Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 2588-3046 14 2 2025 3 1 Diagnostic Validity of the Persian version of 3rd edition of the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale (GARS-3) 114 128 FA Reza Gorji Dep of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University re.gorji@yahoo.com N 0000-0001-9169-1086 Saeid Hassanzadeh Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran Shasanz@ut.ac.ir Y 0000-0001-9986-0120 Sogand Ghasemzadeh Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran S.ghasemzadeh@ut.ac.ir N 0000-0003-0897-1568 Masoud GholamAli Lavasani Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran lavasani@ut.ac.ir N 0000-0003-0958-1027 10.61186/aums.14.2.114 Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder, and early diagnosis is crucial for effective interventions. The Gilliam Autism Rating Scale (GARS-3) is a widely used tool for diagnosing ASD. Methods: This descriptive research aimed to validate the Persian version of GARS-3. The sample consisted of 318 individuals aged 3 to 22 years with ASD, as well as normal, mentally retarded, and deaf individuals. Purposeful sampling was used to select the participants. Results: The results indicated that the Persian version of GARS-3 has good diagnostic and discriminative ability between individuals with ASD and those without (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The study recommends using GARS-3 for screening ASD in Iranian children, emphasizing the importance of using DSM-5 diagnostic criteria alongside the scale’s desirable psychometric properties. Autism spectrum disorder, Diagnosis, Gilliam Autism Rating Scale, Psychometric properties, Validation http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1888-en.html http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1888-en.pdf

Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 2588-3046 14 2 2025 3 1 Knowledge, attitude, and practice of students of Alborz University of medical Sciences regarding keeping pets and suffering from parasitic infection in 1402 129 139 FA Sara Salehi School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran sarasalehi8060@gmail.com N 0000-0000-0000-0000 Sepeta Zibaei Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran spzmsuntu124@gmail.com N 0000-0000-0000-0000 Mohammad Zibaei Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran zibaeim@sums.ac.ir Y 0000-0003-2265-7460 10.61186/aums.14.2.129 Introduction: The maintenance of pets is a global phenomenon that is associated with positive effects on individuals' mental and physiological health. However, these animals can also serve as hosts for the transmission of common diseases between humans and animals, known as zoonoses. Therefore, it is essential to raise awareness about the dangers posed by these diseases and promote preventive behaviors. This study aims to investigate the level of awareness and attitudes of individuals, particularly students at Alborz University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, regarding zoonotic diseases, especially parasitic infections. Additionally, the study seeks to identify solutions to enhance awareness and mitigate the risks associated with these diseases in the targeted communities. Methods: This survey is a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted among students at Alborz University of Medical Sciences. A total of 197 participants from six faculties—Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy, Health, Paramedicine, and Nursing—were selected for the study. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS version 22 statistical software, employing appropriate statistical tests based on the types of variables. Results: The results of this study indicated that the majority of participants were female (n = 109, 55.3%), general medical doctoral students (n = 117, 59.4%), and did not own pets (n = 125, 63.5%). Statistical analysis using Spearman's correlation coefficient revealed significant relationships among the variables: knowledge and attitude of participants (P < 0.001, r = 0.241), knowledge and practice of participants (P < 0.001, r = 0.363), and attitude and practice of participants (P < 0.001, r = 0.380). Conclusion: The findings of the present study, conducted for the first time among students at Alborz University of Medical Sciences, indicate that education on zoonotic diseases should be ongoing for students in various medical disciplines. Furthermore, these individuals should actively seek to expand their acquired knowledge. Previous studies conducted within the community have shown that the level of knowledge and awareness regarding diseases shared between humans and animals is low and requires significant improvement. Zoonoses, parasitic infections, awareness, attitudes, prevention http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1875-en.html http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1875-en.pdf

Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 2588-3046 14 2 2025 3 1 Identification and determining the pattern of antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation capacity in bacterial strains isolated from patients with burn wound infection 140 153 FA Zahra Rajabloo Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran. rajablooz@yahoo.com N 0000-0002-0362-4156 Elahe Mobarak Qamsari Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran. e.mobarak@alzahra.ac.ir N 0000-0002-5892-7710 Rouha Kasra Kermanshahi Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran. rkasra@yahoo.com Y 0000-0002-1395-8002 10.61186/aums.14.2.140 Introduction: Burn wound infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria are a significant challenge for patients. This study aimed to isolate antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli from patients at the Shahid Motahari Burn Hospital in Tehran. Additionally, the ability of these isolated strains to form biofilms was investigated. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, burn wound swab samples were collected from 120 patients. Biochemical identification was followed by determining antimicrobial susceptibility using the disk diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined, along with assessing biofilm formation using 96-well microtiter plates and tetrazolium (TTC) staining. Results: The percentage of bacteria resistant to at least 5 antibiotics was 60% for K. pneumoniae, 53.33% for S. aureus, 30% for P. aeruginosa, and 13.33% for E. coli. All strains resistant to at least 5 antibiotics had the ability to form biofilms. The high prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Gram-positive S. aureus, coupled with increased biofilm formation among S. aureus, supports the hypothesis that biofilm formation contributes to the development of antibiotic resistance. Conclusion: The changing pattern of microbial resistance among isolates from burn wound infections necessitates adjustments in antibiotic therapy and may even require non-antibiotic treatment modalities. Systematic determination of the antimicrobial resistance profile of burn wound infection isolates is recommended. Burn wound infections, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1857-en.html http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1857-en.pdf

Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 2588-3046 14 2 2025 3 1 Evaluation of diagnostic value of combining STOP-BANG and ESS questionnaires with pulse oximetry in the diagnosis obstructive sleep apnea in comparison with polysomnography 154 161 FA Abolhasan Halvani Department of Internal Medicine, Yazd Medical Science Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran halvani47@yahoo.com N 0000-0002-2765-0543 Sareh Rafatmagham Department of Internal Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciense, Fasa, Iran r.sareh2012@gmail.com Y 0000-0002-4501-5535 Foroghosadat Jamaledini Yazd Medical Science Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran f.s.jamaledini@gmail.com N 0000-0002-1452-5581 10.61186/aums.14.2.154 Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and metabolic disorders. The aim of the present study was to investigate the diagnostic value of combining the Stop-Bang and ESS questionnaires with pulse oximetry in diagnosing OSA compared to polysomnography (PSG). Methods: This is a descriptive, analytical, and cross-sectional study. People who visit the hospital for a sleep test completed the STOP-BANG and ESS questionnaires before the test. Then, the results of the questionnaires, which are the sum of the scores of each questionnaire, and the results of pulse oximetry, which include hypoxia and the AHI and ODI indices, were compared with the results of PSG. Results: In this study, it was shown that there is a good agreement between SPO2 and PSG, STOP-BANG and PSG, ESScod and PSG, based on the Kappa test. The sensitivity of the STOP-BANG questionnaire was higher than the ESS questionnaire with pulse oximetry in diagnosing OSA compared to PSG, and the sensitivity of the combined questionnaire was higher than the ESS questionnaire with pulse oximetry in diagnosing OSA compared to PSG. Conclusion: Based on the findings, the combination of the studied questionnaires has more added value. Obstructive sleep apnea, cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, polysomnography http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1796-en.html http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1796-en.pdf

Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 2588-3046 14 2 2025 3 1 Fire Risk Assessment in a Selected Hospital Using FRAME Technique 162 177 FA Siamak Zeinali Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran siamak.zeinali81@gmail.com N 0009--000-7703-7493 Narmin Hassanzadeh-Rangi Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran narminhasanzadeh@yahoo.com Y 0000-0001-5829-4417 10.61186/aums.14.2.162 Introduction: Fire and explosion are major hazards in hospital environments. The use of fire risk assessment methods is essential for preventing and managing these risks. The design of specialized software also plays a significant role in improving the accuracy and speed of assessments. This study aimed to assess fire risk in a hospital using the FRAME technique. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in one of the Alborz University of Medical Sciences hospitals. Using the FRAME technique, three different fire risk modes were calculated separately for the building, contents, people, and activities inside the building (before and after the fire control measures). The required data was collected through field investigation, hospital documentation, parameter measurements, monitoring questionnaires, and checklists and calculated with the Excel software. Results: The findings of the study revealed a significant reduction in fire risk associated with buildings and their contents, with the average risk level decreasing from 0.21 prior to the implementation of control measures to a markedly lower level of 0.05 following these interventions. This substantial drop underscores the effectiveness of the control measures in mitigating potential hazards related to fire incidents. Conclusion: This study shows that the highest fire risk is mainly related to human factors, which emphasizes the critical need for targeted interventions. To effectively mitigate these risks, implementing automatic fire detection and suppression systems is not only recommended, but essential to protect life and property in healthcare environments. In addition, robust fire safety training to hospital staff is essential to increase their preparedness and ability to respond in an emergency. Risk assessment, Fire, Hospital http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1856-en.html http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1856-en.pdf

Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 2588-3046 14 2 2025 3 1 Identification and Investigation of the Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Patients with Burn Wound Infection in Taleghani Hospital, Ahvaz 178 188 FA Sepideh Mehrbakhsh Department of Microbiology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran smehrbakhsh2016@gmail.com N 0009-0003-3150-6880 Fereshteh Ghandehari Department of Microbiology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran fereshtehghandehari72@gmail.com Y 0000-0003-1813-3517 Malahat Rezaee Department of Biochemistry, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran malahatrezaee@gmail.com N 0000-0003-0003-1993 Mahnoosh Fatemi Department of Biology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran mehr.fatemi7@gmail.com N 0000-0001-6197-5395 Ali Mohammad Ahadi Department of Genetics, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran Ahadi_al@yahoo.com N 0000-0001-9580-2740 10.61186/aums.14.2.178 Introduction: The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus aureus infections has become a concerning global health threat. This study aimed to identify the antibiotic resistance patterns of MDR S. aureus in burn wound infections. Methods: A total of 100 swab samples were collected from burn wound patients at Taleghani Burn Hospital (Ahvaz, Iran). All samples were obtained from hospitalized patients within 7 days of admission. The isolates were identified as S. aureus using standard culture methods and biochemical tests. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was evaluated in vitro using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method with 17 antibiotics. Subsequently, the isolates were subjected to species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Results: Forty S. aureus isolates (40%) were obtained from burn wound samples. The isolates exhibited the highest resistance to penicillin (82.5%), amikacin (77.5%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (70%), ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin (67.5%), while showing the highest susceptibility to vancomycin (80%), linezolid (77.5%), clindamycin (72.5%), and erythromycin (60%). Twenty isolates (50%) were resistant to more than 3 antibiotics and were classified as MDR isolates. Conclusion: The prevalence of MDR S. aureus is a global issue that requires immediate attention. The multidrug resistance of S. aureus may stem from prolonged hospitalization of patients in burn units and the overuse of antibiotics for infection treatment. Therefore, understanding the epidemiology, antibiotic resistance patterns, and infection management of S. aureus in burn units would be highly beneficial.   Staphylococcus aureus, Multidrug resistance, Burn wound infections, Antibiotic resistance patterns, Hospital-acquired infections http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1886-en.html http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1886-en.pdf

Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 2588-3046 14 2 2025 3 1 The effect of Lactococcus lactis (+NIS) probiotic lysate on the expression of Proteus mirabilis efflux pump genes and anti-apoptotic effect in kidney cancer cell line 189 202 FA Hamed Azadifar hamedazadifar.ha@gmail.com N 0009-0001-2871-4553 kumarss amini Islamic Azad University, Saveh Branch dr_kumarss_amini@yahoo.com Y 0000-0002-6419-3417 10.61186/aums.14.2.189 Introduction: Lactococcus lactis bacteria are used as a useful probiotic in treating and preventing cancer and can inhibit the growth of other bacteria by producing bacteriocins. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of probiotic lysate of Lactococcus lactis (+ NIS) on the expression of efflux pump genes of Proteus mirabilis and some anti-apoptotic genes in kidney cancer cell lines. Methods: After examining and isolating 60 strains of Proteus mirabilis by diagnostic and biochemical tests, a Multiplex PCR reaction was performed to identify the efflux pump genes of Proteus mirabilis. The bacteria were cultured and the supernatant of the nisin-producing microorganism Lactococcus lactis strain (PTCC 1336) was isolated and its activity was examined by plating on agar. By Real-Time PCR reaction, the expression of the acrB gene in the Proteus mirabilis strains treated with supernatant was examined. Results: The cytotoxicity result of this supernatant for the relative expression of bcl-2 and bax genes in kidney cancer cells was that among the Proteus mirabilis samples, 37 samples had the acrA gene, 59 samples had the acrB gene, and 58 samples had the Urea gene. The results of the MIC test showed inhibition of the growth of Proteus strains at a concentration of 375 μg/ml of the supernatant. The expression of the acrB gene in the treated strains was significantly decreased compared to the control group. According to the analysis of MTT test data, the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for this supernatant was calculated to be 202.8 μg/ml after 72 hours. Conclusion: The results showed a 52.86% decrease in bcl-2 gene expression and a 60.21% increase in bax gene expression in treated cancer cells compared to the control group. Cytotoxicity studies of this study showed that it could suppress the proliferation of renal cell carcinoma (ACHN) cells with an IC50 of 202.8 μg/ml. Proteus mirabilis, Lactococcus lactis, apoptosis, kidney Neoplasms, probiotics http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1870-en.html http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1870-en.pdf

Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 2588-3046 14 2 2025 3 1 Elderly Health Challenges in the Context of Sustainable Development 203 217 FA emran Sasani Master of Social Services Management, Allameh Tabatabaee University, Tehran, Iran omran.sasani1374@gmail.com Y 0009-0002-5341-8462 Master Of Sociology, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran zarajowkar@gmail.com N 0009-0003-6380-8277 10.61186/aums.14.2.203 Introduction: The growing trend of the aging population in Iran and the world has created numerous challenges in the field of aging health and in economic, social and environmental dimensions. Sustainable development, as a comprehensive framework and interdisciplinary field, can provide an effective approach to examine and manage these challenges in the global community and today's Iran. This study aims to conceptually review the challenges related to aging health within the framework of sustainable development and explain the relationships between these two fields. Methods: The present study used a conceptual review method and examined reliable scientific sources in international databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Jstor, as well as Persian-language databases such as SID, Magiran, Noormags, and Ensani to identify key concepts in the three areas of sustainable development (economic, social, and environmental) and the challenges of aging. Results: The findings confirm that in the field of aging, challenges such as the economic costs of elderly care, limited access to health services, social isolation and reduced social participation, low quality of urban and rural infrastructure for the elderly, and the impact of climate change have had an impact on the quality of life of the elderly. At the same time, concepts such as intergenerational justice, social participation of the elderly, and sustainable policies were identified as key factors in managing these challenges. Conclusion: The results of this study show that the sustainable development approach can be effectively used with an interdisciplinary perspective to address the challenges of the field of aging health. Also, the existence of research gaps in this area requires more in-depth research. The findings of this study can provide a suitable basis for formulating policies and practical solutions in order to integrate the concepts of aging and sustainable development. Sustainable Development, Health Policy, Elderly Health, Challenges, scoping review http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1892-en.html http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1892-en.pdf