@article{ 
author = {Haghi, Sabahat and Arjmand, Reza and Gholami, Mehri},  
title = {A Case Report of Hodgkin\'s lymphoma with Early Manifestation of Henoch-Schonlein Purpura in a Child}, 
abstract ={Hodgkin's lymphoma is one of the most common types of lymphoma among children, usually characterized by persistent head and neck adenopathies that are unresponsive to antibiotic treatment. In rare cases, the primary manifestation of this malignancy includes paraneoplastic, immunological, and vasculitic syndromes in children. Here, we introduce a 13-year-old boy, and Hodgkin's lymphoma was initially manifested as Henoch-Schonlein purpura and eventually led to his hospitalization.  },  
Keywords = {Hodgkin's lymphoma, Henoch-Schonlein purpura, Vasculitis},
volume = {12},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {1-6}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.61186/aums.12.1.1},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1617-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1617-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {MehrabaniNatanzi, Mahboobeh and Dehghan, Mohammad Hossein and SoleymanzadehMoghadam, Somayeh and Khodaii, Zohreh},  
title = {Synergistic Effect of Probiotic Bacteria and Antibiotics on Antibiotic-resistant Strains of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolated from Patients with Burn Wounds}, 
abstract ={Background: Burn infections are one of the leading causes of death in the world. Antibiotic resistance is a major concern among the medical community. In this study, we investigated the effect of common probiotic strains on multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Methods: Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from burn wounds of patients were isolated. Then pathogens were biochemically identified and their antibiotic resistance pattern against imipenem, gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol were examined. Susceptibility of multidrug-resistant pathogens to 5 commercial and 5 native strains of probiotics were investigated using disc diffusion method. The probiotic strain, with the highest anti-pathogen activity was tested either alone or in combination with five previously tested antibiotics.    Results: The Lactobacillus plantarum 299V strain showed the highest inhibitory effect against the antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogens compared to the other probiotic strains. In most isolates, probiotic alone, had a higher mean diameter of growth inhibition zone compared to the combination with antibiotics, except for tetracycline antibiotic, which is synergistic with probiotic bacteria and has the highest anti-pathogenic properties (P <0.001). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, Lactobacillus plantarum can be used as an adjunct in the treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections in the treatment of burn wounds.},  
Keywords = {Burn wounds, Probiotic, Antibiotic, Pseudomonas aeruginosa},
volume = {12},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {7-14}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.61186/aums.12.1.7},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1618-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1618-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {MalekMahdavi, Aida and Khabbazi, Alirez},  
title = {Serum Levels of Vitamin D in Patients With Palindromic Rheumatism and its Relationship with Clinical Characteristics}, 
abstract ={Background: Considering the clinical importance and remarkable prevalence of palindromic rheumatism and since there has been no study about serum vitamin D level in patients with palindromic rheumatism, therefore, present study designed to assess serum levels of vitamin D in patients with palindromic rheumatism and to analyze its relationship with clinical characteristics.    Methods: In present study, 39 patients aged ≥ 16 years with diagnosis of palindromic rheumatism and 81 healthy individuals without any history of inflammatory rheumatic diseases were selected from rheumatology outpatient clinic of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences during 2020-2021. Clinical status of patients was assessed by a rheumatologist and frequency of attacks, duration of attacks, number of involved joints, and duration of symptoms were recorded. Serum 25(OH) vitamin D3 levels were measured using a kit. Results: Mean±SD serum 25(OH) vitamin D3 in patients and healthy subjects was 25.9±11.9 and 25.8±13.8 ng/mL, respectively (P=0.994). No significant relationship was observed between vitamin D deficiency and palindromic rheumatism (OR=0.39, 95%CI: 0.29-1.63, P=0.391). No significant correlation was observed between serum 25(OH)vitamin D3 and disease clinical characteristics including frequency of attacks, duration of attacks, number of involved joints, and duration of symptoms (P>0.05).   Conclusion: There was no significant relationship between vitamin D deficiency and occurrence of palindromic rheumatism as well as between serum 25(OH) vitamin D3 and clinical characteristics. It is suggested that further studies with larger sample size are performed to achieve concise conclusion about preventive and therapeutic approach regarding the relation between vitamin D and clinical status in patients with palindromic rheumatism.    },  
Keywords = {Vitamin D, Palindromic rheumatism, Clinical characteristics.},
volume = {12},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {15-22}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.61186/aums.12.1.15},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1619-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1619-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Mahmoodi, Ahmad and Mashayekh, Maryam and Zam, Fatemeh and Shahnazari, Mehdi and Peymani, Javi},  
title = {The effectiveness of group play therapy with cognitive-behavioral approach on anxiety and social skills of deaf students}, 
abstract ={Background: A hearing-impaired child often has communication problems and Communication problems can lead to social and behavioral problems therefore the purpose of the present study is Survey the effectiveness of group play therapy with cognitive-behavioral approach on anxiety and social skills of deaf students. Materials & Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, post-test design and control group. The statistical population of this study included all elementary deaf students in Alborz province in 2019. The number of students was 45, of which 30 students were selected by available sampling method and were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. Spence children anxiety scale and Social Skills Rating System were used to collect data. results: The Findings show that the level of anxiety in deaf children in the experimental group and after performing play therapy with cognitive-behavioral approach has decreased compared to the control group (p <0.05). Also, the findings indicate that the social skills of deaf children in the experimental group compared to the control group in the post-test had a significant increase at the level of 0.05. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, group play therapy is an effective way to reduce anxiety and increase and strengthen the social skills of deaf students. It seems necessary to holding group play therapy sessions in special schools for the deaf.  },  
Keywords = {Group play therapy, Anxiety, social skill},
volume = {12},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {23-34}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.61186/aums.12.1.23},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1620-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1620-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Razeghi, Zahra and Goli, Hamid Reza and Salehian, Maryam and Gholami, Mehr},  
title = {Evaluation of Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern in Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Patients Referred to Teaching Hospitals of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences}, 
abstract ={Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common infections in both outpatients and inpatients worldwide. Due to the widespread use of empirical antibiotic therapy, the resistance rate to bacteria causing UTIs has significantly increased. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the pattern of drug resistance in Escherichia coli strains isolated from patients with UTIs referred to the educational centers of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 100 urine samples completely randomly were taken from patients with UTI. Patient characteristics including age, gender, outpatient and/or inpatient were collected from patients' clinical records and laboratories data services. After confirmation of E. coli strains, antibiogram was performed by disk diffusion method according to Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) instructions. Results: Out of 100 positive urine culture samples, the highest prevalence of E. coli causing UTI was seen in the female (83%) and outpatient (53%) groups. The age range of the patients was between 0 (6-month-old) and 95 years. The highest resistance was reported against ampicillin (66.6%) and the lowest resistance to imipenem (1%), followed by cefoxitin (1.2%) and gentamicin (1.7%), while resistance to amikacin and tobramycin was not found. Of 100 E. coli isolates, 44% were associated with multidrug resistance phenotype; 32 cases of which were women and 25 cases were for hospitalized patients. Conclusions: Following the overuse and misuse of antibiotics, drug resistance is increasing over time. Due to high rates of resistance to ampicillin, cotrimoxazole and cephalosporins, especially cefazolin and cefotaxime, the use of these drugs in the treatment of UTIs will not be a good option. Our data show that carbapenems and aminoglycosides should be considered as an option for first-line treatment of hospitalized patients with UTIs, in the study area.  },  
Keywords = {Escherichia coli - Urinary Tract Infection - Antibiotic Resistance},
volume = {12},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {35-41}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.61186/aums.12.1.35},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1621-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1621-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Rostami, Hadiseh and Firoozeh, Farzaneh and Zibaei, Mohammad and Salahshoorifar, Iman and Sobhani-Nasab, Ali and Nilkbin, Vajihe Sadat},  
title = {Survey of  Two  Methods  Including  Phenol-Chloroform  and  Application  of Magnetic  Nanoparticles  for  Genomic  DNA  Extraction  of  Staphylococcus  aureus}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Isolation of genomic DNA from bacterial cells is one of the processes typically performed in most biological laboratories and there are different methods to do it .In this study, two methods including phenol-chloroform, and magnetic nanoparticles, were used to extract genomic DNA of Staphylococcus aureus. Materials and Methods: In the present study, the standard strain of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 was used for extraction of genomic DNA by phenol-chloroform and magnetic nanoparticles methods. Nanodrop and electrophoresis on agarose gel were used to evaluate the quality and concentration of extracted DNA. Results: The concentration of extracted DNA by phenol-chloroform and magnetic nanoparticle) SiO2/Fe3O4) methods were obtained 550.4 and 131.6 µg/ml respectively. Conclusion: From the findings of this study it can be concluded that due to the thick wall of Staphylococcus aureus, genomic DNA extraction by magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4/SiO2) have acceptable concentration and purity for molecular processes such as PCR, and can be used as an alternative to other extraction methods.  },  
Keywords = {Staphylococcus aureus, DNA extraction, Magnetic nanoparticles, Phenol-chloroform, Bacterial genome},
volume = {12},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {42-48}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.61186/aums.12.1.42},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1622-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1622-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {EmamiGohari, Mina and Seirafi, MohammadReza and Vaezi, Amir and Ranjbaripoor, Tahereh and Mashayekh, Maryam},  
title = {Effectiveness of Compassionate Mind Group Training on Improvement of Physical Symptoms of People With Ulcerative Colitis (One Year Follow-Up)}, 
abstract ={Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory chronic disease of unknown etiology that is characterized by periods of remission and relapses. Interventions that are able to prevent disease relapse or improve the physical symptoms, will have a huge impact on mental health and quality of life in patients with ulcerative colitis. Methods: This quasi-experimental study had a pretest-posttest-follow-up design with a control group and a one-year follow-up. The population included patients with UC who visited the Gastrointestinal Clinic at Bahonar Hospital, Karaj, Iran in Fall 2018 and Winter 2019. 34 UC patients were selected using purposeful sampling and were randomly assigned to two equal-size control and experimental groups. The experimental group attended twelve three-hour sessions of compassionate mind training (Gilbert 2010) and the Control group had a three-hour workshop on UC with no psychological interventions. Demographic Information Questionnaire (designed by the first author) and Lichtiger Colitis Activity Index were used. Data were analyzed by single factor covariance analysis and dependent t-test. Results: Results showed compassionate mind training was significantly effective in improving the physical symptoms in UC patients, both at the end of the interventions (P < 0.01) and at the end of the 1-year follow-up (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Given that compassionate mind training was effective in improving the physical symptoms of UC patients, this intervention can be used as a complementary therapy in addition to medical treatments in order to improve mental health services and establish policies regarding this matter.  },  
Keywords = {Compassionate mind training, Physical symptoms, Ulcerative Colitis},
volume = {12},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {49-59}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.61186/aums.12.1.49},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1623-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1623-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {shahalinejad, Sahand and Bahador, Atefeh and niapour, ali},  
title = {Comparative Study of Noise Reduction in MRI Images Using Filtering and Wavelet Transform in Medical Image Processing}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Noise reduction in medical images is important. Excessive distortion in medical images reduces the accuracy of diagnosis of various diseases or structures. Violet conversion and filtering are among the most widely used methods for reducing noise in medical images. The aim of this study was to compare noise reduction using filtration (low-pass, mid-pass, and high-pass filters) as well as violet conversion from MRI images. Methods: In this study, using MATLAB software, noisy MRI data were entered into the program environment and each of the proposed algorithms including filtering (low-pass, mid-pass, and high-pass filters) as well as violet conversion were implemented separately on images. And the ideal output was obtained due to the nature of the noise. Results: The results obtained from the proposed violet and filtering methods were compared and analyzed. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of all filters used and the violet conversion displayed a value above 30 dB. Violet conversion for selected images has a higher SNR value, and in some images, this difference is more than 40 dB. According to the images and relative PSNR values, among all the studied methods, the best dehumidification is when the CWT method was used. In this case, the PSNR is high and there is the most similarity between the degenerate image and the original image.  },  
Keywords = {Noise reduction, MRI images, Filtering, Wavelet transform, Medical image processing},
volume = {12},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {60-68}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.61186/aums.12.1.60},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1624-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1624-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {shahalinejad, Sahand and Bahadori, Atefeh and niapour, ali},  
title = {Diagnosis of Breast Cancer Using the Harris Extraction Algorithm in the Processing of Medical Images}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Identifying and demarcating the masses and diagnosing the disease in breast tissue is a serious challenge in diagnosing this cancer. Mammography is currently the most common method to diagnose breast cancer, in which incorrectly identifying the masses can lead to misdiagnosis or sampling of breast tissue. In this study, using feature extraction in medical image processing, we tried to make a diagnosis with better accuracy than in the past. Materials and Methods: Mammographic image features were extracted using the Harris feature extraction algorithm. Mammographic images were analyzed using Matlab2019a software and ideal outputs were obtained. Findings: Mammographic images were pre-processed and Harris algorithm was applied. In the output of the proposed algorithm, the accuracy and speed of detection of the algorithm were higher in comparison to other routine methods. Conclusion: The purpose of extracting the Harris property is to make the raw data more usable for future statistical processing. it is expected that in the future, feature extraction will be more accurate, and more details will be provided to the machine vision systems to identify objects in the image.  },  
Keywords = {Diagnosis, Breast cancer, Harris Feature extraction, Medical image processing},
volume = {12},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {69-76}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.61186/aums.12.1.69},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1625-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1625-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {khosravi, Fayez and Mohamadynejad, Parisa and moghanibashi, Mehdi},  
title = {Association of VNTR Polymorphism of NLRP3 Gene With the Risk of Gastric Cancer}, 
abstract ={Background and aim: Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world, including Iran, which has a high mortality rate. One of the effective factors in the development of gastric cancer is the increase in inflammation caused by the increase in the function of the cryopyrin protein, which is encoded by the NLRP3 gene in humans. Increased expression of this gene leads to the production of IL-1β and IL-18 cytokines and increases inflammation. Considering the important role of NLRP3 gene, in this study, the role of VNTR polymorphism in intron 4 of NLRP3 gene in susceptibility to gastric cancer was investigated. Materials and Methods: In this study, VNTR polymorphism of NLRP3 gene was genotyped in 100 patients with gastric cancer and 88 healthy individuals by PCR technique. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS ν21 software and logistic regression test. Results: In this study, 15 different genotypes and 7 alleles were identified in the VNTR polymorphism of NLRP3 gene, of which 12 replicate alleles and 12.12 genotypes were the most frequence. Also, allele with 14 repeat were identified for the first time. Analysis of the results showed that genotype 12.12 increase the risk of gastric cancer compared with other genotypes (p value = 0.01, CI = 0.14 - 0.76, OR = 0.32). Conclusion: It seems that genotype 12.12 in the intron 4 of NLRP3 gene increased the risk of gastric cancer.  },  
Keywords = {Gastric cancer, VNTR polymorphism, NLRP3 gene},
volume = {12},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {77-84}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.61186/aums.12.1.77},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1626-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1626-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Tehrani, Mehrtash and Haghjoyan, Neda and Mardi, Parham},  
title = {Evaluation of clinical outcomes and treatment patterns of antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing surgery in tamin ejtemaee shahriyar treatment center}, 
abstract ={Background: Nosocomial infections are the main health problems in the world. Prevention of Surgical Site Infection in Surgery is the first concern. Wound infection causes increased mortality and length of hospital stay and increase costs in patients treated. Antibiotic prophylaxis in c surgery may be recommended to prevent postoperative complications. Several therapeutic protocols based on international recipes used by cardiac surgeons due to antimicrobial prophylaxis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of prescribing antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing surgery in Intensive Care Center is the shariyar of Tehran Research Method: And future prospective cross-sectional study of 200 patients undergoing since entering the ICU until discharge and up to a month after discharge were evaluated in terms of clinical outcomes. Wound infection, renal, pulmonary complications, the incidence of mortality, length of stay in ICU and hospital compared and evaluated based on the type antibiotics. Information recorded and collected self-made Check list. And using descriptive and analytical statistics and were analyzed using SPSS 18. Results: The average age of the subjects Bvd.az ±61/32 years  patients (139 male ). Received significant relationship between different patterns of antibiotic prophylaxis administered and renal complications, pulmonary complications, wound infection, mortality rate, average length of stay in hospital and there was no special section 61 patients (30/1. were female. lly significant. Average length of stay in intensive care unit patients who received antibiotics were ceftriaxon significantly lower than patients who had not received antibiotics.(pv=0/021) Conclusion : Use different patterns of use and administration of antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing t surgery is associated with different clinical outcomes of use of ceftriaxon in a special section was associated with reduced hospital stay.},  
Keywords = {Prophylaxis Antibiotic, Prescribed pattern, surgery, the clinical outcome of antibiotics.},
volume = {12},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {85-108}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.61186/aums.12.2.85},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1698-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1698-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Mehrpourtarhani, Fatemeh and Ramezani, Mazaher and Almasi, Afshin and Hematti, Maryam and Amirian, Farh},  
title = {Epidemiologic survey and clinic-pathologic assessment of endometrial cancer in Kermanshah during 2013-2018}, 
abstract ={Background: Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological cancer and accounts for six percent of malignancies in women. The aim of this study was evaluation of epidemiology of this cancer and clinico-pathologic characteristics of patients in west of Iran. Materials and Methods: Forty four patients with endometrial malignancy referred to Imam Reza hospital in Kermanshah were included in this descriptive-cross sectional study. Data was extracted from archive files and pathology reports in the hospital. Results: The mean age of patients was 56.95+/_ 11.31 years and the majority were in the age range of 50-60 years. None of the patients had a history of tamoxifen therapy, oligomenorrhea, late menopause and premature menarche, infertility or alcohol use. The majority of patients had no family history of endometrial cancer (90.9%). A family history of endometrial adenocarcinoma was observed in only 4 patients. Endometrial adenocarcinoma (88.6%) and endometrial stromal sarcoma (11.4%) were the most common endometrial cancers in patients, respectively. Vaginal bleeding was reported as the most common clinical symptom in the majority of patients. The age distribution of patients showed that patients under the age of 60 years and also more than 60 years are mostly diagnosed with endometrial adenocarcinoma. Conclusion: Endometrial adenocarcinoma is the most common endometrial malignancy in west of Iran, that mainly is presented in the sixth decade with vaginal bleeding. This cancer showed no obvious association with known risk factors in west of Iran.},  
Keywords = {Endometrial Neoplasms, Epidemiology, Sarcoma, Endometrial stromal, Adenocarcinoma.},
volume = {12},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {109-115}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.61186/aums.12.2.109},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1699-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1699-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {BaradaranBagheri, Ali and Tajbakhsh, Ramin and Shirinbak, Iman and Razi, Amirhossein and Maghsoudi, Mohammad reza and Khani, Yousef},  
title = {Investigation of the frequency of uremic stomatitis in dialysis patients of Imam Ali Hospital in Karaj and its related factors in 1400}, 
abstract ={Introduction and goal: One of the problems of kidney failure patients, especially patients who are in the final stages of this disease, is uremic stomatitis, which can be caused by hemodialysis, the disease process, or both. Considering that dialysis as a metabolic disorder has many effects on people, including oral complications and mucosal lesions, knowing the prevalence of uremic stomatitis in patients with kidney failure and undergoing dialysis is necessary for planning interventions. Similar in this field has not been done in the city of Karaj or even in the country of Iran, so the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the prevalence of uremic stomatitis in dialysis patients of Imam Ali Hospital in Karaj and its related factors in the year 1400. materials and methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in the year 1400 in Imam Ali (AS) hospital in Karaj city. After the necessary coordination and obtaining the relevant permits, 384 dialysis patients who had files in Imam Ali Hospital (A.S.) in Karaj city were included in the study. The selection of people was simple random and based on the list of patients. The patients were diagnosed with stomatitis. Uremic were examined Also, the duration of dialysis, family history of kidney failure, diabetes, duration of diabetes and hemoglobin a1c level were asked and the relevant information was recorded. Results: According to the results of this study, the prevalence of uremic stomatitis in patients was 3.38%. This problem was more in men than women (84.61% compared to 13.59%). Also, the average age of male patients with this disease was higher compared to women (67.45± (5.12) years compared to 48.50±(4.95) years) and had been dialyzed for a longer period of time (5.64±(0.5) years compared to 1.5±(0.7)). Also, the family history of dialysis was more in men (81%. 8 compared to 0). The prevalence of diabetes in male patients was higher compared to female patients (100% compared to 50%) and the duration of diabetes was longer in men compared to women ((2.64±0.5) years in comparison with (0±1) years) and on the other hand, diabetes control was better in women compared to men, so that 50% of female patients had a blood hemoglobin level of 8-5.9, while the level of hemoglobin a1c in all male patients was higher than 8.},  
Keywords = {uremic stomatitis, dialysis, renal failure, oral lesions, diabetes},
volume = {12},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {116-125}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.61186/aums.12.2.116},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1700-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1700-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Motevalli, Maryam Sadat and Sepahmansoor, Mojgan and Alizadehfard, Susan and Erfani, Nasrolah},  
title = {The Relationship between Social Cognition and Quality of Life in women with Multiple Sclerosis}, 
abstract ={Introduction and purpose: The Quality of Life decreases in chronic debilitating diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis, and interactions in the desired range of Social Cognition have beneficial effects in increasing the quality of life of patients. The purpose was to investigate the relationship between social cognition and quality of life in affected women. Methods: A descriptive-analytical study of the correlation type with multiple regression analysis, in which 470 women with MS were selected from patients who were members of the Iranian MS Association in 1401 by the available sampling method, and were asked specific quality of life questionnaires for MS patients. MSIS-29 and Emotion Recognition Task (Social Cognition) responded. Results: The average age was 38.79 ± 8.91 years old and the most common type of disease was relapsing-remitting MS (49.4%). The quality of life (Average score) was between 58 and 87. To predict the quality of life using social cognition in the last step of multiple regression, the coefficient of determination was 0.407. People who recognized the emotions of fear, anger, disgust, surprise and sadness better had a higher quality of life. There was no significant relationship between happiness and quality of life. The components of surprise, sadness, disgust and fear purely explained 40% of the changes in the quality of life. Conclusion: Increasing social cognition in recognizing the main facial emotions increases the quality of life of people with MS.},  
Keywords = {Social Cognition, Quality of Life, Facial Emotion Recognition, Multiple Sclerosis Disease},
volume = {12},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {126-137}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.61186/aums.12.2.126},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1701-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1701-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Yektamoghaddam, Sedigheh and Forghanifard, Mohammad Mahdi and Zarrinpour, Vajiheh and Fathi, Mojtab},  
title = {Evaluation of the relationship between ABCB11 gene polymorphism and the incidence of gallstones and related SGOT and SGPT biochemical factors in the Iranian population}, 
abstract ={Introduction: Gallstones are one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases because genetic factors have not been yet identified. The ABCB11 gene locates on chromosome 2 and generates the Bile Salt Output Pump (BSEP) in human encoding by creating gallstone. Our aim of in the present study was to investigate the relationship between liver biochemical factors and ABCB11 gene polymorphism with the risk of gallstone. Materials and Methods: The study was performed recruiting 100 gallstone patients and 100 healthy individuals in Golsar Hospital, Rasht, in 1397. After sonography, subjects were divided into patients and healthy groups and the relationship between disease and ABCB11 gene polymorphism was examined by ARMS-PCR. Typically, 10 samples were sampled for the required sequencing results. Differences between the two groups were determined by statistical analysis. Results: In the present SGOT study, SGPT level was elevated in patients in comparison with healthy individuals (P <0.05). The frequency of ABCB11 gene C allele between patient and healthy was 22.5% and 22% of the budget, respectively. There is no significant relationship between the frequency of alleles and genotypes in patients compared to healthy cases (P ˃ 0.05). Under these conditions, the frequency of TT, TC and CC genotypes among individuals over 60 years of age were 27, 21 and 3, respectively. There is no significant relationship between gender and age with disease (P /0 0.05). The mean age of patients over 60 years (P = 0.0) was significantly higher than healthy. People with homozygous TT genotype were more likely to develop the disease. Discussion and Conclusion: The increased level of biochemical factors can predicts possibility of liver damage. The lack of correlation between ABCB11 and disease may be due to genetic differences between different races. Further studies with a larger group is essential.},  
Keywords = {Gallstone disease (GD), Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), ABCB11, Cholecystitis, Bile salt exit pump (BSEP)},
volume = {12},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {138-143}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.61186/aums.12.2.138},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1702-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1702-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Ghavami, Mehrnosh and Shariati, Mehrdad and Mokhtari, Mokhtar and Khatamsaz, Saeed and Moghadamnia, Davoo},  
title = {Protective effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Alcea rosea aerial parts against changes in biochemical factors and hepatic tissue induced by cadmium chloride in male rats}, 
abstract ={Background: Cadmium chloride causes liver dysfunction. In the present study, the protective effects of hydroalcoholic extract of aerial parts of Alcea rosea against changes in biochemical factors and hepatic tissue induced by cadmium chloride in male Males were investigated. Methods: In this experimental study, 56 adult male Wistar rats weighing approximately 200±10 g  were divided into 6 groups of 9. The control group, The sham group 1 received 0.2 ml distilled water as solvent. The sham group 2 received 2 mg/ kg of cadmium chloride intraperitoneally for 21 days. Experimental groups 1, 2 and 3: 2 mg / kg cadmium chloride intraperitoneally for 21 days and then 450 and 300,150 mg / kg hydroalcoholic extracts of aerial parts of Alcea rosea received intraperitoneally for 30 days. At the end of the experiment, the body weight and liver weight of the animals were measured. Blood samples were taken to measure albumin, bilirubin and total protein levels. Liver tissue samples were studied pathologically after hematoxylin-eosin staining. Results: The mean body weight in all experimental groups did not show significant changes compared to the sham group2. The mean liver weight in all experimental groups showed a significant increase compared to the sham group2. Mean serum bilirubin concentration in all experimental groups showed a significant decrease compared to the sham group2. The mean serum albumin concentration in the experimental group receiving 3 showed a significant increase compared to the sham group2. Mean serum albumin and total protein concentrations in the experimental group receiving 2 showed a significant increase compared to the sham group2 (P <0.05). In all experimental groups, the improvement of hepatic tissue changes induced by cadmium chloride was dose-dependent. Conclusion: It is possible that the hydroalcoholic extract of the aerial parts of Alcea rosea improves the changes in biochemical factors and hepatic tissue induced by cadmium chloride in male rats.},  
Keywords = {Aerial parts of Alcea rosea, Changes in biochemical factors, Cadmium chloride, Male rats},
volume = {12},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {144-156}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.61186/aums.12.2.144},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1703-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1703-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Safari, Abdolmohammad and Mohammadzadeh, Jahanshah and Ahmadi, Vahid and Mami, Shahram},  
title = {The effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction on self-efficacy, percived stress and depressive symptoms in female-headed households in Ilam}, 
abstract ={Background: Women heads of households, due to their important role in the home, are exposed to various physical and mental illnesses, including stress and depression. Therefore, education in this field and increasing women's self-efficacy can improve the quality of life and health status of these people. This study was designed and conducted to investigate the effect of mindfulness based stress reduction(MBSR)on self-efficacy, reducing stress and depressive symptoms in female-headed households in Ilam. Methods: The present study is a quasi-experimental study. Among women heads of households Sponsored by Imam Khomeini Relief Committee in Ilam, 30 people with high rates of depression and stress were randomly selected and .They were randomly divided into experimental and control groups (15 people eachgroup ). Eight 90-minute sessions of mindfulness-based stress reduction program were taught. Data collection tools were Depression, Perceived Stress and Self-Efficacy quetioners, which were completed by participants in three stages of pre-test, immediately after the intervention and two months after the intervention. The collected data were evaluated using SPSS software. Significance level was considered 0.05 Results: After mindfulness training, significant changes in depression (p <0.001), perceived stress (p= 0.010), and self-efficacy (p <0.001) were observed in the experimental group. Also, two months after the educational interventions, the changes caused by the training were stable and the mean scores of depression (11.07 ± 1.09), perceived stress (19.80 ± 7.32) and self-efficacy (59.73 ± 6.40) There was a significant difference in pre-test in the experimental group (p <0.05) Conclusion: The results of this study showed that MBSR education has a significant effect on increasing self-efficacy, reducing depressive symptoms and perceived stress.},  
Keywords = {Mindfulness, Self-efficacy, Depression, Stress, Female-headed households.},
volume = {12},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {157-168}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.61186/aums.12.2.157},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1704-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1704-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {EmamiGohari, Mina and Seirafi, MohammadReza and Vaezi, Amir Abbas and Ranjbaripoor, Tahereh and Mashayekh, Maryam},  
title = {The effect of compassionate mind group training in improvement of quality of life in patients with Ulcerative Colitis (one year follow-up)}, 
abstract ={Background: Several studies have demonstrated the efficacy of compassionate mind training for the quality of life in patients with chronic diseases. However, it remains to evaluate the effectiveness of this approach on patients with Ulcerative Colitis (UC). This study set out to assess the efficacy of compassionate mind training on improving patients' quality of life with Ulcerative Colitis. Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest-follow-up design with a control group and a one-year follow-up. The statistical population included UC patients who visited the Gastrointestinal Clinic at Bahonar Hospital in Fall 2018 and Winter 2019. 34 UC patients were selected using purposeful sampling and were randomly assigned to two equal-size control and experimental groups. The experimental group attended twelve 180-mins sessions of compassionate mind training and the Control group had a 180-min workshop on UC with no psychological interventions. Patients were assessed using inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire-short form in 3 stages: pre-test, post-test and 1-year follow-up. Data were analyzed by single factor covariance analysis and dependent t-test. Results: Results showed compassionate mind training was significantly effective in improving the quality of life in UC patients, both at the end of the interventions (P < 0.01) and at the end of the 1-year follow-up (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Compassionate mind training can be used as an effective psychological intervention and a complementary therapy to improve the quality of life in UC patients in addition to medical treatments.},  
Keywords = {Compassionate mind training, Ulcerative Colitis, Quality of life},
volume = {12},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {169-179}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.61186/aums.12.2.169},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1705-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1705-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Rahimi, Farhad and Heidarpoor, Peigham},  
title = {Stress management of Alborz Medical University health care worker and related  facotr  during  the Covid- 19 pandemic in 2021}, 
abstract ={Background: : The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the stress management caused by the covid-19 pandemic and its related factors in the health department personnel of Alborz University of Medical Sciences in 2021. Methods:In this descriptive-correlation study, statistical population included all the personnel of the Health Vice-Chancellor of Alborz University of Medical Sciences in 2021. The sampling method in the present study was stratified sampling and for this purpose, 1104 people were selected as the sample group. The tools used in this research were Mehralizadef stress management questionnaires. This quiestinnare is validated and relaiable for iranian population. Independent t test, multivariate variance test and Pearson correlation were used for data analysis. Results: The amount of stress management (stress tolerance and stress control) among the employees of the health department is lower than the average (t=-5.48) with increasing age (F=2.66) and education (F=10.16). ) increases. Also, there is a significant difference in stress management in groups with work environment (F=5.08) and type of employment (F=6.42). The results of the Pearson correlation test showed a positive relationship between stress management and education (r=0.17) and with age (r=-0.08), marital status (r=-0.07) and occupation (-0.12). =r) has a significant negative relationship (p>0.05). Conclusion: The study showed that the level of stress management related to Corona in health workers is low, and interventions and trainings based on stress management for the employees of this deputy can be helpful.},  
Keywords = {stress management, stress tolerance, stress control, COVID-19},
volume = {12},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {180-191}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.61186/aums.12.2.180},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1706-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1706-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Almasi, Ali and JoghatayiSabzvari, Rahmatolah and Najafpur, Fahimeh},  
title = {Combined methodology in "Interdisciplinary of medicine and religion" researches; with a case study of oral health}, 
abstract ={In the Islamic world, interdisciplinary studies of science and religion are on the rise, assuming that there is a connection between Islam and science, and that each can help each other. There is a lot of research in this area today (including medical and religious studies). However, due to the young age of such research, the important issue is the lack of a proper method in these studies. In fact, given that the method of research in science is different from the method of research in religion, the question is whether these two fields can have interdisciplinary joint research? And if these studies are possible, what are they like? The present article tries to provide a method called "Combined Method of Interdi- sciplinary Studies of Medicine and Religion" knowing that such studies are possible. , Microbiology, bacteriology, etc. are combined. However, depending on the case, some of these methods may not be used in some cases and in some cases some methods may be used two or more times. In this context, in the first speech, we discuss the theoretical foundations of research in which we discuss the possibility and occurrence of "religious science". Then we examine the term "science of Islamic medicine" and state that such a term does not exist from the point of view of the authors. Then we will deal with the position of Islamic health teachings and enumerate some Islamic health teachings. In the second speech, we describe the methodology of interdisciplinary studies of medicine and religion, enumerate the applied methods in religious research as well as medical research, and discuss how to combine it. Finally, outline the case studies of the interdisciplinary study of medicine and religion that the researchers themselves have and how they are combined. This applied research is done by documentary method and by referring to the library, reputable sites and related software.},  
Keywords = {Methodology, interdisciplinary research, religious science, Islamic medicine, Islamic health teachings.},
volume = {12},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {192-203}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.61186/aums.12.2.192},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1707-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1707-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Rezaiee, Mohsen and Athari, Zeynab},  
title = {How do sexual satisfaction and attachment styles influence sexual arousal and sexual inhibition in couples?}, 
abstract ={Introducing: Your marriage can be influenced by human sexual activity, which is vital. Aim: Hence, the aim of this study was to examine how sexual satisfaction and attachment styles influence sexual arousal and sexual inhibition in couples. Methods: The research method was descriptive - correlational. The statistical population included all married individuals of Bandar Abbas in 2016 year that 600 individuals were selected using random cluster sampling method. Sexual Excitation and Sexual Inhibition Inventory (SESII), Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (ISS) and Experience in Close Relationship (ECR-R) were used for gathering data. Pearson correlation and multiple regression and SPSS-22 software were used for analyzing the data Results: Pearson test results showed that there was a significant relationship between sexual excitation and sexual inhibition with sexual satisfaction and attachment styles (p< 0/05). Also regression analysis results showed that sexual satisfaction and attachment styles of anxiety and avoidance can explain together %77/3 of sexual excitation variance and %22/9 of sexual inhibition variance. Conclusion: According to the findings this study, can suggested training and intervention on improving sexual satisfaction and attachment styles as an effective way on creasing sexual excitation and decreasing sexual inhibition.},  
Keywords = {excitation, inhibition, sexual relationship, sexual satisfaction, attachment style.},
volume = {12},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {204-215}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.61186/aums.12.2.204},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1708-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1708-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Lotfi, Ali},  
title = {The specificity and specialty of renal ultrasonography versus VCUG in vesicoureteral reflux}, 
abstract ={Introduction: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) occurs in 1-3% of girls and 1% of boys. In girls، the peak age of UTI is during infancy and toilet training. UTIs are much more- common in uncircumcised boys، especially in the first year of  life. Vesico Urethral Reflux (VUR) is one of the most complications of UTI. The main way to diagnose VUR is VCUG. VUR can cause to renal scars that we can see most of these scars in renal ultrasonography. (RUS)   Material and Methods: We choosed 80 children that has been hospitalized from March، 2011 till December، 2012 in Qods educational and curative center of Qazvin for UTI and has been cured with intravenous antibiotic and we evaluated them. From this 80 children in 40 children، existence of VUR has been proved with VCUG and 40 children haven't any reflux.  All of these children did VCUG and ultrasonography to compare sensitivity and specificity of US vs "VCUG" to diagnose VUR.  Findings and Results:  Only in 14 of 40 children that VUR has been proved in them، we saw hydronephrosis in renal ultra sonography، but in 40 children that VCUG had disapproved VUR in them we didn't see any document for hydronephrosis in RUS.The sensitivity of kidneys & bladder ultrasonography to diagnosis of vesicourethral reflux in children with urinary tract infection is 35% and it`s specificity is 100%.We evaluated some of other findings in these 80 children. Conclusion: From this study we can conclude that although RUS hasn't high sensitivity to diaguse of VUR، it has high specificity to rule out of VUR in children.},  
Keywords = {Urinary Tract Infection, Renal Ultra Sonography, VCUG, Vesico Urethral Reflux.},
volume = {12},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {216-221}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.61186/aums.12.2.216},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1709-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1709-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Mirrajaee, Azade Al-Sadat and Vakili, Marjan and Arjmand, Reza and Firoozeh, Farzaneh and Omidinia, Narges and Zibaei, Mohammad and Farid, Malihe},  
title = {Investigation of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains in Children with Urinary Tract Infection in Karaj City}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the most common bacterial infections of childhood. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains, with the ability to successfully colonize the urinary tract, are recognized as the main cause of UTI. The aim of this study is to investigate UPEC strains in children with UTI in Karaj city during 1400-1401. Materials and Methods: In current study, 146 UPEC isolates were collected from children with UTI referred to Karaj Hospitals, Alborz province during January to August 2022. The identification of isolates as UPEC strains was confirmed using standard microbiological methods and biochemical tests. PCR method and amplification of 16SrRNA gene were used for confirmation of diagnosis. Statistical data analysis was performed with SPSS software version 23. Statistical comparison between groups was done using chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Results: The results showed that out of 146 children suffering from urinary tract infections caused by UPEC strains during the study period, 30 (20.5%) were male and 116 (79.5%) were female. In addition, 16 (11.0%) had underlying kidney disease and 130 (89.0%) had no underlying kidney disease. Conclusion: The present study showed that urinary infection with UPEC strains constitutes more than half of the cases of UTIs in children over one-year-old in Alborz province. In addition, the infection is almost 3.9-times more in girls over one year old than in boys. Although male children with underlying kidney disease are more likely to get UTI with the UPEC strains than female children with underlying kidney disease.},  
Keywords = {Urinary tract infections, Uropathogenic Escherichia coli, Children, Karaj},
volume = {12},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {222-228}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.61186/aums.12.3.222},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1740-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1740-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Jamilzadeh, Ali and Fathipour, Alireza and ShamsizadehMeimandi, Ali and Asadi, Ali and Fattahi, Hossei},  
title = {Comparative evaluation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection and carriers of Helicobacter pylori in restaurant staff}, 
abstract ={Background: Staphylococcus aureus is the most important human pathogen. Staphylococcus aureus is considered as a coagulase-producing strain and has extensive enzymatic and toxin activity. The nostrils and perineum are the major centers of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermis. Helicobacter pylori is the most common human infectious disease, causing gastric infections in more than 50% of people worldwide. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Helicobacter pylori carriers in restaurant staff. Methods: The present study is a descriptive cross-sectional study that was taken from the nasal swab and the palm of the hand to take samples and the food preparation department (restaurant kitchen) as well as the feces of 54 employees located in the active restaurant in Tehran with Gathering age, sex, history of gastrointestinal disease and previous occupation were collected. The culture medium used was Müller Hinton Agar (Merck-Germany) which was prepared according to the instructions and the discs purchased from Hi media (Himedia India) were quality controlled. DNA extraction from fecal samples was performed using Sinagen commercial kit according to the instructions provided by the kit and Multiplex PCR test was used to identify vacA, cagE, cagT, cagA and hrgA genes as well as BlaCTX-M, 16SrRNA and mecA.               Results: In this study, the results of antibiogram from 54 cases of coagulase positive and negative staphylococcal infections and Helicobacter pylori infection were evaluated. Percentage of resistance of each of the different isolates to antibiotics used as gentamicin 11%, amikacin 21%, oxacillin 48%, penicillin 67%, ciprofloxacin 19%, erythromycin 49%, methicillin 79%, and tetracycline 24%. Percentage of resistance of different isolates was seen. Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in people working with clinical signs of enteritis, gastric infection, it can be stated that Helicobacter pylori has an important role in causing enteritis and as a carcinogen in the studied samples. Due to the presence of bacteria that can be transmitted to others, it is necessary to identify and treat human carriers.},  
Keywords = {Staphylococcus aureus, Helicobacter pylori, Restaurant, Antibiotic resistance},
volume = {12},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {229-242}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.61186/aums.12.3.229},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1742-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1742-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Haghjoyan, Neda and GhaemMaghami, Zahr},  
title = {Relation between pattern  prescribed insulin(infusion and sc) and complications after transplant  heart surgery in unit care of rajaee heart center}, 
abstract ={Background: The progression of atherosclerosis, which is the main cause of many heart surgeries, find it far more quickly with diabetes because diabetes is the production of c-peptide that causes increased permeability is increased vascular Intimal layer regresses. On the information obtained through x-ray Angio in diabetics the Central plaque is composed of the Atrium and most of the patients with acute coronary syndrome and a heart attack. More than half of diabetics eventually suffer heart symptoms and more than 30 percent of them will eventually need surgery for the annual three million that the world's heart surgery is done when two million people suffering from diabetes and a million people suffering from diabetes and blood pressure simultaneously. Increase insulin Hyperglycemia omghaomet mortality and respiratory cardiac arrest in all diabetic patients. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study : the patient's transplant surgery under the oriented 200 coronary artery disease from the time of admission to the special care unit until a clearance incidence of clinical implications of blood sugar with a glucose infusion and sc in two ways. And in terms of glycemic control and alertness and infection after arterial blood gas changes and acid and Ventilator device for connection to the death, and stay in the special section in the control of blood sugar with plows and postoperative infusion about comparisons and reviews. The information in the check-list was collected by a registered researcher. And using the analytical and descriptive statistics and SPSS software version 15 analysis. Results and conclusion: in this study, the relationship between significant statistically the pattern was not observed in patients prescribed on this first hypothesis verification research because it was near the average of the blood sugar in the group a significant correlation between Hypokalemia. And acidosand longterm icu unit a with blood sugar was seen striking the infusion group., and the first to accept the significant relationship between the blood sugar and Intubation more than 24 hours and bolous was seen,.. Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in people working with clinical signs of enteritis, gastric infection, it can be stated that Helicobacter pylori has an important role in causing enteritis and as a carcinogen in the studied samples. Due to the presence of bacteria that can be transmitted to others, it is necessary to identify and treat human carriers.},  
Keywords = {diabetes, insulin, blood sugar, pattern prescribed insulin after transplant surgery},
volume = {12},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {243-257}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.61186/aums.12.3.243},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1743-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1743-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Moradi, Abozar and Momeni, Zahra and Farbod, Farnaz},  
title = {Assessment of patients’ satisfaction attended the dental faculty of Alborz University of Medical Sciences in Karaj in 2018}, 
abstract ={Background: Patient’ satisfaction is one of the most important indicators of the quality of dental service. This study aimed to assess the satisfaction of patients referring to the dental faculty of Alborz University of Medical Sciences in Karaj, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 258 patients who attended surgery, prosthodontics, periodontics, endodontics, restorative, and radiology departments in 2018. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Independent T-test and one-way ANOVA were used to compare the mean satisfaction scores between sections. Results: The mean age of patients was 43.1±11.3 years old. Overall, 48.8% of patients were male and 51.2% were female. The satisfaction of patients was 77.7±12.8 in the pain area. The most satisfaction in the pain management area was in the prosthodontics department (90.9±7.9) and the least in the surgical department (69.8±11.5). The most satisfaction in the access area was in the surgical department (80.8±8.0) and the least in the endodontics department (71.4±10.0). Overall satisfaction was 78.5±5.6. Conclusion: The result of this study showed that the satisfaction rate of patients referring to the dental faculty of Alborz University of Medical Sciences is at the optimum level. However, in some areas of treatment, there is a need for further review and research to improve the quality of health care.},  
Keywords = {Patient Satisfaction, Health Care Quality, Pain Management, Dental Service},
volume = {12},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {258-270}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.61186/aums.12.3.258},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1744-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1744-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Aghaie, Marzieh and Asadpour, Leil},  
title = {The Study of antimicrobial and anti-biofilm synergistic effects of ciprofloxacin and Morus nigra extract against Pseudomonas aeruginosa}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram - negative bacterium and one of the most important opportunity seeker pathogens in hospital infections that are typically obtained simultaneously. This study was carried out with the aim of examining the synergistic effects of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin and extracts of Morus nigra in the control of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm. Materials and Methods: In this study, synergistic effects of ciprofloxacin antibiotic and Morus nigra extracts were used to inhibit the growth and biofilm formation of the 10 isolates of multi drug resistant P.  aeruginosa. Disc diffusion method has been used to determine antibiotic resistance. To examine the synergistic antimicrobial activities between Morus nigra extract and ciprofloxacin, Checker titration method was used to calculate the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC). The effect of Morus nigra extract, ciprofloxacin antibiotics and the combination of both of them on the expression level of pslA gene was investigated by Real time PCR. Results: Morus nigra extract showed antimicrobial effect against MDR P.  aeruginosa strains. The use of this extract in combination with ciprofloxacin had an additive effect on inhibition of growth of P. aeruginosa and at least 60% reduction in biofilm formation of test isolates was achieved (P˂0.05). Also, Morus nigra extract alone and in combination with ciprofloxacin antibiotic decreased the pslA gene expression levels. Conclusion: The present results are promising in regard to the possibility of using Morus nigra extract to increase the effect of sinus for antibiotics infections. The use of this extract, or instead of antibiotics, may be a way of reducing the use of antibiotics, thus reducing the side effects and treatment costs of infectious diseases.},  
Keywords = {Herbal extract, Morus nigra, Synergism, Biofilm, P. aeroginosa},
volume = {12},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {271-282}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.61186/aums.12.3.271},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1745-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1745-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Rahmati, Rahim and Taklavi, Somayyeh and Mousazadeh, Tavakkol},  
title = {The comparison of the effects of schema therapy and meaning therapy on the level of schadenfreude in married men involved in extramarital relations}, 
abstract ={Background: Lack of agreement in common life may sometimes results in divorce. The most important reasons of divorce were infidelity in marriage and extramarital affairs in recent years. Schadenfreude is a kind of emotion that is much seen in the married when one of the two spouses figures out the other spouse's extramarital involvement. Therefore, this study aims to compare the effect of schema therapy and meaning therapy on the level of schadenfreude in men with extramarital relations. Materials: This study is of testing type with multi group pretest-posttest. The population includes all married men who consulted a psychologist in Tehran consulting office in 1399 that after the primary interview they were identify as disloyal men in their common lives. Among this 30 qualified volunteer people were randomly place in three 15-member groups including meaning therapy and emotional schema therapy and control group. Assessment tool was schadenfreude questionnaire (Smith et al 1996). Results: The results of data analysis indicated that schema therapy and meaning therapy play significant roles on schadenfreude reduction. On the other hand, the results of post-hoc show that in spite of a significant difference between control and test groups, no difference was report between therapeutic interventions in terms of having effect on schadenfreude. Conclusion: Regarding to the results of finding's analysis, it is resulted that schema therapy and meaning therapy intervention sessions are effective in reducing schadenfreude in married men involved in extramarital relations.},  
Keywords = {schadenfreude, emotional schema therapy, extramarital, meaning therapy.},
volume = {12},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {283-292}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.61186/aums.12.3.283},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1746-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1746-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Aalizadeh, Ali and Moghimi, Sara and Salmani, Masoomeh and Akbarzadeh, Samad and Azarbayjani, Mohammad Ali and Moghadamnia, Davoo},  
title = {The effect of aqueous extract of  Urtica Dioica  and swimming activity on biochemical factors and renal tissue changes in diabetic rats}, 
abstract ={Background: Use of medicinal plants is considered as a safe and effective alternative treatment for hyperglycemia. In addition to the positive effects of exercise on diabetic patients. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Urtica Dioica (UD) and Swimming activity on the kidney Properties in diabetic rats Materials: Adult male rats were randomly distributed in nine groups: intact control, diabetic control,diabetic + 625 mg/kg, 1.25 g/kg UD, diabetic + 100 mg/kg Metformin, diabetic + swimming, diabetic + swimming 625 mg/kg, 1.25 g/kg UD, and diabetic +100 mg/kg Metformin + swimming. Aqueous extract of  Urtica Dioica was given to rats by gavage for 4 weeks. Swim training protocol was performed for 4 weeks, 5 days per week. Blood bilirubin, albumin, creatinine and uric acid were determined. Renal tissue changes were examined in different experimental groups. Results: Bilirubin levels in metformin group, diabetes with swim training group, swim training with metformin group, UD extract at a dose of 1.25 g/kg group, UD extract at a dose of 625 mg/kg  group, UD extract at a dose of 1.25 g/kg with swim training group, UD extract at a dose of 625 mg/kg with swim training with diabetic control group showed a significant increase (p<0.05). Albumin, creatinine and uric acid levels compared to diabetic control group were not significantly different. Conclusion: The present results show that swimming training with Urtica Dioica extract has beneficial effects on renal tissue changes in diabetic rats and these effects are dose dependent.},  
Keywords = {Urtica dioica, Bilirubin, Creatinine, Swimming exercise, Uric acid, Rats},
volume = {12},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {293-303}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.61186/aums.12.3.293},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1747-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1747-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Mahmoodi, Seyed Mohammad Mehdi and Javanmardi, Farahnaz},  
title = {Study of antibacterial effect of Peganum harmala extract on Streptococcus sanguinis and study of
 its synergistic effect with some common 
antibiotics}, 
abstract ={Background: Today, the main strategy for the treatment of bacterial infections is the use of antibiotics, but due to side effects and increased antibiotic resistance, the use of complementary or alternative methods to treat infectious diseases has become particularly important. Methods: Aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Peganum harmala seeds were prepared by soaking method. The MIC and MBC of the extracts were determined for one strain of Streptococcus sanguinis. The synergistic effect of the produced extracts with the antibiotics ampicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin was also investigated. Results: The results of this study showed that aqueous extract of Peganum harmala in concentrations of 1250 and 2500 μg / ml, and alcoholic extract of this plant in concentrations of 625 and 1250 μg / ml have inhibitory and lethal effect on the studied bacteria, respectively. In the study of the phenomenon of synergism between aqueous and alcoholic extracts with the studied antibiotics, which was done by the checkerboard method, it was found that the alcoholic extract of this plant has synergistic effect with the antibiotic clindamycin. Conclusion: Alcoholic extract of Peganum harmala seeds can show a good antibacterial effect against Streptococcus sanguinis, one of the important species living in the mouth and the cause of endocarditis. Further research on the extraction and purification of effective compounds from this plant and the study of therapeutic effects or its possible side effects in the living organism, can be a step towards the use of herbal medicines as a supplement or alternative to common antibiotics.},  
Keywords = {Peganum harmala, aqueous extract, alcoholic extract, Synergism},
volume = {12},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {304-311}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.61186/aums.12.3.304},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1748-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1748-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Ghavami, Mehrnoush and Shariati, Mehrdad and Mokhtari, Mokhtar and Khatamsaz, Saeed and Moghadamnia, Davoo},  
title = {Protective effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Passiflora caerulea aerial parts against  lipid dysfunction induced by cadmium chloride in male rats}, 
abstract ={Background: Cadmium chloride causes  lipid dysfunction. In this study, the protective effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Passiflora caerulea aerial parts against lipid dysfunction induced by cadmium chloride in male rats were investigated. Methods: In this experimental study, 54 adult male wistar rats were divided into 6 groups of 9. The control group, The sham group received  2 ml / distilled water as solvent. The negative control group  received 2 mg / kg cadmium chloride intraperitoneally for 21 days. Experimental 1, 2 and 3 groups: respectively, received 2 mg / kg cadmium chloride intraperitoneally for 21 days and then 150,300 and 450 mg / kg hydroalcoholic extracts of aerial parts of Passiflora caerulea intraperitoneally for 30 days. Blood samples were taken from all animals at the end of the experiment. Blood samples were taken to measure levels of HDL, LDL, total cholesterol and triglycerides. Data were analyzed according to SPSS18 program, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests. Results: The mean serum concentrations of total cholesterol, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in all experimental groups compared to the negative control group showed a significant decrease. Mean serum high-density lipoproteins (HDL) concentration in experimental 2 and 3 groups  showed a significant increase compared to the negative control group (P <0.05). Conclusion: The hydroalcoholic extract of the aerial parts of Passiflora caerulea probably corrects the lipid dysfunction induced by cadmium chloride in male rats.},  
Keywords = {Passiflora caerulea, Cadmium chloride, Lipid dysfunction, Male rats},
volume = {12},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {312-320}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.61186/aums.12.3.312},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1749-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1749-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {TayefiNasrabadi, Mahsima and Aghamohammadi, Mohammadreza and Havasian, Mohammadrez},  
title = {Evaluation of Prevalence of the Pulp Calcifications in Panoramic Images of Patients Referred To the Oral
 and Maxillofacial Radiology Department of Alborz Dental School In 2020}, 
abstract ={Background: Pulp stones and pulp sclerosis is the kind of calcification in the dental pulp for which the etiological factors influencing its formation have not yet been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of pulpal stones and pulpal sclerosis in Alborz Dental School. Methods: This retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on panoramic radiographic stereotypes of 700 patients referred to the dental school of Alborz University of Medical Sciences in 2020. For this purpose, patient file information was collected and analyzed with SPSS-24 statistical software. Results: The prevalence of pulp stones in patients was 1.93 and in the studied teeth was 15.4%. The prevalence of pulpal sclerosis in patients was 3.3% and in teeth was 20.3%. The highest prevalence of pulpal stones is in maxillary molars and the highest prevalence of pulpal sclerosis is in mandibular molars. The prevalence of pulp in women was significantly higher than men and in the age groups of 40 to 50 years. There was no significant relationship between gender and the prevalence of pulpal sclerosis, but it was more common in the age group of 30 to 40 years than other ages. Conclusion: Pulp stones and pulp sclerosis are relatively common and increase with gender and age. The high prevalence of stones and the possible common mechanisms between pulp calcification and other diseases could be the basis for designing other studies.},  
Keywords = {Dental pulp calcification, Dental pulp stone, Dental pulp sclerosis, panoramic radiography},
volume = {12},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {321-329}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.61186/aums.12.3.321},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1750-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1750-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Brarpour, Foroozan and Kurdestani, Fereshte and Delgoshai, Yalda and Abad, Masoumeh},  
title = {Prioritization of dimensions, components and empowerment indicators of midwives who working in the maternity ward of Tehran educational hospitals}, 
abstract ={Introduction: In the last decade, the role of human resources approach in development has been considered due to the important role of human factor in the development process. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of prioritizing the dimensions, components and empowerment indicators of midwives working in the delivery ward of educational hospitals in Tehran Method: The present study is quantitative, descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional. Research samples 403 people were selected using Cochran's equation from among 449 midwives working in the obstetrics department of Tehran educational and medical centers by cluster random sampling method. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was determined by Cronbach's alpha and reliability based on test-retest method and data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22 and descriptive statistics and Friedman test. findings: Comparison of mean rankings showed that among the dimensions of the highest rank with the average (3/95) to the organizational dimension, among the components the highest rank (11/82) to health and safety of the workplace and among the indicators the highest rank (33/32) in proportion to the requirements Work with beliefs, values ​​and behaviors (Pvalue<0/001). Conclusion: The most important dimension of organizational empowerment is the most important component of workplace health and safety and the most important indicator of the fit between work requirements and beliefs, values ​​and behaviors.},  
Keywords = {Prioritization, empowerment, midwifery, educational hospitals.},
volume = {12},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {330-340}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.61186/aums.12.3.330},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1751-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1751-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Lalvand, Mahshid and HashemiHazaveh, Jamal and Bayat, Mansour},  
title = {Investigating Terbinafine in the Treatment of dermatophytosis created in Indian pigs and comparing it with the amount of efficient terbinafine in the commercial drug}, 
abstract ={Introduction: In general, animals are an important source of alopecia for humans, both in urban and rural areas. Therefore, the issue of controlling dermatophytosis in animals is important for public health. The presence of infected epidermal shells in public places can be a potential source of infection. Given the high prevalence of dermatophytosis and considering the treatment of problems in some forms of the disease and the side effects of antifungal drugs, the need for appropriate replacement with current drugs seems essential. Materials and Methods: Standard Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC18748 isolate and clinical isolates of Trichophyton mentagrophytes were used in the present study. 1% terbinafine in nano-form of terbinafine). Inoculation in guinea pigs was performed by the method described by Tagami et al. The site of daily lesion was followed for 20 days in terms of clinical symptoms. Results: In studies performed on lesion score average in the nano-form group, terbinafine was combined on the first day of treatment, showing a score of 3 (significant redness with large crust). And for the normal form of the drug terbinafine (group 4) shows the number 4 (ulcers and scars along with those in grade 3), the process of reducing the degree of lesions in the treatment groups of nano-drugs, occurred between 10 and 15 days. Which is accompanied by an increase in the next 5 days. And continued with a logical process until the 40th day. On day 40, all groups had a zero score except for positive control. Conclusion: This study shows that nano-drugs are suitable for the treatment of dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes and in terms of the effectiveness of treatment with the usual form of drugs have a more comparable intensity and speed of recovery.},  
Keywords = {Trichophyton Mentagrophytes, Nano drugs, Terbinafine, Guinea pig},
volume = {12},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {341-353}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.61186/aums.12.3.341},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1752-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1752-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Rasoulian, Mahmoud and Ghorbani, Mustafa and Sirfi, Muhammad Reza and Ghodrati, Nilofar and MalehiAl-Zhakrini, Saee},  
title = {Comparison of the effectiveness of ACT therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy on life expectancy and blood hemoglobin in patients with thalassemia major}, 
abstract ={Introduction and purpose: Thalassemia patients are associated with a wide range of serious psychological and clinical challenges and, like any other chronic disease, the psychological state of individuals is affected. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of act therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy on life expectancy and hemoglobin levels in patients with thalassemia major. Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test design, post-test with control group. A total of 75 thalassemia major patients referred to Imam Ali Hospital in Karaj who were eligible for the study were identified and randomly assigned to three groups of 25 (two intervention groups and one control group). For the first group, act therapy was performed in 8 sessions and in the second group, cognitive-behavioral therapy was performed in 8 sessions, and the control group received routine care. Results: Mixed analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the effect of treatment (act) and cognitive-behavioral therapy on increasing life expectancy in patients with thalassemia major (P = 0.001) was statistically significant compared to the control group. Also, the increase in mean life expectancy in act therapy was more than cognitive-behavioral therapy and was statistically significant (P <0.001). But there was no significant difference in hemoglobin level between experimental and control groups. Conclusion: Considering the effectiveness of treatment (act) and cognitive-behavioral therapy on life expectancy in patients with thalassemia major, the results of this study can be used in real applications.},  
Keywords = {Act, Cognitive-Behavioral, Life expectancy, Hemoglobin, Thalassemia},
volume = {12},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {354-361}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.61186/aums.12.3.354},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1753-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1753-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Tavakoli, Hajar and GhasemiMadain, Fateme and Khiabani, Laden and Amiri, Mehrdad and Yadgari, Nilufar and Fallahnejad, Atefeh and Mahboobian, Parveen and Sadeghi, Zahra and Sepandar, Farnaz},  
title = {Evaluation of urinary iodine and its related factors in elementary students of Alborz province}, 
abstract ={Background: Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) are the most important epidemic disorders in the world. In the last two decades, the elimination of IDD has been considered as an integral part of many national nutrition strategies. The aim of current research was to determine the urinary iodine and its related factors in elementary students of Alborz province. Methods: In a cross sectional study 240 students of both genders, aged from 8-10 years were selected from urban and rural area of Alborz province were selected by cluster sampling method. Participants' urine was collected, and urinary iodine was measured. Information on nutrients intake was collected by a 24-hour feed recall method. Questionnaires on general data and anthropometric measurements (height, weight, BMI) were performed by a nutritionist. Significance level (p value <0.05) was considered. Results: Of 240 participants, including 118 girls and 110 men, only 37% were in normal condition. 20% of students had iodine deficiency and 43% had excessive urinary iodine. The mean urinary iodine was not significantly different between the two groups. There was a weak but significant relationship between time of cooking and mean urinary iodine. Correlation between BMI and mean urinary iodine showed a weak negative correlation, which was statistically significant (p <0.02). Conclusion: The prevalence of iodine-related disorders (high and iodine deficiency) has increased in recent years in Alborz province. Modification of iodine salt consumption pattern and BMI seems to be effective in reducing disorders.},  
Keywords = {Urine iodine, Elementary students, Nutrients intake, BMI, salt consumption pattern},
volume = {12},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {362-371}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.61186/aums.12.4.362},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1077-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1077-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Hedayatnezhad, Meysam and Siahkouhian, Marefat and NaghizadehBaghi, Abbas and rahbarghazi, Afshi},  
title = {The acute effects of Red Bull & Mega Basic consumption on blood lactate and anaerobin abilities in active young male}, 
abstract ={Background: The progression of atherosclerosis, which is the main cause of many heart surgeries, find it far more quickly with diabetes because diabetes is the production of c-peptide that causes increased permeability is increased vascular Intimal layer regresses. On the information obtained through x-ray Angio in diabetics the Central plaque is composed of the Atrium and most of the patients with acute coronary syndrome and a heart attack. More than half of diabetics eventually suffer heart symptoms and more than 30 percent of them will eventually need surgery for the annual three million that the world's heart surgery is done when two million people suffering from diabetes and a million people suffering from diabetes and blood pressure simultaneously. Increase insulin Hyperglycemia omghaomet mortality and respiratory cardiac arrest in all diabetic patients. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study : the patient's transplant surgery under the oriented 200 coronary artery disease from the time of admission to the special care unit until a clearance incidence of clinical implications of blood sugar with a glucose infusion and sc in two ways. And in terms of glycemic control and alertness and infection after arterial blood gas changes and acid and Ventilator device for connection to the death, and stay in the special section in the control of blood sugar with plows and postoperative infusion about comparisons and reviews. The information in the check-list was collected by a registered researcher. And using the analytical and descriptive statistics and SPSS software version 15 analysis. Results and conclusion: in this study, the relationship between significant statistically the pattern was not observed in patients prescribed on this first hypothesis verification research because it was near the average of the blood sugar in the group a significant correlation between Hypokalemia. And acidosand longterm icu unit a with blood sugar was seen striking the infusion group., and the first to accept the significant relationship between the blood sugar and Intubation more than 24 hours and bolous was seen,.. Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in people working with clinical signs of enteritis, gastric infection, it can be stated that Helicobacter pylori has an important role in causing enteritis and as a carcinogen in the studied samples. Due to the presence of bacteria that can be transmitted to others, it is necessary to identify and treat human carriers.},  
Keywords = {diabetes, insulin, blood sugar ,pattern prescribed insulin  after transplant surgery},
volume = {12},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {372-382}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.61186/aums.12.4.372},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1186-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1186-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {ZanganehBaygi, Mehdi and Peyvand, Mostaf},  
title = {Experiences of service providers about the blood pressure campaign in Iran: A qualitative study}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Cardiovascular disease is one of the most common diseases in the world and is known as the most common cause of adult mortality in the world. It is considered and causes one in eight deaths. The National Blood Pressure Control Mobilization for all people over the age of 30 throughout Iran began in June 2017. In order to investigate the effects and use of people's experiences of the campaign, the present study was conducted to explain the experiences of providers about the blood pressure campaign in Iran. Methods: This study was qualitative research using content analysis method, which was conducted with an applied purpose in 2018. The study population included all employees of the affiliated units of the Deputy Minister of Health. In order to prevent the influence of the researcher's mentality on the interviews and the research process, the researcher simply placed the interviewee in the way of answering the questions and prevented any induction and influence based on their mentalities. Structured was collected Content analysis method was used to analyze the data. Results: A total of 42 interviewees with an age range of 30 to 40 years, including physicians, experts and managers of health care providers, health workers were included in the study. 24 males and 18 females. Four main themes and 23 sub-themes were extracted Conclusion: The integration of temporary, short-term and unforeseen programs vertically in the health system reduces the quality and increases the workload of personnel. Which needs to review the current service package and pay attention to the job evaluation, timing of activities.},  
Keywords = {Campaign, Blood pressure, non-communication},
volume = {12},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {383-394}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.61186/aums.12.4.383},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1596-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1596-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Nazari, Morteza and Yazdani, Shahrooz and Rahimi, Fatemeh},  
title = {The effect of Implementation of Automatic Stop Order  program on the management of the request and the cost of frequent and costly tests in Shahid Rajaei Educational and medical center}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Laboratories, on average, allocated for about 4 percent of Hospital's budget and are often considered the main focus of health care spending. There is a wide range of laboratory automation options available today that Designed to improve the quality and efficiency of laboratory tests. The aim of this study was to investigate The effect of Implementation of Automatic Stop Order  program on the management of the request and the cost of frequent and costly tests in Shahid Rajaei Educational and medical center. Research Methods: This research is analytical and comparative. In terms of time, the work is cross-sectional-longitudinal. After of data collection of before and after of Implementation of Automatic Stop Order  program,  analysis was carried out with the SPSS 19&Excel softwares. Results: In order to establish the Auto Stop Order program to control the amount of requests and the cost of frequent tests, first the number of requests and the total cost of tests in Shahid Rajaei Medical Training Center were examined and all the laboratory services requested in the hospital, 27 laboratory services were selected to apply in the Auto Stop Order program. The total number of requests after the implementation of the Auto Stop Order program decreased by 11% and 8100 laboratory services. Also, after the implementation of the Auto Stop Order program on 27 costly tests, the cost of the tests was reduced by 16% and the amount was 445,004,725 Rials. Conclusion: Using the Auto Stop Order program can lead to rational prescribing of tests according to clinical guidelines, reducing the cost of patients' and resource control, and saving hospital laboratory costs. Therefore, managers and policy makers of the health system should create a suitable platform to use this program as a way to reduce costs in the laboratories of public hospitals in the country.},  
Keywords = {Auto Stop Order, Test, Cost.},
volume = {12},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {395-407}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.61186/aums.12.4.395},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1599-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1599-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Mohammadi, Maryam and GolmohammadiFarid, Bagher},  
title = {Comparison of the effect of two different educational methods (face-to-face and virtual) on each ability to determine tooth color of Alborz University of Medical Science dental students}, 
abstract ={Background and Aims: Color is the most important and complicated part of aesthetic dentistry. The tooth color matching of restorations is considered as one of the most difficult tasks in the restorative dentistry. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of two training methods on the dental students’ of Alborz dental Faculty ability in determining tooth color matching. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 40 Alborz dental students were randomly divided into two groups. The first group was trained face to face and the second group was trained matching virtually. Students were asked to determine the color of the samples before, after and one month after the training using the Vita Classic color shade. The results were analyzed by chi-square test and Fisher exact test and SPSS v24 statistical software. Results: Training was effective in both groups, but there was no significant difference between face-to-face and virtual training methods. There was no significant difference between the semester and sex with the ability to determine tooth color in both face-to-face and virtual methods. Conclusion: Face to face and virtual training has no significant difference effect on improving the accuracy of color determination and show the need to explain and continue the continuously training in this field in general dentists and dental students to improve their knowledge and awareness in the field of color determination.},  
Keywords = {Dental education, Color matching, Shade guide, Vita classic},
volume = {12},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {408-416}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.61186/aums.12.4.408},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1563-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1563-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Dehghani, Mahnaz and Shariati, Mehr},  
title = {The protective effect of curcumin on changes in serum concentrations of LH, FSH, testosterone and testicular tissue induced by methotrexate in adult male rat}, 
abstract ={Background: Curcumin has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of curcumin on changes in the serum concentration of LH, FSH , testosterone hormones and testicular tissue induced by methotrexate in adult male rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 30 adult male Wistar rats with an approximate weight of 230-260 grams were divided into 6 groups of 5 each. Control group, sham group: 1 ml of distilled water as a solvent, experimental group 1: methotrexate (5 mg/kg), experimental group 2: curcumin (400 mg/kg), experimental group 3: methotrexate (5 mg/kg) + curcumin (200 mg/kg), experimental group 4 : methotrexate (5 mg/kg) + curcumin (400 mg/kg). After 28 days of treatment in the form of gavage injection, blood was taken directly from the heart to measure the serum concentration of  LH, FSH and testosterone hormones. The testicles were removed and tissue changes were examined after hematoxylin-eosin staining. The data results were analyzed based on one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test. Results: In the group receiving methotrexate, the level of testosterone hormone, the number of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, sperm and leydig decreased and the serum level of LH and FSH increased significantly compared to the control and sham groups. In the groups receiving methotrexate + curcumin, curcumin was able to compensate the adverse effects caused by methotrexat (P <0.05). Conclusion: Curcumin can improve the changes in serum testosterone, FSH, LH concentration and testicular tissue induced by methotrexate in adult male rats.},  
Keywords = {Curcumin, Methotrexate, Testosterone, Testis, Adult male rat.},
volume = {12},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {417-427}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.61186/aums.12.4.417},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1575-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1575-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Zarehdar, Reza and Hassanpourezatti, Maji},  
title = {Evaluation of malondialdehyde and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha level in the brain of carbamazepine and vitamin B-6 combined treatment groups in the infant rat model of maximum electroshock seizure}, 
abstract ={Introduction: Despite the development of new drugs over the past 20 years, the proportion of drug-resistant epilepsy has not changed. In this study, the effect of vitamin B6 and carbamazepine cotreatment was investigated on the duration of the tonic response, the malondialdehyde (MDA) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels in the brain of neonate rats in the maximal electroshock (MES) model. Methods: Seventy neonatal Wistar rats were divided into seven groups: (1) control, (2) saline and MES, (3) carbamazepine (40 mg/kg), (4 and 5) vitamin B-6 (300 and 600 mg/kg), and (6 and 7) vitamin B-6 + carbamazepine (300 + 40 mg/kg) and (600 + 40 mg/kg). All drugs were injected intraperitoneally 1 hour before applying MES. The duration of hind leg extension (HLE), and the level MDA and TNF-α in brain homogenate of rats were measured. Results: The treatments did not affect the number of deaths of rats. Administration of carbamazepine (40mg/kg, i.p.) and vitamin B6 (300 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly (p <0.01) reduced the HLE duration. Vitamin B-6 (600 mg/kg) only enhanced the reducing effect of carbamazepine on the duration of HLE compared to the carbamazepine alone group. Treatment with vitamin B-6 and carbamazepine alone reduced the level of MDA and TNF-α in the brain of convulsive rats, but their combined administration did not have a synergistic effect on the suppression of these factors. Conclusion: The mechanism underlying the enhancement of the anticonvulsant response of carbamazepine administration with vitamin B-6 is independent of the modulation of MDA and TNF-a in the brain.},  
Keywords = {Seizures, Vitamin B6, infant, carbamazepine, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, malondialdehyde.},
volume = {12},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {428-437}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.61186/aums.12.4.428},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1601-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1601-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Moshiri, Mona and Faghih, Manizhe and Ahmadzadeh, Fatemeh and AbedianKenari, Saee},  
title = {Evaluation of different doses of acetic acid on the induction of acute ulcerative colitis and cytokine profile in BALB/c mice; An experimental study}, 
abstract ={Introduction: IBD is a multifactorial disease that is classified as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. in this study, we aimed to assess the effects of different volume of 4% acetic acid to induction of acute ulcerative colitis and immunological responses in BALB/c mice. Methods: In this experimental study, mice were divided into four groups (five mice in each group). Then, control group was injected intrarectally with normal saline, in the case groups different volume of 4% acetic acid (60, 80 and 100 μl) were injected intrarectally. Clinical manifestations of colitis in mice including: weight loss, bleeding and diarrhea were evaluated daily. The animal groups were sacrificed on day 3 after injection and were examined microscopically and macroscopically. The supernatant of spleens cells was harvested and IFN-γ and IL-10 concentrations were measured by sandwich ELISA. The results of the study were analyzed and reported using Graphpad Prism software version 5. Results: In microscopic and macroscopic examinations, significant lymphocyte infiltration was observed in the injected groups with doses of 60, 80 and 100 μl of acetic acid compared to the control group. However, no significant difference was observed macroscopically and microscopically between the acetic acid groups at doses of 60 and 80 μl. The use of 100 doses of acetic acid also induced colitis with acute symptoms and no mortality in mice. Also, evaluation of cytokines after induction of ulcerative colitis showed a significant increase in IFNγ levels and a decrease in IL-10 in the acetic acid group with a dose of 100, compared with the control group and other groups. Conclusion: It seems that the use of 100 μl of 4% acetic acid with the proposed protocol can induce acute experimental colitis in female BALB/c mice as an optimal dose.},  
Keywords = {Inflammatory bowel disease, animal model, acute colitis, acetic acid},
volume = {12},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {438-447}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.61186/aums.12.4.438},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1568-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1568-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {GhaedniayJahromi, Ali and Panaghi, Leili and Imani, Saeed and Heidari, Mahmood and Norouzi, Alirez},  
title = {The Structure And Psychometric Properties Of the Organizational Structure Assessment Questionnaire For Addiction Harm Reduction Centers}, 
abstract ={Aim: The present research was conducted with the aim of developing a tool to evaluate the organizational structure of transit centers to reduce addiction harm. Method: This research was created with the qualitative analysis method of the questionnaire, and the psychometric characteristics were investigated with the quantitative method of confirmatory factor analysis. The research community included experts and officials working in transition centers in 2019 and 2020. Sampling in the qualitative section continued until theoretical saturation, and in the quantitative section, 237 people were sampled. In the qualitative part of the interview method with experts and officials of transit centers and through content analysis, important indicators were identified and the tool was developed, and in the quantitative part, the validation of the tool was done through confirmatory factor analysis. The research tool in the qualitative part included a semi-structured interview, and in the quantitative part, the tool was made in the qualitative stage. Results: a total of 10 themes in the qualitative section named founder, employees, supporting organization, physical environment, monitoring and supervision, training program, Out Reach team, statistics and information, performance and social and responsible support as The sub-codes of the organizational structure were obtained and finally led to the construction of a questionnaire with a main scale and 10 components and a total of 80 items. In the quantitative part, the results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated the fit of the model with the data (RMSEA=0.02 and Chi2/df=1.16). Conclusion: The compiled questionnaire is a suitable tool for measuring the organizational structure of harm reduction in harm reduction transit centers, and therefore, this tool can be used on a wide level to measure the provision of transit center services.},  
Keywords = {addiction harm reduction center, factor analysis, measurement tool, organizational structure},
volume = {12},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {448-467}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.61186/aums.12.4.448},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1578-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1578-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Solimannejad, Mohamad and Niazi, Mohsen and Solimannejad, Tahereh},  
title = {Irrational Beliefs and Tendency to Risky Behaviors (Case Study of Youth and Adolescents in Kashan)}, 
abstract ={Objectives: Committing risky behaviors poses a threat to health and risks to the future of individuals and society. Irrational thoughts play a disruptive role in people's interpretation and evaluation of life realities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect and relationship between irrational and dysfunctional beliefs and the tendency to risky behaviors among young people and adolescents in Kashan. Methods: The research method used in the present study was a survey and the statistical sample of the study was 552 young people and adolescents in Kashan based on Cochran's formula and possible sampling method appropriate to the volume was selected as the final sample. The reliability of the questionnaire was based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient and its validity was based on the opinions of academic experts. Pearson correlation test and paired T-test using SPSS 25 software were used for inferential analysis and relationship between independent and dependent variables. Findings: The findings of this study indicate that the tendency of youth and adolescents to risky behaviors is moderate and boys are more inclined to risky behaviors than girls. Also, the results of hypothesis testing showed that there was a significant and positive relationship between degrading risky behaviors, feeling good and misconceptions with risky behaviors. Conclusion: Risky behaviors are more than economic problems and unemployment, disorganization in various areas of the family, social and environmental institutions. When the mental and psychological structure of individuals is unbalanced and exposed to irrational ideas and beliefs, this unfavorable psychological background in the context of unbalanced social characteristics intensifies the tendency to risky behaviors.},  
Keywords = {Irrational beliefs, feeling good, risky behaviors, health, degrading risky behaviors.},
volume = {12},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {468-476}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.61186/aums.12.4.468},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1476-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1476-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Mirdamadi, Marzieh and Hassanzadeh, Saeid and GholamAliLavasani, Masood and Vakili, Samir},  
title = {Explaining mental health and quality of mother-child interaction with attention deficit-hyperactivity based on parenting styles}, 
abstract ={Background: The aim of this research was to explain the mental health and quality of mother-child interaction with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder based on parenting styles. Methods: Accordingly, the research method was descriptive and among the causal-comparative methods. The population included mothers with children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder who ranged in age from six to twelve in Tehran in the 2020-21 academic year. The sample of the present study, which was selected by convenience sampling method, included 100 mothers with children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder who referred to the Health Center of District 22 of Tehran. CSI4 Parent Report Questionnaire and DSM5-based diagnostic interview were used to identify students with ADHD. Data were collected using the Bamrind Parenting Style Questionnaire (Bamrind,1991), the Parent-Child Relationship Scale (Pianta,1994), the Child Behavioral Problems Scale (Canners,1968), and the Mental Health Questionnaire. Results: The results showed that mothers' mental health differed significantly in terms of parenting style except for the total health score. Also, differences in mother-child interaction based on the type of parenting style of mothers were significant, which was reported only in two subscales of general positive relationship and conflict. Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be stated that parenting education and choosing appropriate styles in mothers with ADHD child can not only improve mothers' mental health, but also improve the quality of mother-child interaction.},  
Keywords = {Mother-child interaction, parenting style, mental health, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder.},
volume = {12},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {477-484}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.61186/aums.12.4.477},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1580-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1580-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Ahmadi, Suleiman and Habibi, Amin and Rahimzadeh, Mitra and Bahrami, Shahl},  
title = {Analyzing the Quality of Objective Structured Clinical Examination in Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, 
abstract ={Introduction: One of the evaluation methods is based on the performance of objective structured clinical examination. Passing this exam is necessary for medical students to graduate, practice medicine and participate in a specialized course. This study is designed to analyze the quality of these tests using psychometric indicators. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, the test of three periods of clinical competence, respectively, were analyzed. Average (standard deviation), the cut-off score was (by borderline regression method), rejection rate, R2 determination coefficient, root mean square error to estimate the the cut-off score, difficulty coefficient, neatness coefficient were calculated in individual stations and the whole test. Findings: 64 medical students along with 26 expert examiners from each station were present in this exam. According to the cut-off score in the 31st exam, all students got a passing grade and we did not fail. The total RMSE was equal to 0.55 and the value of R2 in different stations was obtained from 0.46 to 0.85. The hardest and easiest stations based on the difficulty coefficient were gynecology, social medicine and orthopedics respectively. In the 32nd exam, the rejection rate was one person (0.23%). The total RMSE was 0.57 and the value of R2 in different stations was obtained from 0.38 to 0.87. The most difficult and the easiest stations based on the difficulty coefficient were radilogy, emergency medicine and surgery respectively. In the 33rd exam, all students got a passing grade. Total RMSE was equal to 0.76 and R2 value was obtained in different stations from 0.39 to 0.95. The most difficult and easiest stations based on the difficulty coefficient were internal glands and surgery respectively. Conclusion: To improve the quality of the OSCE exam, measuring its quality is vital. The use of several psychometric indicators can be an important step in determining the quality of the test. The results obtained during the three test periods indicate that the quality of the test is acceptable in most of the stations and some cases need to be reviewed and improved.},  
Keywords = {Test analysis, Objective Structured Clinical Examination, clinical competency, psychometrics, border Regression},
volume = {12},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {485-495}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.61186/aums.12.4.485},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1651-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1651-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Riahi, Shiri},  
title = {The model of risk factors associated with psychological problems in students of Alborz University of Medical Sciences in 2018: using structural equation modeling}, 
abstract ={Background: The aim of this study was to investigate stress, anxiety and depression and design of a structural equation model to express the importance and contribution of each risk factor in students of Alborz University of Medical Sciences. Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional study with structural equation modeling method, which was conducted in the second half of 2018 among 700 students of Alborz University of Medical Sciences. The data were collected using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality and Depression, Anxiety and Stress DASS1. The primary model was developed based on literature review and significant variables. Structural equation modeling was performed to evaluate the fitting index of the model. Data was analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software. Results: According to the final structural model, 91% of depression variance was expressed by the factors presented in the model. According to this model, stress alone explained 17% of depression changes, so that high levels of stress lead to depression. The fitting index of the final model RMSEA, CFI, TLI and CMIN / DF was 0.95, 0.96, 0.06 and 2.23, respectively. Conclusion: The overall results showed that there is a significant relationship between mental health problems and academic performance, family relationships and type of residence of students in Alborz University of Medical Sciences. Addiction and worrying about finding a job in the future will increase the risk of mental health problems such as stress, anxiety and depression.},  
Keywords = {structural equation modeling, stress, anxiety, depression},
volume = {12},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {496-506}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.61186/aums.12.4.496},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-940-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-940-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2023}  
}