Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 3 2 2014 4 1 The Role of Vitamin D in Multiple Sclerosis: An Interaction Between Genes and Environment 65 76 FA N. Jalehjoo Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran A. Movahedian-Attar Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative chronic inflammatory disease with neurological and cognitive manifestations which involves the central nervous system. The etiology of it is unknown, however, it appears several factors like genetic factors, environmental factors and their interactions play key roles in the development of MS. Many studies show that vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for MS disease. In the 21st century, about 1 billion people worldwide are vitamin D deficient. In this article, mechanisms which are associated with protective roles of vitamin D in MS based on epidemiological, immunological, experimental, molecular and clinical studies are discussed.

Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 3 2 2014 4 1 Prevalence of Depression in Hemodialysis Patients 77 80 FA M. Hashemi M.sc of Nursing, Faculity Member of Nursing and Midwifery, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnourd, Iran A. Garshad M.Sc of Statitistics, Deputy of Research, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnourd, Iran S.H. Mirzaei Ph.D Psychology, Department of Psychology, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnourd, Iran Introduction and Objectives: Mental disorders, especially depression in patients with chronic renal failure and hemodialysis are common .These conditions reduce the quality of life and increased mortality rates have a significant impact .The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of depression in hemodialysis patients in a hospital in Shirvan city. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 46 patients treated with hemodialysis patients were selected for sampling instruments used demographic questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory. Data collected using the SPSS software testing descriptive and Chi-square were analyzed. Results: the Beck Depression Inventory 39.2 patients were in the range of depressive disorder. (p=0/041 p=0/021) Conclusion: According to prevalence of depression in hemodialysis patients , screening for depression in these patients seems necessary. Diagnosis and treatment of depression in the early stages can play an important role in improving the quality of life in these patients.

Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 3 2 2014 4 1 Mental Health of People Who Are Going to Marry and Its Relation to Some of Their Demographic Factors 81 88 FA Z. Ghazivakili Educational Development Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Alborz, Iran R. Norouzinia Educational Development Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Alborz, Iran K. Kabir Community Medicine Specialist, Assistant Professor of Community Medicine, Alborz university of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Karaj, Iran M. Karimi Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran, Iran Introduction: Marriage is one of the most important events during an individual's life. Mental health as a component of personal characteristics, are associated with marital satisfaction. considering the role of mental health in a successful marriage, the impact of family health on community mental health, and major role of couples in this regard the present study aimed to determine the Mental health of people who are going to marry and its relation to some of their demographic factors in karaj 2012. Material and Methods: We performed a cross sectional study on the established group of 600 people who attended premarital assessment in a health center. They were selected by convenient sampling method. The data collection instrument was a demographic questionnaire and standardized Goldberge mental health (GHQ-28) questionnaire. The data was analyzed with SPSS/18 using descriptive and inferential statistical methods.(P<0.05) Findings: The mean score of mental health questionnaire was (16/2 ± 9/9). The results also showed that mental health and sex, religion, place of birth, marital history and employment status were significantly related (P<0.05) such that the mental health of men, Shea, born in the village, no history of marriage, and have a permanent job was higher. Conclusion: Recent research results indicate the desirability of mental health in 80.3 percent of in new couples.

Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 3 2 2014 4 1 Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Intended to Investigate the Reward Response of Nucleus Accumbens in a Local Demyelination Model of Rat 89 95 FA M. Goodarzvand Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran K. Rahampour Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran P. Azizi Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran M.A. Sherafat Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran A. Nazari-Boroon Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran A. Haghparast Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran S. Taheri Nursing, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Introduction: Demyelination is the most common complication of multiple sclerosis in that the myelin sheaths around the axons and cerebral nucleus are damaged. The accumbens nucleus is a part of the striatum of the CNS that has role in reward response. Recently, stem cell therapy has been considered by many researchers. Therefore, the aim of this study was application of mesenchymal stem cells to assess demyelination (apoptosis), remyelination (neuronal differentiation) and reward response of accumbens nucleus in a local demyelination model. Method and Materials: Male Wistar rats weighting 250-300 gr were anesthetized with chloral hydrate. Ethidium bromide was directly injected into the nucleus accumbens. A thin canola was mounted into the ventricle coordination, simultaneously. Animals were divided into 4 groups: Control (received saline as solvent of EB), sham, PBS 14 and 28 (received PBS as vehicle of stem cell) and experiments 14 and 28 (received mesenchymal 5* 100000 of stem cells). Conditioned Place Preference (CPP) was done in days zero, 14 and 28 post surgery and morphine was subcutaneously injected to assess reward response. Results: This study showed CCP increment in experiment groups compared to PBS ones, significantly. Discussion: The results of the present study suggesting stem cell therapy as an effective factor to swift the healing processes of the CNS and to improve reward response should be considered.

Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 3 2 2014 4 1 Determination of Histamine and Tyramine in Lyqvan Cheese and Tabriz Ultra Filtered in Different Ripening Periods by High Performance Liquid Chromatography 96 102 FA J. Mohtadinia Department of Food sciences and Technology, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical sciences. Tabriz, Iran H. Khadem Haghighian Department of Nutrition, School of Paramedical, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran Biogenic amines are the low molecular organic bases formed through enzymatic decarboxylation of amino acids and produced by microorganisms. Histamine and tyramine have been found in several type of cheese. Presence of these compounds can cause several problems such as respiratory disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of ripening times on histamine and tyramine production. Methods: To study ultra-filtered and Lyqvan cheeses, samples were randomly assigned for production line in sixty day study period and 15 day intervals work was considered. Samples using hydrochloric acid were extracted and then samples to HPLC were injected. Statistical data analysis software SPSS (Ver16) took. Significance level P <0.05 was considered. Results: All of the Lyqvan pasteurized and Ultra filtered samples in all courses had histamine and tyramine. All samples of Lyqvan pasteurized in all courses had a more biogenic amines than UF samples. Increasing was significant in Lyqvan samples cases (P<0.05) and not significant in UF cheeses. In all courses in the amine levels of both types of samples were below the limit level that determined with FDA. Conclusion: Considering the amount of biogenic amine in all samples were below the safety limit, but due to side effects in susceptible consumers and food-drug interactions require special attention in the control cheese production and storage conditions.

Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 3 2 2014 4 1 Study of Effective Factors in Evoking Study Motivation Among the Student of Health and Paramedical Faculties of Alborz University of Medical Sciences, 2012 103 108 FA P. Karimpour-Azar Master of Science in Library and Information, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon Branch, Iran S.H. Mirjood Master of Science in Library and Information, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon Branch, Iran S. Shapouri Master of Science in Library and Information, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon Branch, Iran Background: Study as an individual and public process needs special motivation, and inclination. Creating motivation to study among students is an essential task, and it needs effective steps to be taken. The present research has been conducted to examine the factors that affect educational (study) motivation in students of Health and Para–Medical Faculty of Alborz Medical Science University in 2012. Methods and Tools of Gathering: The method of this paper is based on survey-descriptive. The required data had been collected by questionnaire. A total number 241 students participated in this study. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analyzing data by SPSS. Results: The results of the study hypotheses test reveals that there is a meaningful relationship between the study motivation of the students in Health and Para-Medical Faculty of Alborz University and their study major, and their year of study. However, there is not any meaningful relationship between students' study motivation and the place of their study or their past terms scores. Discussion: Several factors such as the study major, the year of study, family and teachers roles, instruments and equipments of university have important effect on students' study motivation. Today, the role of internet, scientific websites and educational technology on learning is inventible.

Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 3 2 2014 4 1 Treatment of Synthetic Wastewater Containing Reactive Blue 19 by Electrolysis Process 109 114 FA R.A. Fallahzadeh M.Sc in Environmental Health Engineering, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences,Yazd, Iran M.T. Ghaneian Associate professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences,Yazd, Iran M. Dehvari M.Sc in Environmental Health Engineering, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences,Yazd, Iran R. Mahdavifar M.Sc in Environmental Engineering, Alborz University of Medical Sciences,Karaj, Iran Background: Disposal of untreated wastewater in the textile industries to environmental according to toxic pollutants, organic matter and available colors in them for human and other creatures' health is harmful. On the other, wastewater treatment conventional methods of textile industry are often extensive and lack of the desired performance. In this research was investigated efficiency of electrolysis process by graphitic electrode for the removal of reactive blue 19 dye from synthetic wastewater. Materials and Methods: For performance of test has used from a reactor made of Plexiglas with 3 liter capacity which was equipped with two graphite electrodes. The effect of operational parameters such as voltage, initial dye concentration and total dissolved solids (TDS) rate, was investigated. Dye concentration in samples was determined by spectrophotometer UV-Visible in 592 nm wavelength. Results: According to obtained results in optimum conditions (Voltage 24V, initial dye concentration 10 mg/L, TDS 3500 mg/L and time 2 min) Removal efficiency was equal to 98.6%. The results were indicative decreasing of removal efficiency with increasing of dye concentration and decreasing of voltage. Conclusion: Electrolysis process using from graphite electrode is efficient method for removal of reactive blue 19 dye from textile industries dye wastewater.

Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 3 2 2014 4 1 Traumatic Degloving of Penoscrotal Skin: Report of Two Cases 115 118 FA R. Yegane Department of Surgery, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran H. Peyvandi Department of Surgery, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Skin avulsions of male genitals are a rare traumatic plastic surgery and urologic emergency. This kind of trauma occur mainly because of accidents with industrial machines or agricultural machine belts. In this paper we reported two patients with traumatic avulsion of penile and scrotal skin. These patients wound were covered with split thickness skin graft after two weeks. We recommend for using a split thickness skin graft to cover the penis and scrotal degloved area because of this operation has minimal invasiveness and rapid healing.