Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 2588-3046 1 3 2012 6 1 Accuracy of Inferior Vena Cava Ultrasonography in Determining Central Venous Pressure 123 129 FA H. Derakhshanfar Emergency Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran N A. Zolfaghari Sadrabad Emergency Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran akramzolfaghari@gmail.com Y A. Amini Emergency Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran N H. Hatam-Abadi Emergency Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran N R. Farahman-Rad Emergency Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran N 10.18869/acadpub.aums.1.3.123 Introduction: Clinical ultrasonography may be provides a quick and non-invasive Modality for evaluation of patients’ hemodynamics for volume status. In this study we want to assess and attempt to analyze accuracy of inferior vena cava (IVC) ultrasonography and central venous catheterization in determine central venous pressure (CVP). Method and Materials: The patients were undergoing central venous catheterization, have been kept in an observational, diagnostic and comparative study. IVC diameters were determined by 2- dimensional bedside ultrasonography during 1 respiratory cycle and the caval index was measured. The correlation of CVP and caval index was measured. In addition, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of caval index was calculated. Results: All 114 patients were divided in three groups: 59% of patients had CVP12. The relationship between caval index and CVP was 0.75. The results of this study demonstrated that the caval index≥ 50% can predict the CVP12 with 96% sensitivity, 94.5%specificity, 83% positive predictive value and 98.8% negative predictive value. Discussion: Our results in this study told us that there is significant correlation between caval index≥50% and CVP12. Conclusion: Ultrasound assessment of IVC dimensions may provide a quick and non-invasive hemodynamic monitoring method of assessing volume status and can performed by educated technician or medical students. Central Venous Pressure, hemodynamics, inferior vena cava, ultrasonography http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-45-en.html http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-45-en.pdf

Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 2588-3046 1 3 2012 6 1 Relationship Between Body Mass Index, Weight Gain During Pregnancy and Birth Weight of Infants 130 136 FA H. Pakniat Obstetrician, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Iran N F Movahed Obstetrician, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Iranن fmovahed@qums.ac.ir Y 10.18869/acadpub.aums.1.3.130 Introduction: Birth weight is one of the most important indicators for growth in infants. Therefore identifying the associated risk factors of abnormal birth weight is necessity. This study has been designed to detect body mass index, weight gain during pregnancy and its correlation with birth weight of infants. Methods: Between October 2010 and October 2011 in a cross sectional and descriptive study 1376 pregnant women age range between 18-35 years and gestational age <12 weeks of pregnancy were enrolled. BMI was measured at first prenatal visit and prenatal care was done according to health ministry curriculum. A questionnaire that included demographic, medical history and midwifery data was filled up for each case and preterm delivery cases were recorded. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS software, logistic regression, student t-test, Fisher’s exact chi-square test. Results: Univariate analysis showed that LBW was related to mothers in overweight groups, although the differences was not statistically significant (P=1.00). Also the incidence of childbirth with birth weight above 4 kg in overweight and obese mothers was more (P=0.001). On the other hand our statistical analysis results showed an important role for abnormal weight gain during pregnancy, so that weight gain during pregnancy as BMI was affective to predict birth weight of infants (P=0.000, P=0.004). Discussion: Results of this study showed an association between abnormal BMI, weight gain during pregnancy and abnormal birth weight. Therefore consultation with a specialist in nutrition for women in reproductive aged could reduce the chance of LBW. Body mass index; Preterm labor; birth weight http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-49-en.html http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-49-en.pdf

Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 2588-3046 1 3 2012 6 1 Co-Administration of Vitamins E and D3 on Spatial Learning and Memory of Hippocampal Formation of Rat Following Ethidium Bromide- Induced Demyelination 137 142 FA M. Goudarzvand PHD on Physiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran m118medical@yahoo.com Y S. Choopani Physiologist, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran N N. Naghdi PHD on Physiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran N Z. Khodaii PHD on Nutrition, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran N 10.18869/acadpub.aums.1.3.137 Background: The hippocampus as part of the limbic system has a major role in the formation of several types of memory including spatial memory. Cognitive and memory impairment have been reported in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) by several studies and vitamins have antioxidant role for neuro-regeneration. The present study investigates the effects of combined administration of vitamins E and D3 on spatial learning and memory in the demyelinated hippocampus of rat following administration of ethidium bromide. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats were anesthetized with intraperitoneal injection of chlorate hydrate. The animal head was fixed in a stereotaxic apparatus and 3 microliter of ethidium bromide was injected into the dentate gyrus of hippocampus for 7 days. Behavioral tests after intra-peritoneal administration of vitamin E (mg/kg100) and D3 (μg/kg5) were carried out. Animals were subjected to 5 days of training in the Morris water maze 4 days with the invisible platform to test spatial learning and the 5th day with the visible platform to test sensory-motor coordination. Results: The results showed that co-administration of vitamins E and D3 significantly decreased the total traveled distance to the platform compared to the lesion group. However, the indexes of escape latency and swimming speed did not decrease significantly. Conclusion: The co-administration of vitamins E and D3 slightly enhanced spatial learning and memory impairment probably through its neuro-protective effect in the hypocampus. Multiple sclerosis; Learning; Vitamin E; Vitamin D3; Spatial memory http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-50-en.html http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-50-en.pdf

Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 2588-3046 1 3 2012 6 1 Assessment of Clinical Education in the Alborz University of Medical Sciences from Surgical Technology and Anesthesiology Students’ Point of View 143 150 FA T. Bahrami Babaheidary Nursing & Midwifery Faculty, Alborz University of Medical Science, Karaj, Iran N L. Sadati Operating Room Group, Paramedical Faculty, Alborz University of Medical Science, Karaj, Iran L.sadati70@gmail.com Y E. Golchini Paramedical Faculty, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran N E. Mahmudi Department of Pathobiology, Medical Faculty, Alborz University of Medical Science, Karaj, Iran N 10.18869/acadpub.aums.1.3.143 Introduction: Identifying the strengths and weaknesses in clinical education is necessary for its improvement. To this end, students are the most important source for acquiring necessary information in this field. This study aimed to assess clinical education in the Alborz University of Medical Sciences from surgical technology and anesthesiology students’ Point of View in 2011 Methods: This research was a descriptive-sectional study performed at the Alborz University of Medical Sciences in 2011. Surgical technology and anesthesia students’ view about Clinical Education was evaluated. Assessment tool was a researcher made questionnaire with 35 items that was completed by students Data were analyzed through SPSS software and statistical methods. Results: The results indicated that from surgical technology students’ view, the optimal condition about clinical education was related to dealing with students. However, the field of educational program and goals was first-rated by anesthesia students. In summary, with average score of 74, medical condition was described as “suitable” by surgical technology students. Also, anesthesia students described the condition as “relatively suitable” by average score of 53. Conclusion: Because of surgical technology and anesthesiology students needs to acquire clinical skills along with theoretical training, providing suitable clinical environment seems to be critical to achieve essential in-depth experience in professional aspects. Condition-clinical education; Surgical technologist; Anesthesiology student http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-51-en.html http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-51-en.pdf

Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 2588-3046 1 3 2012 6 1 Growth Status of First Secondary Students of Tabriz city Based on WHO 2007 and CDC 2000 Standards 151 158 FA F. Mahmoodpoor Alborz University of Medical Science, Karaj, Alborz N S.J. Gaemmagami Nutrition Research Center of Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Alborz N A. Ostadrahimi Nutrition Science, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran N M.R. Vafa Nutrition Science, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran mrvafa@tums.ac.ir Y 10.18869/acadpub.aums.1.3.151 Introduction: Anthropometric studies are particularly important among children and adolescents which monitor growth changes. Anthropometric studies indicate their health status. Methods: This cross sectional study was about 1552 girls and 1551 boys with middle age, 11.5 years, were selected by random cluster sampling from first secondary students of Tabriz city. In this study their height and weight as well as BMI were evaluated. Data’s analyzed with softwares Epi Info, Anthro WHO, spss 16 and nutritional status assessed with WHO 2007 and CDC 2000 standards. Results: As compared with WHO 2007 standard, 1.8% and 0.8 % girls and boys were short stature, 3.8% and 2.2% were thin, 0.5% and 0.8% were severe thin respectively. 8.7% and 14.5% were obese and 20.5% and 21.7% were overweight. Difference between BMI and height of girls and boys was significant with (P=0.0001) and (P=0.002) respectively. With CDC 2000 standard, respectively 0.1% and 0.3% girls and boys were severe underweight, 2.3% and 1.8% were moderate underweight, 13.7% and 13% were mild underweight. As well as 1.2% and 0.8% were short stature and BMI of them revealed 2.8% and 4.4% obesity, 20.5% and 24.7% overweight, 3.7% and 2.2% thinness, 0.5% and 1% of girls and boys were sever thin, respectively .Difference between BMI of girls and boys was significant. (P=0.002) Conclusion: Different types of malnutrition in adolescents of Tabriz city are prevalent. Mention of standard name in assessment of malnutrition and obesity is necessary. WHO 2007 is valid standard to assessment nutritional status of children and adolescents. Using CDC 2000 standard underestimates obesity. BMI; Students; WHO 2007; CDC 2000 http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-52-en.html http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-52-en.pdf

Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 2588-3046 1 3 2012 6 1 Stages of Dairy Products Consumption Change by Medical Students: The Trans Theoretical Model 159 165 FA A. Pirasteh Department of Health and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran pirasteh.ashraf@googlemail.com Y Z. Johari Department of Health and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran N N. Zafarghandi Department of Obstetrics , School of Medicine, Shahed University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran N N. Kholdi Department of Health and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran N 10.18869/acadpub.aums.1.3.159 Background and Purpose: Physical inactivity is one of the most important public health issues in the world. Increasingly, links are being identified between various elements of the Physical environment and physical activity. Recent research highlights the importance of environment as a determinant of physical activity. This study aimed to identify of related environmental factors of physical activity among dormitory residence university students. Material and Method: In this study we have used environmental factors scale which is including two sections safety and facilities. Sample of study was including 120 people which gathered randomized from dormitory residence university students. Students have filled demography questionnaire and environmental factors questionnaire. Data analytic done for using SPSS. Results: To base environmental factors scale 83.4% of students have believed at dormitory there aren't enough supplies and pieces of sports equipment (like balls, bicycles, skates) to use for physical activity and 56.7% of students have believed that it is difficult to walk or jog in my neighborhood because of things like traffic, no sidewalks, dogs, gangs and so on and 54.1% of students have believed It isn't safe to walk or jog in my neighborhood during the day and 71.6% of students have believed that there are playgrounds, parks, or gyms, close to my home or that I can get to easily. Conclusion: To increase the environmental safety of neighborhood will affected physical activity levels among adolescents. Environmental; Physical activity; Adolescents http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-53-en.html http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-53-en.pdf

Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 2588-3046 1 3 2012 6 1 Survey of Safety Climate in a Petrochemical Industry in Mahshahr 166 172 FA Y. Shokoohi Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran N J. Adl Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran adljavad@sina.tums.ac.ir Y H. Kakooei Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran N D. Panahi Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran N M. Ghorbani Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran N 10.18869/acadpub.aums.1.3.166 Background and Aim: Safety Climate as one of the health and safety management performance evaluation indicators is discussed. The purpose of this study was to plot the safety climate of the under study Petrochemical industry and evaluation of its strengths and weaknesses. Methods: Loughborough University Safety Climate Assessment Toolkit (LSCAT) was used in this study which assesses the safety climate governs on the workplace in 17 dimensions. Nine of them deal with attitude of workers directly and three of them deal with Organizational activity and fine of them via interview, deal with issues such as management style, Cooperation and etc. 1 to 10 scale is used for scoring each dimension. Results and Discussion: Average score of the industry's safety climate was obtained 5.9. Of 17 studied dimensions, 9 dimensions were weak (score less than 6). Lowest score were related to Event & Accident and Change management dimensions. Highest score were related to Individual priorities and need for safety (8.65). Generally relationship between individual variables (ages, work experience, education) and safety climate were not significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: Generally one can conclude that individual variables such as age, education and experience have not significant effect on safety climate. It seems that top management forms the organizational climate and consequently safety climate. It reaffirms the basic principle of senior management commitment to safety and its role in preventing accidents. Thus safety climate can be used as a good method for assessing Occupational Health and Safety Management Performance. Petrochemical industry; Safety Climate; Safety culture http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-54-en.html http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-54-en.pdf

Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 2588-3046 1 3 2012 6 1 The Effect of Educational Intervention Based on BASNEF Model to Improve Interpersonal Communication Skills of Nurses 173 178 FA F. Zarei Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran N Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran N Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran N H. Research Center of Social, Determinants of Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran tehrani.hadi420@gmail.com Y D. Shojayizade Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran N 10.18869/acadpub.aums.1.3.173 Background and Aims: Interpersonal communication is as dynamic and face to face processes and also as importance criteria of healthy people plane of 2010 Communication between patient and nurses brings an opportunity to speed treatment rate. This study aimed at educational intervention to improve interpersonal communication among nurses based on BASNEF Methods: This Quasi experimental study was carried out among 20 nurses Bo-Ali hospital. The intervention includes: making several group discussion for all nursing personals and also giving them self-learning package about effective interpersonal communication. At last data were analyzed by Paired T- test in SPSS software. Results: According to the findings this survey reveals that ,there was significant difference between knowledge and attitude of nurses before and after intervention(P<0.05).based on nurses the most important factors as enabling factors to communicate interpersonal, were greeting, eye contact ,and empathy. This factors also were increased after intervention (P<0.05). Conclusion: Implementation of educational intervention based on cultural perspective is accessible to empowerment nurses for an effective interpersonal communication way. Communication skills; BASNEF Model; Nurses http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-55-en.html http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-55-en.pdf