@article{ 
author = {Gharegozloo, M. and Mazouri, A. and Akhavirad, S.M.B. and Ebrahimi, M. and Shahani, F. and Movahedi, M.},  
title = {The Prevalence and Associated Respiratory Symptoms and Spirometric Indices in Tehran University Students Were Assessed using a Questionnaire ECRHS During 2013-2014}, 
abstract ={Background: ECRHS questionnaire used for the survey of respiratory symptoms and asthma. In this study the prevalence and associated respiratory symptoms and spirometric indices in Tehran University students were assessed using a questionnaire ECRHS during 2013-2014. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 1729 students from all faculties of Tehran University of Medical Sciences were evaluated at ages 20 to 44 years. The first step for screening respiratory symptoms questionnaire was completed by volunteers ECRHS I that 671 people were excluded because test is negative, and 997 patients because of the reluctance to enter the second phase of the study did not ECRHS II, and 61 patients were entered into the second phase ECRHS questions at this stage was completed by a doctor. Results: The mean age of participants with respiratory symptoms was 23.2±3.7 (20-44), that 508 (48%) men and 550 (52%) were female. Prevalence of respiratory symptoms according ECRHS I for all the symptoms 61.2%, respectively, the most frequent wheezing (33%), and the symptoms of allergic rhinitis (73.4%), the prevalence of diagnosed asthma was 9.3%. Significant direct correlations were found between MEF 25-75 ∆ and With waking with a feeling of heaviness on chest , with Difficulty breathing , between FVCex ∆ and Attack of shortness of breath at rest, between FVCex with Respiratory symptoms during certain times of the menstrual cycle , between FEV1 with Respiratory symptoms during certain times of the menstrual cycle. Also, between allergic rhinitis with FEV1 , between MEF 25-75 with allergic rhinitis, and FEV1/FVC ∆ with allergic rhinitis were found Significa nt direct correlations. But, no significant direct correlations were found between allergic rhinitis with FEV1/FVC, between allergic rhinitis with FVCex ∆. Conclusion: Asthma seems to be a pattern of high prevalence of risk factors including Environmental, labor, industrial pollution, housing, behavior issues, misconceptions of the disease, lack of education to patients by clinicians. It seems that for improve asthma control, ECRHS questionnaire and spirometry test may be used as a complementary tool in clinical practice to detect adults with asthma and respiratory symptomes.},  
Keywords = {Respiratory symptomes, ECRHS, Spirometry test, Asthma, Adults},
volume = {6},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {1-25}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.18869/acadpub.aums.6.1.1},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-511-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-511-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Mazloum, V.},  
title = {The Comparison of Ankle Muscles Isometric Strength and Foot Eversion in Male Individuals with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome and Healthy Peers: A Case-Control Study}, 
abstract ={Introduction: Proximal and distal factors to the knee joint can be assumed as etiology of patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). Some distal factors include excessive foot pronation and medial tibia torsion. The purpose of this study was to compare ankle musculature strength and rearfoot eversion in individuals with and without PFPS. Methods: Forty males (20 healthy and 20 patients) voluntarily participated in this case-control study. Isometric ankle dorsiflexor and invertor muscles strength, rearfoot eversion range of motion (ROM), and Navicular depression were respectively evaluated by handheld dynamometer, goniometry, and Navicular Drop Test by a single examiner for both groups. To analyze the measurements, Independent Samples t test for parametric data and Mann-Whitney U test for nonparametric data at P<0.05 significant level. Results: Isometric ankle dorsiflexor and invertor muscles strength were not statistically significant between the two groups (P>0.05). Furthermore, no significant differences were observed between patients with PFPS and healthy counterparts regarding rearfoot eversion and Navicular depression (P>0.05). Conclusion: It can be deduced that isometric ankle dorsiflexor and invertor muscles strength, rearfoot eversion ROM, and foot pronation are not difference in patients with PFPS and healthy persons. },  
Keywords = {Patellofemoral pain syndrome, Knee, Handheld dynamometer, Foot eversion, Ankle},
volume = {6},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {26-32}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.18869/acadpub.aums.6.1.26},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-512-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-512-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {AsadiShavaki, M. and Salehi, L.},  
title = {The Survey of DailyIntake of Calciumand Vitamin Dinthe Elderly of Karaj City, 2014}, 
abstract ={Backgrounds and Objective:Vitamin D and calcium are two important factors for maintaining health and the elderlyrequires to these factors is more than other age groups. Calcium and vitamin D deficiency can cause many problems for humans. The present study aimed to determine the daily intake of calcium and vitamin D in the elderly of Karaj city.  Materials and Method: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in health centers of Karaj city in 2014. The valid questionnaire was used for data collecting from elderly ≥ 60 years (N=286). Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 19) and the descriptive - analytical tests. Results:52/4% of the participants in this study were female and 47/6% were male. Minimum & maximum age was 60 & 87 years. 51/4 % of them were uneducated or illiterate. The majority of women were housekeeper & the majority of men were retired or workless. The averageof daily intake of calcium and vitamin D were 577/12 mg and 27/18 IU. As sunlight use 20.2% were in undesirable condition. A significant relationship was between gender & job of participants with sunshine using (P<0/05). Conclusion: According to the results it's obvious that nutritional status and lifestyle of elderly in Karaj city (about calcium and vitamin D intake and use of sunlight) was in undesirable condition. Soit is suggested that effective strategies be taken to improve this situation.},  
Keywords = {Calcium, Vitamin D, Nutrition, Elderly},
volume = {6},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {33-40}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.18869/acadpub.aums.6.1.33},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-516-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-516-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Kamaei, L. and FathiMoghaddam, H. and Mokhtari, M. and Moghadamnia, D.},  
title = {Effects of Avicennia Marina Leaf and Fruit Hydro Alcoholic Extract on Streptozotosin –Induced Diabetic Male Rats}, 
abstract ={Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a important diseases. In the traditional and modern medicine different trap tics have been recommend medicine for diabetes Mellitus. We studied effects of Avicenna marina leaf and fruit hydro alcoholic extract in the diabetic rat by streptozotocin. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study; 45 male rats were divided into 9 groups of 5. Sham group; animals were fed with a normal diet. The test groups received intraperitoneal injection of 60mg/kg streptozotocin for induction of diabetes. Diabeties groups were further sub grouped into; diabetes sham, positive sham (diabetes + 0.9% normal saline) and 6 groups treated orally with hydro alcoholic extract of Avicenna marina leaf and fruit (30, 60, 120 mg/kg daily for three consecutive days). Twenty-four hours after the last treatment rats, blood samples were collected from heart for determining the blood glucose and insulin concentration levels using glucose oxidase and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) methods respectively. Results: Our results indicated that Avicenna marina leaf and fruit hydro alcoholic extract in all doses significant decrease in the serum glucose level of diabetic test rats compared to treated diabetic sham rats. 120mg/kg of Avicenna marina leaf hydro alcoholic extract significant increase in the serum insulin level of diabetic test rats compared to treated diabetic sham rats. 60mg/kg of Avicenna marina fruit hydro alcoholic extract significant increase in the serum insulin level of diabetic test rats compared to treated diabetic sham rats(P<0. 05) . Conclusion: Avicenna marina leaf and fruit hydro alcoholic extract can significantly decrease the blood glucose in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats. },  
Keywords = {Avicenna marina, Diabetes, Blood glucose, Insulin},
volume = {6},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {41-50}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.18869/acadpub.aums.6.1.41},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-517-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-517-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {MehrabaniNatanzi, M. and Kamalinejad, M. and Khodaii, Z. and Kamali, J. and Hashemi, S.A. and Dehghan, M.H.},  
title = {Wound Healing Effect of Aqueous Extract of Rhus Coriaria in Rat}, 
abstract ={Introduction: Wound healing is one of the most complicated biological events after birth that causes dead tissue replace with new one. Any defect in wound healing, can lead to chronic skin disorders causing severe loss of quality of life and even death. So far, a drug that could effectively promote and advance the natural process of wound healing in the body, has not been introduced. Treatment of wounds and burns, is still one major issue, even in developed countries. Due to importance and value of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on wound healing, and the presence of these activities in some medicinal plants, in this study, the healing effects of aqueous extract of  Rhus coriaria fruit, was examined.   Materials and Methods: After creating a full-thickness skin wound on the back of 45 male Sprague-Dawley rats, they were randomly divided into three groups: treatment, control or positive control. After 24 hours, the treatment group received 0.5 gram of the fruit extract, the positive control group treated with 2%mupirocin ointment  and the control group received no treatment. Wound healing rates were calculated on days 0, 3, 5, 8, 10, 12 and 15 post-wounding and the wound tissues were harvested at 5, 10, and 15 days for histological and biochemical analysis. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was used to determine the anti-oxidant and anti- inflamatory activity of the pklant extract. The results were statistically analysed using SPSS software. Results: The percentage of the wound contraction was significantly increased in days 10, 12 and 15 in the treated group compared to the control group(P<0.01). A significant increase in the assigned histological scores was observed at days 10 and 15  in the treated group compared to the control group (P<0.005 and P<0.05 respectively). This extract significantly decreased the MPO activity 10 days after treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion: These data provide evidence that Rhus coriaria extract accelerates cutaneous wound healing and its effect may be due to the increased re-epithelialization, collagen deposition and decreased MPO activity and oxidative damage in wound and so it can be used as a therapeutic agent for wound healing.},  
Keywords = {Wound healing, Rhus coriaria, histology and Myeloperoxidase},
volume = {6},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {51-59}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.18869/acadpub.aums.6.1.51},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-518-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-518-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Hajfiroozabadi, M. and Amiri, S. and BahramiBabaheydari, T. and Khoshkesht, S.},  
title = {Prevalence of Tendency to Substance Abuse Among Medical University Students and Its Relationship with Identity Styles}, 
abstract ={Background: Adolescence is an inevitable stage of mankind development that has paid attention because of its special sensation. Adolescence is an appropriate time to forming Identity (sense and concept of himself) that mix the individual's history and necessary capabilities for psychological health in adulthood. One of the serious dangers in this stage is adolescence tendency to the drug and substance abuse, and is one of the most prevalent disorders in youth and adolescence stage. The objective of this research is the survey on the relation between Identity styles and tendency to substance abuse among male medical university students. Methods & Materials: This research is a sectional- type correlation study that has operated on the 339 persons of male, students that were educate in Alborz University of medical science. two standardized identification styles (ISI=G6) and questionnaire of recognizing risk exposed people, has used. Data collection operated by researcher in a stage and then data analyzed by using descriptive statistics (absolute and relative frequency and standard deviation) and inference statistics (χ2 test, regression) in SPSS 18 edition. Results: The results that obtained from analyzing data show that 35.8 percent of students have informational Identity style, and 27.4 percent have normative style and 36.8 percent have Diffuse/ avoidant style. 47.3% of students have tendency toward substance abuse And also χ2 test show that there is a significant relation between tendency to substance abuse and positive addiction history in family Conclusion: There is a significant relation between Identity styles and tendency to substance abuse (P=0.001).},  
Keywords = {Identity Styles, Substances abuse, Medical Students},
volume = {6},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {60-65}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.18869/acadpub.aums.6.1.60},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-519-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-519-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Arazi, H. and Dadvand, S. Sh.},  
title = {The Effect of Eight Week Aerobic Training on Plasma Levels of Serotonin and Depression in Addicted Men to Methamphetamine During Rehabilitation}, 
abstract ={Background: Physical activity can reduce the incidence of physical and psychological disorders such as depression. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of eight week aerobic training on plasma levels of serotonin and depression in addicted men to methamphetamine during rehabilitation. Methods: A total of 20 men addicted to methamphetamine were referring to rehabilitation center with moderate depression were selected as a purposeful and available samples and randomly divided into two groups of aerobic training (n=10) and control (n=10). Group of aerobic training performed for 8 weeks, 3 days a week (each session for 45 min, included 10 min of warm up, running as two times of 15 minutes with an intensity of 70-75% of maximum heart rate, resting intervals of 3 to 4 min between them and 5 min cool down), While the control group hadn’t any effective physical activity. To measure levels of serotonin, in two stages, before and after training 5 cc blood were collected from the brachial vein of the subjects. Results: Eight weeks aerobic training increased significantly blood levels of serotonin in the training group compared to the control (P<0.05) and depression were reduced significantly. Conclusion: According to the findings it can be concluded that aerobic training can impact on blood levels of serotonin in addicted men to methamphetamine and increase plasma serotonin concentration and cause remarkable reduction in depression.},  
Keywords = {Aerobic training, Serotonin, Depression, Addiction, Methamphetamine},
volume = {6},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {66-74}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.18869/acadpub.aums.6.1.66},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-520-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-520-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Nakhaee, A.R. and SarvarTaherabadi, M.},  
title = {Association SOD2 Polymorphism(-9C/T) and Senile Cataract}, 
abstract ={Introduction: One of the most common causes of blindness around the world is cataract, which is a multifactorial eye disease and a major cause the loss lens transparency in the aging population. Oxidative stress is a major factor that often leads to cataract formation. Oxidative stress is defined as a disturbance in the balance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production  and antioxidant defenses, including enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems. One of the defense systems against free radicals is superoxide dismutase II (Mn SOD) enzyme. SOD enzyme catalyses the dismutation of superoxide anion to O2 and H2O2. Several polymorphism  have been found associated with SOD2 gene. Present study has been done to evaluaet effects of genetic polymorphism, including SOD2 C/T polymorphism in the -9 position in senile cataract patiens and normal individuals. Material and methods: in this case- control study, there are 120 patients with senile cataract and 104 healthy people. We collected 2ml of whole blood in tubes containing EDTA, and then DNA extraction was performed. Polymorphisms were detected by PCR–RFLP technique. Findings: The distribution of CC, CT, TT genotypes of SOD2 gene were 28.3%, 43.3% and 28.3% in the patient group and 24%, 48.1% and 27.9% in the healthy group, respectively. Conclusion: No significant difference in the distribution SOD2 C/T polymorphism was observed between cases and controls. },  
Keywords = {Free‌ radical, Stress oxidative, Senile cataract, Superoxide dismutase, Polymorphism},
volume = {6},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {75-81}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences},

doi = {10.18869/acadpub.aums.6.1.75},
url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-521-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-521-en.pdf},  
journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal},  
issn = {2322-3839}, 
eissn = {2588-3046}, 
year = {2016}  
}