vitamin A (P> 0.05). Conclusion: Saffron hydroalcoholic extract has a protective effect on changes in liver-related biochemical factors following chronic vitamin A poisoning in adult male rats.

Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 13 1 2024 2 1 Comparison of the effect of Iranian and non-Iranian wordless Quiet music (Mozart's modern classical style) on the concentration level of 5-8 year old children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in special care centers for these children in Shiraz city 53 62 FA Najmeh Hormati Ms Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Zand Institute of Higher Education, Shiraz, Iran Seyed Ebrahim Hosseini Associate Professor,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Zand Institute of Higher Education, Shiraz, Iran Faeze Fereidooni Assistant Professor,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Zand Institute of Higher Education, Shiraz, Iran Reza Mottaghi Assistant Professor,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Zand Institute of Higher Education, Shiraz, Iran Introduction: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the relatively common diseases of children all over the world, which is associated with symptoms such as aggression, hyperactivity, anxiety and lack of concentration. Considering the side effects of drug therapy, the use of non-pharmacological methods should be considered. This study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effect of Iranian and non-Iranian soft wordless music on the improvement of ADHD symptoms. Materials and methods: The current semi-experimental research with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group was conducted in 2014 at Zand Institute of Higher Education in Shiraz on 60 ADHD children. With the available sampling method, 60 children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder were randomly divided into two experimental groups and one control group (20 people in each group). Experimental groups 1 and 2 were subjected to 20 sessions of 60-minute Iranian and non-Iranian music therapy (Mozart), respectively. The participants were evaluated with the demographic information form and Connors parent test (1960) in 2 stages. Data analysis was done by one-way covariance analysis with the SPSS version 24 statistical package at a significance level of p<0.05. Findings: There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of age and gender (P<0.05). The results showed that there is a significant difference between the average scores of Iranian and non-Iranian Aram music groups at p<0.05. There is a significant difference between the average scores of Iranian Aram music groups and the control at p<0.001, but there is no significant difference between the average scores of non-Iranian Aram music groups and the control. Conclusion: The results of the present research in relation to the comparison of 2 types of calm and wordless Iranian music by Chashm Azar and classical and modern music by Mozart show that music that is compatible with the patient's culture can improve children with ADHD.

Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 13 1 2024 2 1 An overview of the Physiome Project; a perspective focusing on interdisciplinary studies in the medical sciences 63 70 FA Roham Mazloom Assistant Professor of Physiology, Department of Physiology-Pharmacology-Medical Physics, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Gholamreza Bayat Associate Professor of Physiology, Department of Physiology-Pharmacology-Medical Physics, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Azadeh Khalili Assistant Professor of Pharmacology, Department of Physiology-Pharmacology-Medical Physics, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Mohsen Arabi Assistant Professor of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Pathology and Radiology, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran The concept of the Physiome Project was presented to provide a quantitative description of the physiological dynamics and functional behavior of the intact organism as a whole. The human body is a complex system, and this complexity is present in all components from genes to environment, lifestyle, and aging. The definitive goal of the Physiome Project is to create a "virtual physiological human" by assembling reliable and advanced computational models so that it can be studied and evaluated with a holistic perspective through system's theory in the laboratory and therapeutic settings. This process is started through the creation of modeling at molecular and cellular levels, and by connecting its components with the help of virtual reality, it will be considered as a connected whole to form a virtual physiological human. To achieve this goal in the Physiome Project, other branches of knowledge along with medical sciences are used as interdisciplinary collaborations. Although this project has had various ups and downs, but in general, it has made acceptable progress in applying different sciences together, and therefore, it seems that the process of the Physiome Project can be used to create a suitable model in the formation of interdisciplinary studies.