@article{ author = {Mansouri, Fatemeh}, title = {Non-invasive Prenatal Testing: New Prospects to Personalized Prenatal Medicine}, abstract ={Recent works have discovered, the focus on prenatal diagnosis have now opened up new start for a more detailed analysis of fetal genetics and genomics. The non-invasive diagnostic techniques are safe and effective tools that can provide a greater understanding of the fetus development and progresses, genetic fetal disorders and new approaches for treatment. There is growing evidence that the fetal assessment using transcriptomic analyses such as cell-free DNA and RNA molecules in the mater­nal blood are critical biomarkers for prenatal diagnosis. Transcriptoms are stable and present in blood circulation and amniotic fluid from pregnant women and rapidly growing number of reports of these molecules as biomarkers for various diseases and can be regulated by different stage of pregnancy. The objectives of this review are I) explain the advances in molecular testing for analyzing fetal development and progress for prenatal diagnostics. II) Provide a summary of application and type of genetic material to personalized prenatal medicine. Therefore analysis of the transcriptome will help to overcome some of the limitations of current methods to attain ensure the quality and safety of the test and led to reduction invasive procedures and miscarriage.}, Keywords = {Prenatal testing, Personalized medicine, Non-invasive}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-10}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.29252/aums.8.1.1}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-880-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-880-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {GolshanTafti, Mohmmmad and Karbaliezadeh, Mohamm}, title = {Intravenous Fluid Therapy Accompanied with Phototherapy in Neonates with Hyperbilirubinemia: A Randomized Control Trial Study}, abstract ={Background: Hyperbilirubinemia is common complaint in neonatal medicine and most of neonates were involved. Intravenous (IVFT) fluid therapy can decrease neonatal needs to blood exchange and hospitalization in accompanied with phototherapy. Present control trial was designed for determining the impacts of IVFT fluid therapy accompanied with phototherapy in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia. Methods: Present parallel randomized double blinded control trial study was performed on fifty term infants of two educational hospitals during six months between January and June 2015. Study intervention was getting 70 cc/kg IV fluid (mixture of 33.3%normal saline and 66.6% dextrose serum) more than phototherapy. Study object was assessment of impact of IV fluid therapy on serum bilirubin of neonates with hyperbilirubinemia. Outcome was decrease in serum bilirubin level of neonates. Neonates were allocated to the trial groups randomly with table of accidental numbers. Results: Finally 25 neonates in case and 25 neonates in control group included into analysis. Total Serum Bilirubin (TSB) was checked eight hours after study begging and continues daily until achieving to less than 12 mg/dl. Complete blood cells and group, maternal and infants Rh, direct combs test, reticulocyte count , total and direct bilirubin were measured accompanied with TSB. There was no significant differences in serum level of bilirubin between study groups in first eight hours, first and second day. Mean of hospital stay duration between two study groups had no significant differences. Conclusion: IV fluid therapy had not significant therapeutic effects on TSB in neonates but it can be used for treatment of dehydration.}, Keywords = {IV fluid therapy, Hyperbilirubinemia, Phototherapy}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {11-16}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.29252/aums.8.1.11}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-881-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-881-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Nikdoost, Fariba and Tahmouresi, Niloufar and AbaspoorAzar, Zahr}, title = {The Predicting Perceived Stress Based on Cognitive Emotion Regulation and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation in Patients with Obesity}, abstract ={Background: Apart from important role of unhealthy eating patterns on eating-related problems (i.e. obesity and eating disorders), the underlying processes of such eating patterns are not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to predicting perceived stress based on cognitive emotion regulation and difficulties in emotion regulation in patients with obesity. Materials and Methods: The descriptive- correlation method was used. The statistical population consists of all the patients with obesity refer to counseling centers, nutrition and treatment regimen of Karaj city in 1396 to 49817 patients with obesity. According to Cochran formula, participants in this analytical study were consisted of 381 obese individuals with a Body Mass Index (BMI) higher than 30 Kg/m2. The convenience sampling method was used in this research. Data collection tools included three valid and reliable scales global measure of perceived stress of Cohen and et al (1983) cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire of Granefski and et al(2002) and difficulties in emotion regulation scale of Gratz and Roemer (2004). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multi regression analysis. Results: Findings showed that there was a significant correlation between perceived stress with cognitive emotion regulation and difficulties in emotion regulation in patients with obesity (P<0/01). Regression analysis indicated that cognitive emotion regulation and difficulties in emotion regulation play a significant role in explaining perceived stress in patients with obesity (P<0/01). Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of cognitive emotion regulation and emotion regulation as a key risk factor in unhealthy eating patterns. Moreover, the restrictive eating patterns and binge eating patterns difference each other in terms of cognitive emotion regulation and difficulties in emotion regulation. Treatment interventions must address the cognitive emotion regulation and difficulties in emotion regulation and include the strategies to cope with obesity.  }, Keywords = {Perceived stress, Cognitive emotion regulation, Difficulties in emotion regulation, Obesity}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {17-26}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.29252/aums.8.1.17}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-882-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-882-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {AsghariBijargah, Sahar and Alirezaei, Masoud and Dezfoulian, Omi}, title = {Evaluation of Olive Leaf Extract Effects on Functional and Structural Changes of Liver Tissue Following Lipopolysaccharide Administration in Rats}, abstract ={Background: Olive leaves are considered as significant sources of bioactive phenolic compounds with superior antioxidant capacity, anti-inflammatory and radical scavenging. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of olive leaf extract on liver tissue following LPS administration. Materials and Methods: 28 male Wistar rats were divided into control group, LPS, olive leaf extract 40mg/kg BW plus LPS and olive leaf extract 60mg/kg BW plus LPS groups. Control and LPS groups were treated with distilled water and olive leaf extract 40 & 60 mg/kg groups were administrated with olive leaf extract as oral for ten consecutive days. LPS and olive leaf extract  groups (40 and 60 mg/kg ) received LPS (Salmonella typhosa,once 5mg/kg) in the 11th  day as intraperitoneally. Results: LPS-induced hepatotoxicity was manifested by a significant elevation in serum levels of ALT and AST enzyme activities and triglyceride concentration in comparision with the control group (P<0.001). Olive leaf extract supplementation, significantly decreased serum activity of ALT and AST enzymes and triglyceride concentration. Conclusion: Therefore, it seems olive leaf extract containing oleuropein, is able to prevent LPS-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.}, Keywords = {Olive leaf extract, Oleuropein, Lipopolysaccharide, Oxidative stress, Liver}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {27-34}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.29252/aums.8.1.27}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-883-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-883-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Naderifarjad, Zahra and Yousofi, Nourodin and Ebadi, Sam}, title = {Teaching Foreign Language to Down Syndrome: Case Study of An Iranian Girl}, abstract ={Introduction: Although much individual variability exists, most persons with Down Syndrome (DS) experience marked expressive language delays and challenges with speech production, hearing, and verbal memory that may negatively affect literacy development. There is a paucity of research regarding intervention literacy programs in their first language; however, there appears to be no comprehensive study about learning to read in a second language. The current study tries to develop a program for these individuals to gain literacy in second language as well as the first language. Method: This was a longitudinal case study. The intervention started with teaching English alphabets .The study was done in three phases. Each phase was based on previous phase findings. Each session was recorded with the camera. Another tool of data gathering was researchers' diaries. Collecting data by filming sessions provided the opportunity to analyze sessions extensively. Results: The result of the study showed that the case of the study gained the ability to recognize the letters and read them. This study shows that children with DS can be taught to read English words. The authors describe intervention literacy program that used a hybrid approach to reading instruction combining whole-word (i.e., visual) and analytic (i.e., phonic or sound-based) reading strategies. Conclusion: Despite the genetic, cognitive and memory problems people with Down syndrome have the ability to learn English and read second language words. It seems that intensive interventions and exploitation of the strengths of these individuals such as the reduction of pressure on working memory and using visual memory and multisensory techniques can work. This study has many applications for medical professionals, teachers and parents.}, Keywords = {Down syndrome, Foreign language literacy, Multisensory method}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {35-44}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.29252/aums.8.1.35}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-884-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-884-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Amirkabiri, Alireza and MokhlesabadiFarahani, Zahra and Rahimzadeh, Mitra and MokhlesabadiFarahani, Tahereh and AkbariKamrani, Mahnaz}, title = {The Relationship Between Occupational Exhaustion and Job Performance Among Nurses Working in Educational Centers of Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, abstract ={Introduction: Nurses includes a large part of the human resources of the health system, which plays an important role in continuing care and promotion of health, and affects the productivity of nursing staff throughout the organization. In this issue, the current survey aimed to investigate the relationship between occupational exhaustion and job performance among nurses working in educational centers of Alborz University of Medical Sciences. Material and Methods: A descriptive-correlational study was conducted on 216 nurses from selected educational centers of Alborz University of Medical Sciences between September 2015 and March 2016. To collect data, two standard questionnaires of Copenhagen occupational exhaustion and job performance were used. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficient under the SPSS v.19 program and at the significance level of less than 0.05. Results: The results of this study showed that there was a significant relationship between job exhaustion with dimensions (p = 0.013, r = -0.187), incentive (p = 0.009, r = -0.187) and validity (p = 0.027, r = -0.163). There is a significant relationship between job performance. The finding also showed that there is a significant relationship between occupational exhaustion and occupational exposure (p = 0.010, r = -0.189). Conclusion: Due to the direct relationship between occupational exhaustion and nursing practice, it is necessary to provide hospital managers with tools to improve nursing job exhaustion in the hospitals.}, Keywords = {Occupational exhaustion, Job performance, Individual burnout, Work-related exhaustion, Exhaustion related to client.}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {45-53}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.29252/aums.8.1.45}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-885-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-885-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Saffarpur, Mahshid and TahmasebiNamin, Yasaman and ShaikabaMehr, Amir Hossei}, title = {Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Dental Curing Light in Dental Offices Located in Karaj in 2016}, abstract ={Objective: Light-cured composites and restorative materials are widely used in dentistry. The success of restoration largely depends on the effectiveness of the curing light, including the duration of irradiation and wavelength. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of curing light devices routinely used in dental offices of Karaj in 2016. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 120 QTH and LED curing light devices used in Karaj dental offices were randomly evaluated. A standard questionnaire was used to collect the variables of the device type, age, and brand, number of repairs, reasons for repair, time of last repair, number of bulb replacements, time of last bulb replacement, device being fitted with a measure severity, duration of irradiation for each composite layer, frequency of using the equipment in a day, sterilization method, light intensity, and number of office days in a week. Data were analyzed with SPSS using Spearman correlation coefficient, independent t test, and chi-square at a level of 0.05%. Results: The results showed that the light intensity of all devices was above 200 mw/cm2. The light intensity of 11.1% of QTH devices was unfavorable while the light intensity of all LED devices was favorable.  The results showed a significant correlation between brand and light intensity, between the number of bulb replacement and device type, between the number of bulb replacements and light intensity, between the number of bulb replacements and clinical age of the device, and between the number of repairs and the device type (P≤0.05). There was no significant relationship between the device type and repair reason. The results also showed an indirect relationship between the clinical age of the device and light intensity. A significant difference was found in light intensity between QTH and LED devices. Conclusion: The light intensity of 11.1% of QTH devices was unfavorable, and the main reason for repair was tip breakage. Light intensity decreased with an increase in the clinical age of the device; therefore, regular quality control and timely bulb replacement are of great importance.}, Keywords = {Curing light equipment, Light intensity, Resin-based composite}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {54-60}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.29252/aums.8.1.54}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-886-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-886-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {GolshanTafti, Mohammad and Eftekhari, Faezeh and Shajari, Ahmad and Hashemipour, eyed Mohammad Ami}, title = {The Effects of Probiotics on Indirect Bilirubin Level in the Infants with Neonatal Jaundice}, abstract ={Objective: At the beginning of the birth, due to an increase in enterohepatic cycle, the baby is at high risk for jaundice, leading to a physiologic jaundice. Although phototherapy is a safe treatment, it can lead to complications such as hyperthermia, erythematous rashes, inflammatory fluids, and diarrhea. Thus, a new therapeutic approach to lowering the level of bilirubin and also reducing the need for phototherapy can be According to the studies, probiotics (pedilact) regulate intestinal function of the enterohepatic vasculature and therefore may be effective in the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of probiotics on indirect indirect bilirubin levels in the blood. Material and Methods: This analytical study was carried out using clinical parallels and parallelism with B & A design the study population consisted of 80 neonates with Hyperbilirubinemia who were randomly divided into two groups of exposed and non-invasive subjects. Non-existent group members were treated with phototherapy only and the newborns in the exposure group received 5 drops of probiotics daily for discharge until they were received. Data were analyzed using SPSS 17 software and independent t-test, paired t-test and ANOVA Results: The mean of indirect bilirubin reduction on the first day was 3.4 mg / dl in the phototherapy group and 3.5 mg / dl in the phototherapy + probiotic group and was not significant with p-value of 949.0. The mean of indirect bilirubin reduction per day The second one was 6.3 mg / dl in the phototherapy group and 7.mg / dl in the phototherapy + probiotic group, which was more than the phototherapy group and had no significance with p-value = 0.177. Indirect bilirubin reduction on day 3 of the phototherapy group / 6mg / dl in the phototherapy + probiotic group was 7.1 mg / dl, which is more than phototherapy group and does not have significant significance with p-value=0.618. Conclusion: The mean of bilirubin reduction in the phototherapy + probiotic group is slightly higher than that in the phototherapy group but is not statistically significant.}, Keywords = {Probiotics, Neonatal Jaundice, Indirect Bilirubin Reduction}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {61-68}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.29252/aums.8.1.61}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-887-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-887-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Ahmadinejad, Mojtaba and BahramiBabaheidari, Touran and NabiAmjad, Reza and Hashemi, Ali and Moqadasi, Mitr}, title = {A Case Report of Acute Eosinophilic Appendicitis}, abstract ={Introduction: Acute eosinophilic appendicitis (AEA) is a rare disease with unknown pathophysiology. Case Report: A 42-years old woman with acute abdominal pain referred to emergency department. Appendicitis confirmed after laboratory tests and sonography. She had a history of allergic reaction 45 days ago while tongue and throat were swollen. In alb test WBC was 7700 with PMN 60%, eosinophils 12% and Lymphocytes  28%. Conclusion: Considering hypersensitivity in physical exam is a suitable way to determine and treatment and preventing of consequent gastro-intestinal complications.}, Keywords = {Appendicitis, Eosinophil, Hypersensitivity, Case report}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {69-74}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.29252/aums.8.1.69}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-888-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-888-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Karami, Shabnam and Firoozeh, Farzaneh and Saffari, Mahmoud and AmeliZamani, Kambiz}, title = {Post-cataract Surgery Endophthalmitis by Multidrug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa : Case Report}, abstract ={Introduction: Endophthalmitis is the most devastating complications of cataract surgery that can lead to visual loss, blindness and death in severe cases. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram negative rod that known to cause keratitis and endophthalmitis. The emergence of multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains is a serious problem. The treatment of endophthalmitis by multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains is very difficult due to the limitation for the choice of effective antibiotic. Case Presentation: A 63-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with severe pain and blurred vision. She had (PE+PCIOL) surgery in her right eye three days ago. Endophthalmitis was diagnosed and the Pseudomonas aeruginosa was identified in culture. The study of antimicrobial resistance pattern showed the Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain was multidrug resistant.  After vitrectomy the patient had vision loss and finally the severe vitreous reaction led to death. Conclusion: Pseudomonas aeruginosa endophthalmitis is a rapidly progressive infection and associated with sight loss. The treatment of multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa endophthalmitis is difficult and rapid treatment with appropriate antibiotic according to determination of antimicrobial resistance pattern is essential.}, Keywords = {Endophthalmitis, cataract surgery, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, antibiotic resistance}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {75-78}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.29252/aums.8.1.75}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-889-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-889-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Sajjadian, Negar and Shajari, Hamideh}, title = {Etiology of Early Neonatal Death, An Implication for Intervention}, abstract ={Background: Neonatal mortality is accounted for significant percentage of under 5 year old mortality rate. In spite of decline in child mortality rate and with huge progress in the field of neonatal medicine, neonatal and specially early neonatal death are one of the important causes of infant mortality rate so evaluating the causes of neonatal death and specially early neonatal death is very important in every geographic area .Therefore we decided to evaluate the early neonatal mortality rate and find out their etiologies in one of the referral hospital in Tehran. Methods: This is a retrospective and descriptive study which had been done In neonatal ward and neonatal intensive care unit of Shariati hospital during 8 years. All neonates who were born in this time period and expired within first week of life were evaluated for causes and time of death .registered information were analyzed. Results: 2050 neonates were born and 189 early neonatal death were recorded. More than half of dead neonates were under 2500 gram weight at birth and the most prevalent cause of death were respiratory diseases and then congenital anomalies. Conclusion: Because the most important cause of early neonatal death was low birth weight, maternal support during pregnancy and appropriate monitoring of fetal weight and health play an important role in declining neonatal mortality .Proper intervention for treatment of neonatal respiratory diseases will decrease neonatal death.}, Keywords = {Neonate, Neonatal mortality, Low birth weight}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {79-84}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.29252/aums.8.2.79}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-919-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-919-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {GolshanTafti, Mohmmmad and Dehshiri, Fatemeh}, title = {Evaluation of the Relative Frequency of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in 6-Year-Old Children with Low Birth Weight in Yazd}, abstract ={Introduction: ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) is a neuro-behavioral syndrome that is characterized by a lack of attention, irritability, high activity, distressed behaviors, especially in boys. Materials and Methods: A cohort study was conducted on 120 children aged 6 years. 60 children with low birth weight (less than 2500 g) as exposed group and 60 children with birth weight more than 3000 g as non-cohort Exposure to information collection was collected through a questionnaire distributed to families. At the end of the study, the relative frequency of hyperactivity and attention deficit disorders in low birth weight children was investigated Results: The relative frequency of composite ADHD in the exposed group was 26/7% and in the non-exposed group was 18/3% (P-value: 0/274). The mean ADHD of the compound type in the exposure group was 5/060 and in the non-exposed group was 3/400 (P value: 0/033). In this study, the relative frequency of composite ADHD in terms of sex, feeding during infancy and birth was considered. The results showed that the p value was not significantly different, but probably not due to the quantitative size of the sample. Conclusion: Relative frequency of composite ADHD in children with low birth weight was 26/7%, but this level was not statistically significant, ie, ADHD is not associated with low birth weight. But in terms of medicine, this relative frequency is almost 1/5 times higher than the non-exposed group.}, Keywords = {ADHD, Low Birth Weight, Birth Weight, Neonatal Nutrition}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {85-96}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.29252/aums.8.2.85}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-920-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-920-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {FatemiAbhari, Marzie and Musai, Maysam}, title = {Effect of Genetic and Environmental Factors on Obesity in Children (Case Study: Qom City)}, abstract ={In this study we answer this main question: what extent genetic and environmental factors affect children obesity? Research methodology in this article is a survey method. For data collection, 384 children between 6-12 years old have been randomly selected from girl’s and boy’s primary schools in Qom city. Descriptive and inferential statistics are used for analysis. Findings show that 19% of children under study are overweight and 13.2% are obese and remaining has normal weight. Overweight and obesity is observed more in boys than girls, also this study shows that there is a significant relationship between genders, physical activity, fast food consumption, sleep debt, parental BMI and rate of the prevalence of childhood obesity, but there is not a significant relationship between age, family income and mother education level. So some effective factors that can be controlled must be considered like food type, physical activity and quality and quantity of children’s sleep and necessary actions must be taken under planning two main factors.}, Keywords = {Children, Obesity, Overweight, BMI}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {97-106}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.29252/aums.8.2.97}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-921-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-921-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Tari, Mohsen and FallahMohammadi, Ziy}, title = {Assessment of Cerebellar Metabolites Levels in Athletes Compared to Non-Athlete by Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy}, abstract ={Background: Adaptability to exercise training can increase the plasticity of the brain, and whether this can be due to a beneficial change in the neurometabolites, is uncertain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate basal metabolic concentrations of cerebellum, including N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) and Cholin(Cho) in athletes and compare them with non-athlete subjects. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 10 young wrestlers (age,21.71±2.06 years; weight,71.31 ±5.59; BMI,23.9 ±1.04; VO2max,56.03 ±2.41) and a history of wrestling exercises of at least 4 years, from Available community as an athlete group and 9 people (age,21.16±1.94 years; BMI, 24.02±2.38; VO2max,41.25 ±2.45)They did not have a history of regular exercise as non-athletic groups, After conducting baseline assessments in the field of body composition  and aerobic fitness, both groups performed MRS test to determine the values of NAA and Cho. Data were analyzed using independent t-tests at significance level of p<0.05. Findings: In this study, the NAA/Cr levels of the athletes cerebellum (wrestlers) increased compared to the non-athlete group, and the results showed a significant difference between the two groups (0.047). However, the cerebellar Cho/ Cr levels of athletes and Non-athletes were not significantly different in spite of the increase (0.777). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study cerebellar neuro-metabolites in athletes showed higher levels compared to non-athlete groups.}, Keywords = {Cerebellum, Cho, HMRS, NAA, Wrestlers}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {107-115}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.29252/aums.8.2.107}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-922-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-922-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Naeimi, Sirous and Kaabi, Medisa and Ebadi, Ami}, title = {Investigation of Serum Level and IL-13 Genetic Variations in Positions +2044 G/A and -1512A/C in Southern Iranian Patients with H. Pylori}, abstract ={Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)is agramnegative bacterium thatcolonizes stomach mucosa andcausesupper gastrointestinal diseases.Interleukin-13 is a preventive immune cytokine produced by many immune cells. IL-13 gene is located on chromosome 5 q 25 bp. It has polymorphisms at positions -1512 A/ C and +2044 G/A, which are associated with the expression rate of this cytokine .The aim of this study is to investigate the serum level and polymorphisms of IL-13 gene in patients with H.pylori infection. Methods: In this case control study, DNA was isolated by salting out method from peripheral blood of 150 patients with H.pylori infection diagnosed by an expert. PCR-RFLP was used to examine polymorphisms of IL-13 gene . The results were compared with 150 healthy controls by SPSS software and Chi-square test.Tostudy, the serum levels of IL-13 cytokine, serum samples of 40 patients and 40 controls were prepared and examined using ELISA kit. Results: According to the findings, there is a significant difference in (CI: 06/1-09/0, OR 32.0 MB) GA (P = 0/005) and (08/1-52/0: CI, OR: 45.0) GG (P = 0/045) genotypes at A/2044 G +, position between patients and the control group. No significant differences were observed at the position of -1512 A/C. Also, no significant differences were seen between serum level of IL-13 cytokine and H. pylori disease (P >. 0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results obtained, it seems that GA and GG genotypes of interleukin-13 gene at position 2044+ make people more susceptible to H. pylori infection.}, Keywords = {H.Pylori, Genotype, IL-13 Gene, Polymorphism}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {116-125}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.29252/aums.8.2.116}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-923-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-923-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Amirkabiri, Alireza and Hojati, Masoumeh and EsmaeiliAbdar, Zahr}, title = {A study of The Effect of Empowerment on Knowledge Management with the Mediating Role of Information Technology in Alborz University of Medical Sciences, 2018}, abstract ={Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the Effect of Empowerment of Employees on Knowledge Management with the Mediating Role of Information Technology. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 93 Employees in Alborz University of Medical Sciences, by random sampling in 2018. Information technology, knowledge management, and empowerment data were carried out using check list and standard questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done using correlation, regression method and pathway analysis in SPSS and PLS software. Results: The results showed that university staffs have high scores in the information technology (107) and empowerment (55). However, poor knowledge management skills (2.7) were obtained. There was a significant relationship between empowerment and knowledge management directly and indirectly. Conclusion: The results indicated that the empowerment of employees through information technology would improve the knowledge management; this will make the university progress.}, Keywords = {Empowerment, Knowledge Management, Information Technology, Pathway analysis}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {126-134}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.29252/aums.8.2.126}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-924-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-924-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {FarmaniShahreza, Shiva and Khani, Samira and GhaedaniayJahromi, Ali and Imani, Saee}, title = {Effectiveness of Cognitive-Existential Therapy on Fatigue, Demoralization Syndrome and Perceived Stress in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS)}, abstract ={Introduction: Background and Aim: Multiple sclerosis is one of the most common chronic diseases in the central nervous system, which affects the physical and psychological complications of the disease and its associated stress all aspects of the patient's life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of ontological cognitive therapy on fatigue, morbidity and perceived stress symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis. Materials and Methods: The method of the present study was experimental design with pretest and post-test design with control group. The statistical population of this study included all people with illness who referred to Iran Society of Iran in the spring of 2016-17, with 24 patients MS patients were selected as sample based on objective sampling based on semi-structured interviews and randomly divided into two groups of intervention (12 subjects) and control (n = 12). The intervention group received 10 weekly sessions on the effectiveness of Cognitive-Existential Therapy. The instruments used were Kissane's demoralization Syndrome (2004), Fatigue Scale and Perception Stress Questionnaire (Coon et al., 1983). Multi-variable covariance analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: The experimental and control groups were based on demographic characteristics of age (years) (P <0/65), duration of diagnosis (years) (P <0/87), marital status (P <0/56), level Education (P<0/57), job status (P<0/45) were homogenized. Cognitive-Existential Therapy was used to decrease the scores of physical Fatigue (P<0.01, F=12.45), cognitive fatigue (P<0.01, F=14.35)  social Fatigue (P<0.01, F= 8.13),  and demoralization Syndrome (P<0.01 , F= 41.28)  perceived stress (P <0.01 , F=25.75) were effective. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that using Cognitive-Existential Therapy has been able to improve the status of fatigue, demoralization syndrome e and perceived stress in patients with multiple sclerosis and promote their general health. Therefore, it can be used as an effective interventional technique for improving fatigue, demoralization syndrome and stress symptoms in patients with MS.}, Keywords = {Cognitive-Existential Therapy, Fatigue, demoralization syndrome, Perceived stress, Multiple sclerosis}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {135-149}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.29252/aums.8.2.135}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-925-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-925-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Tajoddini, Emrah and Sepehrianazar, Firouzeh and Soleymani, Esmail}, title = {Comparative Studying of Cognitive, Emotional and Social factors in the Psychological Problems of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis and Healthy People}, abstract ={Background and Aim: multiple sclerosis is a degenerative disease of central nervous system that causes a lot of psychological problems. the aim of this study was to investigate the cognitive, emotional and social factors in the psychological problems of patients with multiple sclerosis and healthy people. Material and Methods: the method of this study was descriptive from its comparative casual types. Statistical population of this study was all of patients with multiple sclerosis were referred to M.S association in the urmia. Sample of this study was 40 patients with multiple sclerosis were referred to M.S association in the urmia and selected by available sampling method. Data were analyzed by Multivariate Analysis of Variance and one-way analysis of variance. Results: The results of this study showed that there is significant deference between two groups in the variables of looming maladaptive style (F=6/526, sig:0/002), negative problem-orientation (F=4/26, sig:0/04), interpersonal emotion regulation (F=3/195, sig:0/02), emotional processing styles (F=2/503, sig:0/04), social desirability (F=18/29, sig:0/000) and rejection sensitivity (F=4/00, sig:0/049) and patients with multiple sclerosis get the higher scores in these variables but there is no differences between two groups in meta-worry. Conclusion: Many psychological problems that these patients experience are in part as a result of cognitive, emotional and social factors that have been studied in current study. Then, paying attention to these factors in the etiology and treatment of psychological problems of these patients can be a useful step in the reducing of these problems and improving of mental health in the patients.}, Keywords = {Multiple sclerosis, Cognitive factors, Emotional factors, Social factors}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {150-164}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.29252/aums.8.2.150}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-926-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-926-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Soltani, Edris and Turkman, Farah}, title = {Understanding Sexual Addiction in Connection with the Perception of Sexual Addicts}, abstract ={Background and Purpose: Sexual addiction includes actions, imaginations, and sexual attitudes It's very difficult to control it for a sex addict, and this leads to serious issues in their individual and social life. The present study, entitled Understanding Sexual Addiction in Connection with the Self-Concept of Sexual Addicts, seeks to examine the categories that have been formed in the experience of sex addicts. Materials and Methods: The method used in this research is qualitative and has been used in the research process from Grounded Theory. Data were collected using participatory observation method and deep interview technique.     Finding: According to the purposeful sampling method and theoretical sampling and theoretical saturation criterion, 40 sex addicts participated in the research. According to the findings of this research, four categories including "fidelity and consolation, imposed isolation, self-reflection, and unstable trust" were developed. The results of the study showed that the sexual activity of addicted sex addicts is strongly influenced by their experiences and family-environmental interactions that this sexual activity has been exacerbated by the continuing illiteracy of the sex addicts due to the poor functioning of other social institutions such as educational and legal institutions. Discussion: Accordingly, four categories of research data were tied around the core of the "negative self-concept reinforcement sex addiction" core.  }, Keywords = {Sexual addiction, Social action, Self-concept, Sexual dysfunction, Sexual hyperactivity}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {165-176}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.29252/aums.8.2.165}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-927-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-927-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Zarei, Fatemeh and Mousavifard, Seyedeh Azar and Mahmoudi, Tayebeh and AllahAlvandian, Vajiah}, title = {The Effect of Ergonomics Training on Reducing the Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Dentists in Karaj}, abstract ={1.   Spielholz P B, Silvestein M. Morgan. Compartion of self-report, video observation and direct measurement methods for upper extermity musceloskeletal disorder physical risk factor. Ergonomics  2001;44(6):588-613. 2.   Chobineh A, Soleimani E, Daneshmandi H, Mohamadbeigi A, ezadi Kh. The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and postural assessment dentists in Shiraz in Rula method. . Journal of Dental Dentists  2013;24(4):310-7. 3.   ARTÊNIO JOSÉ ÍSPER GARBIN, GABRIELLA BARRETO SOARES, RENATO MOREIRA ARCIERI, CLÉA ADAS SALIBA GARBIN, CARLOS EDUARDO SIQUEIRA. Musculoskeletal Disorders and Perception of working condition. A survey of brazilian Dentists in SA~O PAULO. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health  2017;30(3):367 - 77. 4.   A. S. Arthisri, Ashish R. Jain, Jacob Mathew Philip, C. J. Venkata Krishnan, Chitraa R. Chandran. Site Predilection of Occupational Musculoskeletal Complaints among Dental Practitioners in Chennai City. Biol Med (Aligarh). 2017;9(1):1-6. 5.   Ahmad Alghadir, Hamayun Zafar, Zaheen A. Iqbal. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders among dental professionals in Saudi Arabia. J Phys Ther Sci. 2015;27 1107-12. 6.   N. Dehghan, AR. Choobineh, J. Hasanzadeh. Interventional ergonomic study to correct and improve working postures and decrease discomfort in assembly workers of an electronic industry. Iran Occupational Health 2012-2013; 9( 4):71-9. 7.   A quantitative assessment of low back pain in dentistry Regina Pope-Ford. 6th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2015) and the Affiliated Conferences. 2015:4761 - 8. 8.   Garbin AJIaea. Dental students’ knowledge of ergonomic postural requirements and their application during clinical care. . Eur J Dent Educ. 2011;15:31-5. 9.   Sartorio Faea. Work-related musculoskeletal diseases in dental professionals.Prevalence and risk factors. G Ital Med Lav Ergon. 2005;27(2):165-9. 10. Rucker LaSS. Ergonomic risk factors associated with clinical dentistry. 2009. 11. Nasl sersgei J, Hoseini MH, Shahtaheri SJ, Golbabaei F, Ghasemkhani M. Ergonomic posture Dental Practitioners in city of Birjand. Journal of Dentistry Tehran University of Medical Sciences 2005;18(1):61-7. 12. Nasl sersgei J MH. Check the status of the work in the manner Birjand Dental Practitioners with REBA method. Thesis No 3376 Master of Occupational Health Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences 1. 13. Lahmi M, Saremi M. Assessment of Musculoskeletal Disorders Dentistry, Shahed University with REBA method and by providing the right solution. MS Thesis N1704320, University of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modarres university. 14. Beach JC. Assessment of ergonomic education  in dental hygiene curricula. J Dent Educ. 1998;62(6):421-5. 15. Yektaei T, Tabatabaei ghomshe F, Piri L. Effects of ergonomic principles of musculoskeletal disorders in computer users. Rehabilitation Research Paper. 2013; 13 (4) . 16. Naser Dehghan, Mashallah Aghilinejad, Mohammad Hassan Nassiri-Kashani, Ziba Amiri, Atefeh Talebi. The effect of a multifaceted ergonomic intervention program on reducing musculoskeletal disorders in dentists. Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)iran University of Medical Sciences. 2016. 17. Mohammad Ali Mohseni-Bandpei, Nahid Rahmani, Faezeh Halimi, Muhammad Nazim Farooq. The prevalence of low back pain in Iranian dentists: An epidemiological study. Pak J Med Sci. 2017;33( 2):280-5. 18. Hamed Nadri, Amir Nadri, Bita Rohani, Fatemeh Fasih Ramandi, Mohsen Amin Sobhani, Iman Naseh. Assessment of Musculoskeletal Disorders Prevalence and Body Discomfort among Dentists by Visual Analog Discomfort Scale. j Dent of Mashhad UMS. 2015;39(4):363-72. 19. Khan SA, Chew KY. Effect of working characteristics and taught ergonomics on the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders amongst dental students. BMC musculoskeletal disorders. 2013;14(1):118.       Fatemeh Zarei1 , Seyedeh Azar Mousavifard1*, Tayebeh Mahmoudi2, Vajiah Allah Alvandian2   MSc of Occupational Health, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Health, Safety and Environment Research Center (RCHSE), Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Expert of Occupational Health, Deputy of Health of Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran                                                                                   *Corresponding Author: MSc of Occupational Health, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Health, Safety and Environment Research Center (RCHSE), Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran   Tel: 09123617470 E-mail: parszad@gmail.com Fatemeh zarei1,Azar mousavifard4* 1.  MSc of Occupational Health, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran 2. Health, Safety and Environment Research Center (RCHSE), Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran 3. Expert of Occupational Health, Deputy of Health of Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Fatemeh zarei1,Azar mousavifard4* 1.  MSc of Occupational Health, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran 2. Health, Safety and Environment Research Center (RCHSE), Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran 3. Expert of Occupational Health, Deputy of Health of Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran                                                                                                           *Corresponding Author:     Tel: 021- E-mail:                                                   *Corresponding Author:     -    Email: researchgroups@yahoo.com                                                                           *Corresponding Author: Department of Internal Medicine, Shaid Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran   Tel:  0-   E-mail:                                                         *Corresponding Author: Mona Pourghaderi       Tel:02632558934 E-mail: pourghaderi2601@yahoo.com   The Effect of Ergonomics Training on Reducing the Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Dentists in Karaj   Received: 12 Feb. 2018; Accepted: 20 Aug. 2018     Abstract       Background: The most common work-related disorders are Musculoskeletal disorders. This disorder have a high incidenceamong dentists in the world . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of education in correction posture and reduce work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Methods: 60 dentists from Karaj city were examined In this Cross - sectional study in three groups(control ،traning with pamphlet، training face to face ). Musculoskeletal disorders investigated  with Nordic Questioner and REBA method. Data evaluated with paired t- test and ANOVA . Results: 60% of those who participated in this study have discomfort in your neck in the last 12 months. Neck pains have had a negative effect on 7/41% of dentist's activities. 40% of participants in the study suffered from shoulder disorders and 75% of participants suffered from back pain.70.4% of participate says the main cause of these disorders are their job. 50% of dentists suffering from wrist pain and the pain have been more common in the right wrist naturally. Conclusion: There was no significant difference between groups in the analysis of variance, As well Age and work experience of the three groups showed no significant difference. Training (face to face) and Education Pamphlet groups have been influential in face to face training and education with pamphlet and able to have a positive effect on the posture of Dentists a little.}, Keywords = {WMSDs, Dentists, Musculoskeletal pain, Work - related disorders}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {177-184}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.29252/aums.8.2.177}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-928-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-928-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Saberi, Zohreh and Edalatmanesh, Mohammad Ami}, title = {The Effect of Gallic Acid on Cognitive Dysfunctions with Intrauterine Growth Restriction in Rats}, abstract ={Background: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) lead to abnormalities in fetal central nervous system, till hippocampal and cortical cells became apoptotic. The goal of this research is investigating the effects of Gallic acid on improvement of cognitive impairments and nuclear factor kappa B (NFƙB) in animal model of IUGR. Material and Methods: In this experimental study, 32 female rats from wistar race with weighing approximately 180±25g were divided into 4 groups of 7 .Control group: that did not receive any treatment . IUGR group: To induce IUGR of pregnant rats were under 50 % restricted diet from the 14th day of pregnancy to childbirth. Experimental groups 1 and 2: pregnant rats subjected to a 50 % dietary restriction for induction IUGR from 14th day of pregnancy to childbirth and from 12th day of pregnancy to the birth of newborns, received 200 and 400 mg/kg gallic acid doses daily by gavage method. After the birth of pups, morphological evaluations were checked. Then, in 30 postnatal days working and passive avoidance tests and anxiety test were assessed. The serum level of NFƙB was analyzed by ELISA. Results: The working memory and fear-based memory of IUGR rats was reduced significantly compared to the controls. In addition restricted diet leads to increase in NFƙB and anxiety levels. Gallic acid was ameliorated working and fear-based memories and reduced serum level of NFƙB and anxiety in treated rats. Conclusion: The findings suggest that restricted diet during pregnancy can cause behavioral cognitive disorders in rats. This is likely due to increased levels of pro-apoptic cytokine such as NFƙB. The results also suggest that the neuroprotective effect of Gallic acid is likely to improve memory disorders in IUGR rat model.}, Keywords = {Gallic acid, Cognitive Disorders, Intrauterine Growth Restriction, NFƙB, Rat}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {185-199}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.29252/aums.8.2.185}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-929-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-929-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Falah, Mohammad Ali}, title = {Ureterogluteal Fistula Following Ureteral Penetrating Trauma: Case Report}, abstract ={Introduction: Traumatic injuries of the ureter constitute only 1% of the total traumatic injury of the genitourinary tract. Most penetrating ureter injuries occur during surgery. Ureteral injuries in cases of external trauma are often accompanied by the injury of the adjacent visceral bodies and may be disturbed by the prevalence of manifestations and signs of injury to other viscera. In cases where penetrating ureter trauma is neglected, the patient complaints of signs & symptoms of ureteral damage later. Among these complications, the formation of the fistula between the ureter and adjacent vessels, the vagina or skin rarely occurs. Patient presentation: The patient was a 56-year-old man who had come to our hospital with a history of falling on a rebar and entering the metal fractures in the right gluteal region about 20 days ago with a complaint of clear fluid leakage from the wound site. The patient was referred to another hospital at the time of the incident, and after discharge, he had no any symptoms. At that time, the result of the CT scan was normal. Several days after the initial accident, the patient went to our hospital with Transparent fluid leakage from wound site. An outflow fluid test showed urine. results of IVP and CT scan showed that there was a fistula between the ulcer site in the gluteal region  and ureter. After completing the tests, the patient was transferred to the operating room and ureter was repaired and the fluid leak was completely discontinued. Conclusion: The ureteral trauma in more than one-third of all cases of multiple trauma are not considered. Because the complications of neglected trauma are numerous and sometimes very risky, the surgeon in each case of penetrating abdominal trauma should consider the possibility of ureteral damage. Presentation of ureterogluteal fistula in published articles are rare. The purpose of this article is to introduce this rare case.}, Keywords = {Penetrating trauma, Ureterogluteal fistula, Ureter}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {200-205}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.29252/aums.8.2.200}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-930-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-930-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {HassanzadehMakoui, Reza and Moradlou, Maryam and Motamed, Nima and Khederlou, Hami}, title = {Comparison of the Clinical Manifestations of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Elderly and Non-elderly Patients Admitted to the Coronary Care Unit of Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital of Zanjan}, abstract ={Background and Objective: Coronary artery disease is the main cause of death in most societies, which is fatal symbol of acute myocardial infarction. Early diagnosis and treatment of this disease is the greatest impact on survival. But the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction has always been a challenge, particularly in elderly patients due to atypical manifestation. Since a large proportion of deaths is due to unawareness of the symptoms and delay in diagnosis Therefore, this study have been done to determine the clinical manifestation of acute myocardial infarction in elderly and non-elderly patients. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study of 65 elderly patients and 65 non-elderly patients were studied who had been hospitalized in the coronary care unit Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital of Zanjan after acute myocardial infarction. Checklist includes demographic, anthropometric and clinical symptoms were completed. The data were analyzed using the software SPSS23. Results: In elderly patient, the frequency of atypical chest pain is 39.3% and absence of pain is 14.3%. This results for non-elderly patient is 15.6% and 6.3%, respectively (P-value=0.02). The frequency of atypical pain in elderly women is more than elderly men, significantly (P-value=0.057). The frequency of atypical pain in the diabetic elderly and non-elderly patients is more than non-diabetic patients. Conclusion: The prevalence of atypical pain or absence of chest pain is more in women than in men, the elderly compared to non-elderly and in patients with diabetes than in non-diabetic patients.}, Keywords = {Acute Myocardial Infarction, Clinical Manifestation, Elderly, Non-Elderly}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {207-215}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.29252/aums.8.3.207}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-952-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-952-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Sadati, Leila and NouriKhaneghah, Zahra and FaryabAsl, Mohammad and Elahi, Ahmad and Karami, Sahar and Nosrati, Sedigheh}, title = {Investigation of the Effect of Dressing by Using of Hydrogel Products Compared to Simple Dressing Method on the Wound Healing Process Caused by Pilonidal Cystectomy: One Blind Clinical Trial}, abstract ={Background: The choice of a suitable and ideal dressing for managing of pilonidal cystectomy wound with open technique is very valuable. Therefore, the present study was carried out to Investigation of the effect of dressing by using of hydrogel and alginate products compared to simple dressing method on the wound healing process caused by pilonidal cystectomy, the pain experienced by patients when changing dressing, the cost of treatment and the length of their absence from work. Methods: The present study is part of a clinical trial study. That was performed on 40 patients who were candidates of pilonidal. After random sampling, patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups, simple or alginates groups. After using two methods, the length and depth of the wound, each week, were measured and recorded for one month. Data were analyzed using SPSS 19 software with descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The wound healing from the third week in the modified modern dressing group showed a significant growth compared to the simple group (p <0.001). Also, the severity pain reduces after the second week in the alginate group in comparison of the simple group. In assessing the average costs and the number of absences from work, the total cost spent during a month, there was a significant difference between two groups, and on average, the patients in the alginate  group, returning to their work four days earlier. Conclusion: According to positive results of this study about applying the modern modified method to wound healing and patient recovery, it is recommended to use this technique in open  wound dressing.}, Keywords = {Simple dressing, Sinus pilonidal, Alginate, Hydrogel}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {216-224}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.29252/aums.8.3.216}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-953-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-953-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Akhtarkhavari, Tara and Naderloo, Behnam}, title = {The Prevalence of Risky Sexual Behaviors and Awareness of STDs Among Temporary Residents of Homeless Shelters in Tehran}, abstract ={Background: Risky sexual behaviors expose people to sexual transmitted diseases. These behaviors are usually common among homeless people, so educational programs would help them to avoid high risk behaviors. Understanding STD awareness and the common types of risky behaviors among homeless people would provide a good context for designing appropriate educational plans. Aim: This study was performed to evaluate the STD awareness and the prevalence of risky behaviors among temporary residents of homeless shelters in Tehran. Methods: This descriptive survey performed in 2017. The standard sample size was 306. Random sampling was adopted. A questionnaire containing 45 questions was used. The questionnaire had four categories including demographic data, STD awareness, risky sexual behaviors and opinion poll. For calculating descriptive statistics IBM SPSS Statistics v21. software was exerted. Results: The level of awareness among 80% of the cases was so poor and the most known STD was hepatitis B. About 64% percent of the cases had low literacy and all had at least one of the high risk behaviors. Violent sexual behavior was the most common trait and homosexual relationship was the least. Conclusion: Several factors endangering homeless people, including low level of knowledge about risky behaviors, being in a sexually active age range, illiteracy and attempting a high number of risky sexual behaviors. This study showed homeless shelters need codification of appropriate training workshops based on the level of awareness for each disease with considering illiteracy among homeless people.}, Keywords = {Reproductive Health, Homeless Persons, Sexual Behavior, Unsafe Sex}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {225-235}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.29252/aums.8.3.225}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-954-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-954-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Hatefnia, Effat and KarimpurAzar, Parvaneh and Kheiryat, Maryam}, title = {Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude of Students Alborz University of Medical Sciences Towards Educational Regulations}, abstract ={Objective: The educational regulations are the most important regulation of the University, because they are stimulant for the main activities of the University. As a result, before any action, it is necessary to be familiar with laws and regulations. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge and attitude of students of Alborz University of Medical Sciences of the rules and the training and education they need to be done. Design: The study population was included to all undergraduate students of Alborz University of Medical Sciences who wish had to participate in the study. The population sample was selected in proportion to the number of students in each discipline. The data collection tool was a questionnaire Researcher made which its validity and reliability was measured. The questionnaire after coordination with deputy Schools students from theywere asked to complete it within twenty minutes. Collected information is encoded in software spss version 19 enter the purposes of study, as well as descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: Results showed that the average awareness among the students of the three domains of educational regulations is 9/55± 5/48 and The mean attitude towards training regulations and the need to train them is19/24±3/47. Conclusion: According to low average student awareness of educational regulations, as well as being a positive attitude about the necessity and the need to hold training workshops in this regard there.}, Keywords = {Knowledge, Attitude, University, Educational regulations, Students}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {236-244}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.29252/aums.8.3.236}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-955-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-955-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Mahdavi, Fatemeh Soghra and IzadiAmoli, Rabieh and Oskooeian, Roghaye}, title = {Molecular Identification of icaA, icaB, icaC and icaD Genes in Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates Resistant to Methicillin}, abstract ={Background & Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common nosocomial pathogens with high mortality rates. The Biofilm-dependent methicillin-resistant S. aureus remains a major clinical concern in this group of patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the icaABCD forming biofilm genes in methicillin resistant isolates of S. aureus. Materials and Methods: In study was performed on 238 S. aureus isolates from various clinical specimens obtained from patients referring to Shohada hospital, Mahmudabad in 1396. Susceptibility test to methicillin was performed by disk diffusion agar according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. All Methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates were examined for phenotype biofilm formation and determination the icaABCD genes by using Congo red agar and PCR method. Results: The ability for biofilm formation in 33 (38%) methicillin-resistant isolates of S. aureus was showed strong 8 isolates (24.24%) as strong, 19 isolates (57. 57%) as average and 6 isolates (18.19 %) as weak. The prevalence of icaA, icaB, icaC, and icaB were 8%, 9%, 10% and 20% respectively. Conclusion: Our results indicated that the isolates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus were able to form biofilms and all four icaABCD genes were identified in these isolates.}, Keywords = {Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, icaABCD genes, Biofilm}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {245-252}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.29252/aums.8.3.245}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-956-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-956-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {NadealipoorGavir, Setare and Javadi, Ebrahim and Yazdanyar, Zahra and Sharif, Masoud and SarvarTaherabadi, Maryam}, title = {Vitamin D Deficiency in Referred Patients to the Fardis Central Laboratory in Karaj City}, abstract ={Background: Vitamin D is an important factor for bone growth. Vitamin D deficiency reduces absorption of calcium and causes rickets and also increases bone fragility. In addition, Vitamin D deficiency has exoskeleton side effects, such as increased risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, infections and autoimmune diseases. In most cases, vitamin D intake is not enough  in dietary food supplies. Furthermore, prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is increased due to the life style changes and lack of access to enough sun light and other sources of vitamin D. Present study, has been done to evaluation of Vitamin D deficiency in referred patients to Fardis central laboratory with ethnic diversity from 1393 to 1394. Methods: Samples were taken from referred patients to the laboratory. The patient  have no history of diseases such as diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, etc… Sampling was done randomly and patients were classified according to the age and sex. Individuals  receiving  calcium and vitamin D were excluded from this study. 100 girls and boy with  age 1 to 13 years, 400 males and females with age 14 to 45 years and 500 males and females with over 45 years of age were examined. Collecting samples were done daily. Vitamin D, calcium, phosphorous and PTH were measured in the day of the sampling. Results: According to the this survey we found that 15.5% of selected population had severe vitamin D deficiency , 45.1% had mild to moderate deficiency and 39.4% did not have vitamin D deficiency. Conclusion: Individuals with the same age but opposite sex had different status of vitamin D deficiency. So that, sever vitamin D deficiency was seen  in girls and women. Sever vitamin D deficiency was in girls 3.5 times more than boys. In addition, Sever vitamin D deficiency in women 14 to 45 years old compared with the men of the same age was 1.7 times and sever vitamin D deficiency in women with over 45 years of age compared with the men of the same age was 1.5 times more common. }, Keywords = {Vitamin D deficiency, Parathormone}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {253-262}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.29252/aums.8.3.253}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-957-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-957-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {BahramiBabaheidari, Touran and Tajvidi, Mansooreh and AminiSahneh, Yasman and HosseinagholiPoorEsfahanBonab, Neda and Farzan, Seyyed Mahdi and Kaki, Babak and Movasaghi, Mahshad and Nazari, Mahdi}, title = {A Comparative Study on the Attitude of Nurses and Patients Towards Euthanasia}, abstract ={Background: In recent years, due to the remarkable advances in medical science and the long-term livelihood of patients, a new concept of death has become important. These advances have changed the concept of death for people, doctors and nurses. The suffering of patients, on the one hand, and the heavy cost of treatment imposed upon patients or families, on the other hand, raise the issue of euthanasia. The purpose of this study was to determine the attitudes of nurses and patients towards euthanasia. Methodology: This study was descriptive-analytic in the second half of 1394 and to compare and compare the attitude of nurses and patients in relation to the euthanasia. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Results: The mean score of nurses' attitudes toward euthanasia was 54.89. So that 146 nurses had attitude score less than 60. Therefore, most nurses had a negative attitude toward euthanasia and did not agree with it. Also, in the group of patients, the mean score of attitude is 56.49, so that 131 patients had an attitude score of less than 60, which indicates that the group is opposed to euthanasia. Conclusion: Comparison of scores in the patients' and nurses' groups suggests that the nurses' group is opposed to the category of euthanasia.}, Keywords = {Death, Euthanasia, Attitude}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {263-271}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.29252/aums.8.3.263}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-958-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-958-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Kalantar, Enayat and Etebarian, Arghavan and Marashi, Seyed Mahmood Amin and Kabir, Koroush and Moradi, Aboozar and Shamosi, Atefe and Sheshpari, Tahere}, title = {Identification of Oral Strains of Lactobacillus species in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis and Healthy Individuals}, abstract ={Background and aim: Chronic periodontitis has been defined as an infectious disease resulting in inflammation within the dental supporting tissue, progressive attachment loss and bone resorption. Nowadays, with increasing microbial resistance, bacterial therapy is an alternative to prevent inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity, which regulates oral microbiota and eliminating pathogenic bacteria. The aim of this study was to identify oral Lactobacillus species and in patients with periodontitis and healthy individuals. Materials & Methods: Use of specific culture medium and restriction fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was applied to characterize oral lactobacillus in oral cavity samples (saliva, tongue, gingival plaque) from 59 healthy subjects and 59 patients with chronic periodontitis. The 16srDNA genes of lactobacillus .spp in samples were amplified by PCR with universal primers. Sequencing performed to confirm the species. Results: Out Of 354 examined isolates, 254 isolates were positive for Lactobacillus based on culture and PCR results. From obtained strain cutting patterns analysis of the oral lactobacillus community, were aggregated into ten different species. L.paracasei, L.fermentumin patient and L.casei, L.plantarum were the most predominant species in control groups. Conclusion: The frequency of Lactobacillus in patients with periodontitis was significantly reduced comparing to the control group, especially in gingival plaque samples. The difference in the frequency of isolated lactobacillus in the total sample of patients was 8% less than control subjects. There is increasing evidence that the use of existing lactobacillus strains can prevent chronic periodontitis. These probiotic candidates can be selected for the purpose of bacteriotherapy, dairy manufacture and pharmaceutical use.}, Keywords = {Chronic periodontitis disease, 16SrDNA RFLP-PCR, Oral strains lactobacillus .spp}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {272-280}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.29252/aums.8.3.272}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-959-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-959-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Beheshti, Mehdi and Shahbazi, Karim and Bazargan, Kambiz and Malekzadeh, Elaheh}, title = {Study of Nitrate Status in Tomatoes and Cucumbers Distributed in the Alborz Province Market}, abstract ={Background: Nitrate is one of the most important pollutants that is accumulated mainly due to unbalanced fertilizer use and excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers in plant organs. Most of the nitrate in our body comes from vegetables. In Iran, tomatoes and cucumbers are consumed vegetables in the food basket of people. Therefore, the study of nitrate pollution in these products and the identification of the sources of pollutants and providing appropriate solutions for the relative reduction of contamination is necessary. Methods: In this study, we randomly collected samples of tomatoes and cucumbers from Alborz province for 16 months each week. Samples were washed with distilled water and moisture content and their nitrate content was measured by micro-Kajledal method. Results: The results showed that nitrate content in the cucumbers Distribution the Alborz province with an average of 212.25 mg / kg fresh weight was higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) (150 mg / kg) and Iranian National Standardization Organization (INSO) (90 mg / kg of fresh weight). The range of nitrate content in fresh cucumber samples was 15.18-1221 mg / kg and according to the World Health Organization and National Iranian Standards Organization, 58.76% and 74% of cucumber samples had more nitrate content above the limit, respectively. The results of this study showed that the mean concentration of nitrate in tomato samples was 20.22 mg / kg, which was below the World Health Organization (300 mg / kg) and Iranian National Standardization Organization (120 mg / kg fresh weight) was less. The range of nitrate content in tomato samples was 3.4-121.3 mg / kg, and according to the Iranian National Standardization Organization index, only one tomato sample had nitrate content higher than the limit. Conclusion and Discussion: The results showed that mean nitrate concentration in autumn ˃ winter ˃ spring ˃ summer. In cucumber, the amount of nitrate in the skin is more than other parts of cucumber.}, Keywords = {Nitrate content, Tomato, Cucumber}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {281-299}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.29252/aums.8.3.281}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-960-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-960-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {HedayatYaghoobi, Mojtaba and Razipour, Shahab and Sabahi, Mohammad Mahdi}, title = {A 50 Year Old Man with Fever and Abdominal Pain}, abstract ={The patient is a 50-year-old man who has been diagnosed with abdominal pain, fever, shivering and constipation with nausea and vomiting with a possible diagnosis of typhoid. Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen and pelvis was performed by injection of contrast agent for the patient. What is your diagnosis?}, Keywords = {Fever, Abdominal pain, Nausea and Vomiting, Constipation}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {300-304}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.29252/aums.8.3.300}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-961-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-961-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {MoshirPanahi, Shiva and Moradi, Alireza and Moghadasin, Maryam and Ghaderi, Bayazi}, title = {Investigating the Relationship Between Posttraumatic Growth Dimensions and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Blood, Colorectal and Breast Cancer Patients}, abstract ={Background & purpose: experience of life-threatening illnesses such as cancer leads to the comprehension of its positive outcomes along with its negative consequences. The purpose of this study was to examine the curve linear and linear relationship between post-traumatic growth dimensions and post-traumatic stress symptoms in cancer patients. Materials & Methods: The present study was a descriptive-correlational study conducted on 200 patients with breast, leukemia and colon cancer. The samples were selected by the convenience sampling method. Participants completed posttraumatic growth inventory and PTSD checklist for civilians. Data analysis was performed in SPSS, version 17 using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, coefficient test, linear and nonlinear regression. Results: According to the results there is a significant non-linear relationship between some dimensions of post-traumatic growth and post-traumatic stress symptoms. A cubic relationship was significant between Relationship with others, Personal strength, and post-traumatic stress symptoms. But nonlinear relationship was not significant for new possibilities, spiritual changes, and appreciation of life and posttraumatic stress symptoms as a predictor. Also, the components of post-traumatic stress symptoms, negative changes in cognition and mood and arousal as a predictor, had significant nonlinear relationship with dimensions of posttraumatic growth. Conclusion: These findings suggest that moderate levels of post-traumatic stress symptoms can be a predictor of growth in some dimensions.}, Keywords = {Post-traumatic stress symptoms, Post-traumatic growth, Cancer}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {305-316}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.29252/aums.8.4.305}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1005-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1005-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Esfandiary, Sahar and Mohamadynejad, Parisa and MoghaniBashi, Mohamad Mehdi}, title = {Association of STin2 VNTR Polymorphism in the SLC6A4 Gene with Increased Risk of MS Disease}, abstract ={Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that is characterized by inflammation, demyelination and axonal injury. Although the etiology of MS disease is still unknown, many studies suggest that immune system dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease. The serotonin serves as a mediator between CNS and the immune system and is involved in modulating the interactions between the nervous and immune system. Therefore, it seems that modulation of serotonin function play a potential role in autoimmune process and MS disease. Serotonin transporter determines duration of serotonin action and its effect on nerve receptors by regulation of serotonin concentration in synapses. One of common polymorphisms of serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) is variable number of tandem repeats of 17 bp in intron 2 (STin2 VNTR). Different repeat number within the VNTR plays an important role in regulating transcription of the SLC6A4 gene and activity of serotonin. Methods: In this study, STin2 VNTR polymorphism of SLC6A4 gene was assessed in 100 patients with MS and 100 healthy volunteers, using the PCR technique. Results: The results showed that STin2.10/10 genotype compared with the STin2.12/12 genotype (P= 0/04) increased risk of MS disease and STin2.12 allele acts as adominant allele. Conclusion: The results of this study, is hypothesized that the STin2. 10/10 genotype by modulating the transcription of serotonin transporter and function of serotonin may participate in the pathophysiology of MS disease.}, Keywords = {Multiple sclerosis, Serotonin transporter, SLC6A4 gene, STin2 VNTR}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {317-323}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.29252/aums.8.4.317}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1006-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1006-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {FarajiDana, Hoorvash and Elsagh, Azamolmolouk and Gholami, Mehri}, title = {Mortality Rate and its Determinants in Traumatized Elderly in Patients of karaj Shahid Madani Hospital}, abstract ={Background: Trauma is the leading cause of mortality and its unfavorable outcomes. This study was conducted to assess the mortality rate of trauma and its related factors among the patients traumatized elderly in patients of karaj shahid Madani hospital. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 240 aged traumatic patients from the shahid Madani training hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran, from 2015 to 2018. Date were collected by Emergency Medical Doctor by a questionaire. Data was analyzed be SPSS. Results: In total, 240 elderly patients with trauma were included in the study. The average age of patients was 76.04 ± 7.46 years. Seventy-seven percent of the patients had at least one co morbid condition. Majority of the falls occurred at home. More than half of the patients fell from ground level. Overall, the in-hospital mortality rate was 16 %. Multiple organs failure constituted the most common injury sustained in patients who died (77 %). Discussion: The geriatric patient is often defined as a "frail elderly", for the presence of a greater “injury sensitivity". This is due to the simultaneous presence of co morbidity, progressive loss of full autonomy and exposure to a high risk of traumatic events. Optimal management of the trauma patient can considerable reduce mortality and morbidity. Conclusions: Although there is a downward trend in mortality in elderly patients with complex pelvic fractures, hemodynamic instability still has a significant impact on survival of those patients.}, Keywords = {Trauma, Elderly, Mortality Rate, Risk factor}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {324-332}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.29252/aums.8.4.324}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1007-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1007-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Ashouri, Ahmad and Fadaei, Zahra and Jaefari, Fateme and Ghalenovy, Fariba and Darharaj, Mohammad and GhaedniaJahromi, Ali}, title = {Comparison of Anxiety and Quality of Life in Patients with Severe and Mild Depression}, abstract ={Background and Aims: This study aimed to compare levels of anxiety and quality of life in patients with severe and mild depression. Material and Methods: In a causal-comparative design, 271 patients with Major Depressive Disorder were selected using convenience sampling method and based on the Structured Clinical Interview and then, they were asked to complete New Multidimensional Depression Assessment Scale, Short Form Health Survey, and Beck Anxiety Inventory. In the next phase, 92 patients whose scores on the New Multidimensional Depression Assessment Scale were two standard deviations above and below the mean were selected as severe (n= 40) and mild depressed patients (n= 52). Results: Currents findings indicated a significant difference between two groups in the levels of anxiety and quality of life in that compared to mild depressed patients, patients with severe depression reported more anxiety (F= 16/74) and lower levels of quality of life in both physical (F= 15/01) and psychological (F= 20/96) dimensions. Conclusion: Given the findings of this study, in the treatment of depression, addressing anxiety problems and helping severe depressed patients to improve their quality of life is of great importance.}, Keywords = {Anxiety, Depression, New Multidimensional Depression Scale, Quality of Life}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {333-342}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.29252/aums.8.4.333}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1009-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1009-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {HassanzadehMoghadam, Maryam and Shariati, Mehrdad and Naeimi, Sirous and Edalatmanesh, Mohammad Ami}, title = {Study of the Protective Effect of N-acetylcysteine on Testicular Tissue and Spermatogenesis Cells in Streptozotocin-diabetic Adult Rats}, abstract ={Background and aim: Diabetes affects the testicles by oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of N-acetylcysteine ​​on the number of spermatogenesis cells in diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 42 adult male Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups of 6. This study was carried out in two periods of 5 and 28 days. Thus, in the first period, the positive sham group and experimental groups received 1 ml streptozotocin solution in distilled water at 50 mg / kg for 5 days intraperitoneally. At the end of the sixth day, the blood glucose levels in rats reached 200 mg / dl. In the second period, control group without any injections, sham group received intraperitoneal injection of distilled water, positive control group without injection, negative sham group received 200 mg / kg of n-acetylcysteine ​​intraperitoneally for 28 days. Experimental group 1, 2 and 3, which included diabetic rats receiving 100, 200 and 400 mg / kg doses of N-acetylcysteine ​​intraperitoneally for 28 days, respectively. At the end of the experimental period, rats were under anesthetized anesthesia. The body weight of all animals was measured and the testicles were removed and examined after staining and staining by hematoxylin-eosin method. Results: Mean body weight, spermatogonia, spermatocyte, spermatid and leydig showed a significant decrease in the positive sham group compared to the control group. The mean number of spermatogonium and leydig cells in all experimental groups showed a significant increase compared to the positive sham group. The mean number of spermatid cells in experimental groups 2 and 3 was significantly higher than the positive sham group. The mean number of spermatocyte cells in the experimental groups 3 was significantly higher than the positive sham group (P ≤ 0.05). Diabetes also led to pathological changes in the seminiferous tubes in diabetic rats. This is while different amounts of N-acetylcysteine have improved this in experimental groups. Conclusion: The results showed that N-acetylcysteine protects the testicles against diabetes and improved the spermatogenesis process in streptozotocin induced diabetes.}, Keywords = {Diabetes, Spermatogenesis, N-acetylcysteine, Streptozotocin, Testis, Rats}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {343-354}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.29252/aums.8.4.343}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1010-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1010-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Jannati, Mansoor and Allahyari, Elahe and SadeghiGilvayee, Alirez}, title = {Comparison of the Effect of Voluven and Ringer Solution in Cardiopulmonary Bypass on the Bleeding After the Surgery and Renal Function in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgeries}, abstract ={Background: This study compared the effect of Voluven and Ringer solution in cardiopulmonary bypass on the bleeding after the surgery and renal function in coronary artery bypass graft surgeries. Methods: Two types of prime solution including ringer - as Crystalloid- and Voluven were used in two groups and compared in terms of bleeding and renal function during the first 24 hours after the surgery in intensive care unit (ICU) cardiac surgery. Results: Amount of a 24-hour drainage was not statistically different (P > 0.05). There was not any significant difference between groups regarding urinary output in two time periods, pump time and during the first 24 hours after the patient’s entry to ICU. The mean of partial thromboplastin time postop in experiment and control groups was significantly different (P > 0.05). Plasma level of Bun-Cr  , sodium, Potassium, hemoglobin, hematocrit, BT, PT and INR Platelets was not significantly different during the first 24 hours after the surgery (P > 0.05). There was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of a need for blood transfusion   during the surgery and first 24 hours after the surgery (Ringer 1.70 ± 0.9, Vovuven 1.07 ± 1.1) (P = 0.019). There was not a significant difference between two groups in terms of urinary protein secretion during the first 24 hours after the surgery (P = 0.08). Conclusions: It can be concluded that using Voluven as prime solution in comparison to lactate, in our study  did not cause any significant difference in bleeding after the surgery and there was not so much need for blood injection in these patients   }, Keywords = {Voluven, Prime solution of cardiopulmonary pump, The level of bleeding, Renal function, Cardiopulmonary pump}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {355-364}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.29252/aums.8.4.355}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1012-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1012-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Salimi, Reza and Chitgar, Ali and Mokhtari, Alirez}, title = {Survey and identification of Resistance Genes of Sulfanamide (sul2, sul3) and Tetracycline Tet (A), tet (C), tet (D) and intI Integron Genes in Escherichia Coli Isolated from Mastitis Samples}, abstract ={Background and Aims: Escherichia coli is a natural microflora of the human heart and all the warm animals. Mastitis is a disease caused by various pathogens. One of the important factors in the production of mastitis in the livestock is E. coli and is known as peripheral mastitis. The aim of this study was to isolate sulfonamide, integron and tetracycline resistance genes in E.coli isolated from mastitis with clinical symptoms using Multiplex PCR. Materials and Methods: 50 milk isolates with mastitis symptoms were collected from livestock farms in west of Tehran. Biochemical and microbial tests were performed and antibiotic susceptibility test using disc diffusion method was performed according to CLSI 2016 and E-test with antibiotics of different groups. After isolating the bacteria and extracting DNA, the presence of the genes was investigated by Multiplex PCR. Results: Based on the findings of this study, out of a total of 50 samples, 1 sample (2%) had Sul2 gene and 32 samples (64%) had the tetA gene and 11 samples (36%) of the tetc gene. Also Int gene was detected in 1 sample of 2% of the samples and the highest antibiotic resistance to the antibiotic sultrim and cotrimoxazole were 68% and 50%, respectively, and the highest sensitivity to tetracycline was 96%. Conclusion: Comparison of this study with other studies has shown that the resistance gene in E.coli isolated from mastitis is high. The difference between the results of the M-PCR method in this study and the results of studies by other researchers in different parts of the world may be due to the source of the sample, while in studies of other researchers, most cases have been studied on samples of blood diarrhea. Another reason for the difference is the difference in geographical areas.}, Keywords = {Escherichia coli, Mastitis, Sulfonamides resistance genes, tetracycline}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {365-376}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.29252/aums.8.4.365}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1013-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1013-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Taherkhani, Atefeh and Shahrokhi, Akram and Barikani, Ameneh and Rashvand, Farnoosh}, title = {Compare the Quality of Nursing Care Related to Enteral Nutrition with Standards in Patients at Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in Hospitals of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences}, abstract ={Background: Malnutrition is a common clinical problem in critically ill patient at  ICU. It has irreversible consequences for patients and causes heavy health care costs for the healthcare system. Nurses are the main responsible for providing nutritional care to patients, but studies show that nurses' compliance with standards in patient care is very low. Therefore, it is important to determine the quality of nursing care in the field of nutrition of patients for behavioral at the individual and organizational level and to develop a guide for evaluating these standards. The present study was designed to compare the quality of nursing care of tubal nutrition with standards in patients admitted to intensive care units of educational hospitals affiliated to Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This is a descriptive comparative study. The research population included all nurses working in intensive care units. According to the number of nurses working in the intensive care unit and considering three observations for each nurse, a total of 495 observations were recorded. The data were collected using standard feeding tube checklist. Then, data were analyzed using SPSS v.21 using statistical tests. Results:  The results of this study showed that 38% of nurses had a moderate performance and 62% had a good performance in nursing care and the difference was 4.8 in nurses' average performance (p<0.0001). There was a significant relationship between the findings of the quality of tubal nutritional care and sex, marital status, and the level of graduate and postgraduate education. (p<0/001) Conclusions: The low level of nurses' performance in standard entrnal feeding nursing care is potentially a serious risk to ICU patients. Because proper nutrition for patients has a direct consequence of the patient's recovery process. This factor can be influenced by the lack of attention to the existence of an effective educational program and the lack of attention to the implementation of the nursing care process in feeding standard patients by nursing managers.}, Keywords = {Tube feeding, Nursing care, Intensive care unit}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {377-386}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.29252/aums.8.4.377}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1014-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1014-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Nikfalah, Fateme and Alimohammadzadeh, Khalil and Jafari, Mehrnush}, title = {The Impact Of Health System Reform On Students Health Indicators in Alborz Health Services Centers}, abstract ={Introduction: Health indicators are one of the ways to measure success in achieving the goals of health systems. This study aimed to assess the changes of the students health indicators before and after the health system reform in Health Services Centers of Alborz University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed at health care centers of Alborz University .The study population was all 6,9,12,15 years old student who were referred to these centers. The data was collected in two 12-month periods, (12 months before, and 12 months after, the implementation of the Plan, with a 12month interval in between) The data was analyzed using the SPSS statistical software,version22. Results: The result of comparing adolescent health indicators between2015-2017 showed increase in the most indicators .Recognized visual impairments from 4.43 in 2015 to 6.80 in 2017and hearing loss from 0.63 in2015 to 1.27in2017 increased. Conclusion: Implementation of the health reform plan had been succeeded in improvement of students health indicators in Alborz health care centers. Therefore seems to be continuing, ongoing evaluation and modification of the plan could lead to improve students indicators.}, Keywords = {Health system reform, health indicators, Comprehensive health care centers, student}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {387-396}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.29252/aums.8.4.387}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1015-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1015-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Malaki, Hamid and Jabari, Nasim and Aghamirzaei, Mostaf}, title = {The Role and Importance of Pharmacies in the City of Fardis in the Years 96 and 97}, abstract ={Introduction: The evaluation of pharmacies in order to match the activities of pharmacies according to the standards defined by the Food and Drug Administration of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, to improve the quality of the provision of pharmaceutical services at pharmacies, to create competition with encouragement and further incentives in promoting optimal services, obtaining citizens' satisfaction, reducing The complaints of pharmacists, explain the role and importance of observing the rules, guidelines and supervision of the experts. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, a total of pharmacies in the city of Fardis-Alborz were evaluated for 96 consecutive and 96 consecutive years. The method of observation and scoring was used for data collection. The data collection tool was a checklist for assessing pharmacies in the country. Results: Based on the findings of this study, the highest score obtained by the pharmacy appraisal standards was 1500 and the lowest score was 620. In statistical studies, it has been noted that in the first half of the year 97 compared to last year, the rate of pharmacy violations decreased, such as a 12% reduction in the maintenance of the past history, 15% in the absence of the technical officer and 40% in the supply Drug trafficking is observed. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the continuous evaluation of pharmacies, while rating pharmacies in the provision of pharmaceutical services, will help to further enhance the quality of pharmacovigilance activities.}, Keywords = {Fardis County Pharmacies, Evaluations, Ratings, Checklist and Reduce Infringements}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {397-410}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.29252/aums.8.4.397}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1016-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1016-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Mousavi, Mehdi and Mousavi, Seyed Abbas and Raeisi, Mustafa and Salehifar, Delar}, title = {General Mental Health Status Scores of Patients with Atypical Chest Pain, a Case-Control Study}, abstract ={Objectives: Psychological problems could have some relationship with undetermined chest pain. The aim of this study was to compare the general mental health status of out-patients with atypical chest pain with a reference age and sex matched controls. Materials and Methods: Patients less than 40 years old, with atypical chest pain and low probability of ischemic heart disease were included in the study. The control group were age and sex matched. The Iranian translation of 28 item general health questionnaire (GHQ-28) was used to evaluate the mental status. Results: Totally 113 cases in each group completed the study. Mean age of the study group was 26.33± 5.77 years and 148 cases (65.5%) were female. Mean GHQ-28 score in the atypical chest pain and the control groups were 31.37±14.69 and 21.31±9.97 respectively (P<0.001). Abnormal GHQ-28 scores (≥24) was seen in 71(62.8%) of the atypical chest pain group and 38(33.6%) of the controls (odds ratio: 3.34, 95% confidence interval =1.93-5.76). Multivariate analysis showed that after adjustment for possible confounding factors, atypical chest pain was an independent predictor of abnormal GHQ-28 (odds ratio: 3.32, 95% confidence interval: 1.31-8.47). Discussion: The results of the present study, showed that our patients with atypical chest pain had worse general mental health state. It is not clear that worse general health state is a cause of atypical chest pain or an incidental concomitant finding.}, Keywords = {Chest Pain, diagnosis, etiology, Mental Health, Surveys and Questionnaires}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {411-418}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.29252/aums.8.4.411}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1017-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1017-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Sajjadian, Negar and Salmanpoor, Rahmatolah}, title = {Oral Lesions in Common Dermatologic Disorders: A Review Article}, abstract ={Skin as the largest organ, is influenced by wide variety of environmental and external factors. In addition many internal diseases can involve skin. Oral cavity and skin have close contact with each other Like skin which has contact with various external factors, oral cavity and its contents also has  touch with different chemical agents, enzymes and diverse microorganisms. Oral lesions of dermatologic disorders need an exact attention because these oral lesions may be the sole and first presentation of skin diseases and the presence of these lesions may affect the quality of patient’s life and nourishment Although oral mucus membrane and skin are in direct continuity with each other ,but different condition of oral cavity causes specific characters and functions. Various infectious agents and different dermatologic disorders cause oral lesions and the most prevalent of these are candida infection and lichen planus. Many oral lesions are treated without specific and exact diagnosis by physician and symptoms like pain and pricking sensation and others are managed. so increasing diagnostic and therapeutic knowledge of these lesion is necessary. So we explain the oral lesion of common dermatologic disorders in this article in order to facilitate diagnosis  and prevention of progression of these disorder that some may be dangerous.}, Keywords = {Oral lesions, Dermatologic disorders, Oral cavity}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {419-426}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.29252/aums.8.4.419}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1018-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1018-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2019} }