@article{ 
author = {Azizi, G. and Nasiri, M. and Sadria, R. and Javanbakht, MH. and Kalvandi, M. and Khannazer, N and Asghari, B.},  
title = {Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Children and Adult by Serological Test and Stool Antigen Test}, 
abstract ={Background: Helicobacter pylori infection causes chronic gastritis that is related to duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, and possibly gastric adenocarcinoma. Noninvasive diagnostic tests consist of the urea breath test, serology, and stool antigen testing. Serodiagnosis of H.pylori infection is inaccurate for children. In order to investigate the immune response to H.pylori in children and adult, we compared anti-H pylori IgG and IgA antibodies with H. pylori antigen (HpSA) in the stool. Methods: Serum and stool samples were obtained from 218 children and adult patients with clinical symptom in the range of 4 to 77 years old. Paired results of H. pylori serology (IgG and IgA) and HpSA were analyzed by enzyme immunoassay methods. Results: There were 218 paired serology and HpSA results for 39 children (≤17 years) and 179 adult (≥18 years). The positivity rate of HpSA (45.8%) was significantly lower (P<0.001) than those for H. pylori IgG (54.6%) and IgA (28.9%). Moreover in child patients specificity for serological test IgG and IgA were higher than adult. Conclusion: In this study, HpSA was sensitive and specific as a clinical and epidemiological tool to evaluate H. pylori infection. IgG correlated better with HpSA than IgA, and also IgG was much more specific in children than adults confirm the fact that adults are more possible to have been exposed to H. pylori in the past. Using HpSA as the gold standard, we found that the performances of IgG and IgA serology tests differ significantly by age because immature immune response or tolerance to H. pylori is present in childhood and serodiagnosis of H. pylori infection is less useful. Hence, we recommend that laboratories reevaluate reference serologic titers based on age and further clinical correlation is needed to establish the optimal ranges.},  
Keywords = {Helicobacter pylori, Serology tests, Sensitivity, Specificity, Peptic ulcer},
volume = {2},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {191-196}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.18869/acadpub.aums.2.4.191},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-136-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-136-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2013}  
}

@article{ 
author = {TavakkoliTabassi, K. and Mohammadi, Sh. and Madani, A.},  
title = {Investigation Patients with Urinary Stones from the Aspect of Epidemiologic Parameters Admitted at Urology Department of Imam Reza Hospital During Years 2005-2008}, 
abstract ={Background: Urolithiasis is one of the most frequent diseases of urinary system which forms high percentage of patients who come to Urology wards. Therefore, study of epidemiological characteristics of patients of each ward can be helpful for making the best general decision. Methods: First, we devided 5133 cases who had come to Urology department of imam Reza hospital of mashhad during 2005-2008, in 2 groups and then in 6 groups. We investigated and compared 2 groups of lithotripsy and surgery from the aspect of epidemiological characteristics. So, we did for 6 groups: pyelolithotomy and nephrolithotomy, ureterolithotomy, ureteroscopy and TUL, PNL, ESWL, cystolitholapaxy. Results: From 5133 cases, mean age of 43.41, men to female ratio 2.1, 90.1% had done lithotripsy and 9.2% surgery. Percentage of patients of pyelolithotomy and nephrolithotomy was 3.5% ureterolithotomy 0.8%, ureteroscopy and TUL39.5%, PNL 4.9%, ESWL 49.5%, cystolitholapaxy 1.9%. Mean stay in hospital for 1.31±0.19 and for surgery 4.84±0.16, in ESWL 0.81±0.25 and in pyelolithotomy and nephrolithotomy 5.09±0.17 days. During years 2005-2008 percentage of ESWL was : 59.9, 51.4 & 38.4% of all admissions in these years. PNLs percentage was: 3.8, 5.51, 5.53%. Choosing of PNL in urban people was highest (84.5%) and for rural people pyelolithotomy and nephrolithotomy is the most technique in use. Conclusion: Despite of other advanced countries high percentage of our patients undergo open surgery especially in rural people, yet. So, we should provide facilities of education and financials for modern and lower costs of urinary tract stone treatments.},  
Keywords = {Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy, Nephrolithotomy, Pyelolithotomy, Urinary stones},
volume = {2},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {197-204}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.18869/acadpub.aums.2.4.197},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-147-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-147-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2013}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Amini, N. and Salehinia, H. and Asfeia, A. and Amini, M.},  
title = {The Comparing of Psychological Status of Active and Inactive Relief Workers in Traffic Accident in Red Cross of Karaj Township in 1391}, 
abstract ={Background: Traffic accidents are major result of death and disability that their victims need relief Relief worker who do this, are at risk of psychological disorder because of Overwhelming accident and rescue work-related stress .It is necessary to be evaluated their psychological status for giving them psychological support. This study was conducted to compare the mental state in active and inactive relief workers in traffic accident in Karaj red cross in1391. Methods: This descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study was done among both of active and inactive relief worker in traffic accident in Karaj red cross. Data collection tool were demographic questionnaire and Standard questionnaire for measuring depression, anxiety and stress. Collected data was analysed by SPSS16. Results: Result showed that there is no significant difference between mean of depression, stress and anxiety score in both of them(P>0.05), also there is no significant relationship between psychological status with age, educational level, work backward and marital status but stress and marital status in inactive group was significant(P<0.05). Conclusion: It appears besides traffic accident relief worker, inactive relief worker need more attention and scale up psychological support programs and psychological disorder screening. Also it is proposed to do similar study in larger scale.},  
Keywords = {Anxiety, Accidents, Depression, Physiological, Red cross, Stress, Traffic},
volume = {2},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {205-210}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.18869/acadpub.aums.2.4.205},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-148-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-148-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2013}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Kabir, K. and Tizvir, A. and Hadian, S. and Moslemkhani, Z.},  
title = {A Survey on the Relation between the Rate of Watching and Playing Computer Game and Weight Disorder Regarding first Grade Students in Elementary School in Karaj in 2012}, 
abstract ={Background: Life style changes have been considered in different ways in urban communities. Apartment housing, lack of physical activities, both parents being employed, entertainment devices relying on monitor display screens being within reach, leads our children to a sedentary life style. Obesity is just one of the side effects of this kind of living while children's confrontation with computer is decreasing to a lower age. There have been lots of surveys related to the duration of time spending on these entertainments with high school students but no research have been carried out on elementary school students in Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried on a sample of 450 male and female students attending the assessment center to register in the first grade in Karaj city. Results & conclusion: Therefore, in this survey, the average time new comers spent in front of a monitor screen was taken into account .The result showed that some part of child's daily activities was allocated to electronic devices having a monitor screen. Our findings showed that the allocated time for watching TV was 2.6 hours per day, for satellite programs: 0.49 hours per day, for Computer operating: 0.9 hours per day, Computer games: 0.38, and play station: 0.14hours per day and in total they used electronic devices 4.6 hour per day. Moreover, in this study, the BMI of each case has been calculated and the spread rate of weigh disorders was studied. About the weight disorders, we found that 15.8 % of students in this survey were low weight, 69.8 % were in normal ranges, 8.9 % were overweight and 5.4% were obese. In this survey, the relation between weight disorder and the rate of using electronic monitor screens was also studied. however, we couldn’t find any relevance between the two variables, probably the weight disorders must be affected by many other factors. We considered demographic variables as well as other variables which may affect weight disorder.},  
Keywords = {Body Mass Index (BMI), Computer game, Obesity, Television, Body weight changes},
volume = {2},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {211-216}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.18869/acadpub.aums.2.4.211},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-149-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-149-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2013}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Siavoshi, S. and Roshandel, M. and Zareyan, A. and Ettefagh, L.},  
title = {The Effect of Cardiac Rehabilitation Care Plan on Quality of Life in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery}, 
abstract ={Introduction: Today, coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) in many patients to treat complications of the disease is common. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of cardiac rehabilitation on quality of life in patients undergoing CABG was performed. Materials and Methods: In this study, a quasi-experimental (clinical trial) study of 50 patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery procedure based on objective and applying the criteria for inclusion of patients (community access) selected. Rehabilitation program was conducted for 24 sessions. for evaluate of demographic data and quality of life, demographic and questionnaires was used. For analysis of data chi-square test and RMANOVA tests was conducted. Results: Results showed that participants in terms of demographic variables were not significantly different from each other. The results also vary between the different stages of research in physical function, role physical (physical limitations, bodily pain, general health, role emotional (emotional limitations), mental health, physical health components and quality of life were significant differences. Conclusion: The results of this research, cardiac rehabilitation intervention is indicated on life quality improvement. Therefore attentive to the issue of cardiac rehabilitation is necessary.},  
Keywords = {Cardiac rehabilitation, Coronary artery bypass graft, Quality of Life, SF-36},
volume = {2},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {217-226}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.18869/acadpub.aums.2.4.217},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-150-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-150-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2013}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Bakhsha, F. and Rezaeyan, M. and Aryaie, M. and Jafari, S.Y. and Alehevaze, M.},  
title = {The Association of Causes of Reference and Selected Characteristics of Students who Attained to Golestan Medical University Counseling Center 2008-2009}, 
abstract ={Background and Objective: Students are under pressure and stress because of their status in the society. So the university’s student counseling agent is offering consultative services in order to help and guide the students in solving problems and improve their compatibility. The objective of the current study was to investigate the student’s referral proof to the Golestan university of medical sciences’counseling agent. Materials and Methods: In this cross- sectional study conducted in 2008-2009,On, via census sampling, 345 students of various fields, who referred to the counseling agent. Gathering data’s methods were based on questionnaire that is designed based on Health Ministry’s counseling agent’s goals. Data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software and descriptive statistics and chi square test and ANOVA with significance level of 0.05. Results: Referred student’s reference’s abundance to the counseling agent in the years 2008-2009 showed that from the whole 345 referred people the highest number of referrals by order were: 154 people (44.6%) because of mental problems, 66 people (19.1%) because of marriage problems, 45 people (13%) because of educating problems, 39 people (11.3%) because of communicating problems, 29 people(8.4%) because of suicide problems and 12 people (3.5%) were because of other factors. Conclusion: This article’s results are showing mental, emotional, educating, behaving, cognitive and family problems and also the student’s marriage’s problems. Cognition, diagnosis, adjustment and early removal of failures, abnormalities and possible disorders confirm mental caring systems expanding importance and supportive cures.},  
Keywords = {Students, Consultation  },
volume = {2},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {227-236}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.18869/acadpub.aums.2.4.227},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-151-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-151-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2013}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Daraei, H. and Daraei, F.},  
title = {Kinetic Study of Phenol Sorption by Eggshell Wastes in Batch System}, 
abstract ={Background & Objectives: Phenol is one of the hazardous pollutants in industrials effluent. This pollutant is very toxic to human and the environment. The purpose of this study was investigation of phenol adsorption capacity with egg shell waste from aqueous solution. Methods: The eggshells were dried at 70◦C and for 12 hr in oven and then shells were crushed. The surface characteristics and quantitative elemental information were studied with SEM and XRF analysis. Then the Freundlich and Longmuir adsorption isotherms and Kinetic models were applied to description of the experimental data. Results: The maximum adsorption took place in first 60min of reaction and at pH 9. With increasing the temperature the pollutant adsorption was decreased. Also absorption characteristics of this pollutant on eggshell accommodated with Freundlich isotherm (R2=0.996). Phenol removal kinetics were fitted with both pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order kinetic models. Conclusion: The presented results demonstrate clearly that eggshell is a potentially useful material to be used for the removal of phenol from aqueous solution and industrial wastewater.},  
Keywords = {Eggshell, Isotherm, Kinetic, Phenol },
volume = {2},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {237-244}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.18869/acadpub.aums.2.4.237},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-152-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-152-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2013}  
}

@article{ 
author = {MosaviFard, A. and Zarei, F.},  
title = {Assessment of Muscle Skeletal Disorders and Analyze Working Posture of Karaj Medical Science School\'s Staffs with RULA Method by Using ErgoIntelligence-UEA Software and Nordic Standard Questionnaire}, 
abstract ={Background: Man power is the important asset of every organization. So each employee's health has a direct effect on the organization's performance. because of work station and good working posture are more important in occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders and increase productivity and promote human health, This study has been surveyed working posture related with sitting posture of Karaj medical science school's staffs. Materials and Methods: This study performed on all staff of Karaj medical science school (36). The muscle skeletal disorder and Grade of unsafe working posture calculated with Nordic standard questionnaire and using ErgoIntelligence–UEA software and RULA standard method in every workstation. Using this software instead of pen-paper method lead to saving time and reduce error user. Data analyzed by spss16 software with t-test, ANOVA, Person & Kendall correlation coefficient. Results: Most of the disorders were knee with %67 back with %58 and neck with %53. There was a significant relationship between age and musculoskeletal disorders but there was no significant relationship between other parameters. Scale of every job was 5-7 and risk level in every job was 3 except secretariat that was 4. Conclusion: This study show that there was not acceptable working posture between the jobs and may be regarding the young age of staffs have not seen any musculoskeletal problems present at the time however it can make main problem for staffs in the future.},  
Keywords = {Posture assessment, ErgoIntelligence- UEA software, RULA, Nordic questionnaire},
volume = {2},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {245-250}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.18869/acadpub.aums.2.4.245},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-153-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-153-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2013}  
}