per Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 2588-3046 2021-10 10 4 385 393 article Niloofar Amirzadeh Dana 1 Kumars Pourrostami 2 Morteza Heidary 3 Maliheh Farid 4 Mahdi Goudarzvand m.godarzvand@abzums.ac.ir 5 Faculty of Medicines, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicines, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Pediatrics Center of Excellent, Department of Pediatrics Neurology, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Community Medicines, Faculty of Medicines, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicines, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Introduction: Febrile seizure is one the most common pediatric disease. Diagnosis of this disease is usually based on the history and clinical signs and symptoms. Various factors have been suggested as pathogenesis of febrile seizure but the main cause is still unknown. Recent studies recommended a relationship between oxidative stress and febrile seizure. This study aimed to examine the relationship between febrile seizure and Malondialdehyde (MDA) serum level as an oxidant determinant and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) serum level as an antioxidant determinant. Methods: In this case-control study, two groups of people including 46 patients with simple and complex febrile seizure, and 44 normal children were studied. There was no history of febrile seizures, afebrile seizures, epilepsy or any types of neurologic and metabolic disorders in patients. Thus, serum levels of MAD and SOD in the two groups of study were evaluated, separately. Results: The findings of this study showed a significant increase in malondialdehyde enzymes compared with healthy subjects. Also, the results of the measurement of the superoxide dismutase enzyme indicated a significant increase compared to the healthy group. Conclusion: Significant increase in SOD and also a significant increase in MDA may be due to the stimulation of compensatory responses in the brain and subsequent the antioxidant system counteracting the oxidant system. These results also indicate the importance of time for enzyme measurements. http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1395-en.pdf Febrile seizure Oxidative stress Malondialdehyde Superoxide dismutase per Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 2588-3046 2021-10 10 4 394 404 article Sara Esmaelzadeh Saeieh 1 Tamara Shirzad tamara.shirzad@gmail.com 2 Mitra Rahimzadeh 3 Midwifery Departments, school of medical sciences, Alborz University of medical sciences, Karaj, Iran MS student in midwifery, Student research committee, School of Medical Sciences, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Associate Professor of Biostatistics, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Background: Unwanted pregnancy affects the physical and mental health of the mother and her child. Unwanted pregnancy may lead to an increase in gestational hypertension, diabetes, preterm delivery, low birth weight, and postpartum depression. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the incidence of pregnancy and pregnancy complications,  and postpartum depression in women referred to selected health care centers in Robat Karim in 2018-19. Matrials and Methods: This cohort study was carried out with the participation of mothers referring to health care centers of Robat Karim in 2018. A total of 240 pregnant women entered the study after the completion of the London questionnaire in the 26th week of the week, of which 120 were unwanted pregnant and 120 were asked in the pregnancy group. Data were collected using demographic questionnaire, Edinburgh postpartum depression and a checklist for collecting complications and pregnancy outcomes. Data were analyzed using SPSS-21 software, Chi-square and Chi-square tests. Results: The mean (SD) of mothers' age in the wanted pregnancy group was 30.1 (7.1) and 29.9 (7.2) in the unwanted group. The mean ± SD of depression scores 10 days after delivery in wanted group was less than unwanted group (10.1 ± 0.3 vs.13.1 ± 2.5, P <0.001) and, 30 days after delivery in the wanted group was less than unwanted pregnancy group (9.4 ± 3.2 vs.13.4 ± 2.5, P <0.001). Breast feeding in unwanted pregnancy was significantly less than wanted group (24.3% vs. 71.7%). The mean(SD) of newborn weight in wanted group was more than unwanted group (3135.3(220) vs. 3001(209.7), P<0.001). Hypertetion, diabetes, postpartum hemorrhage, NICU hospitalization and maternal hospitalization in ICU were not different in both groups but pre-eclampsia (7.5% vs. 1.7%, P=0.03) and preterm labor (17.5% vs. 5%, P=0.002) in unwanted group was more than wanted group. Conclusion: The study showed that preterm delivery, lack of breastfeeding, preeclampsia, and postpartum depression were more in unwanted. Therefore, it can be concluded that wanted pregnancy is related to pregnancy complications, childbirth consequences and postpartum depression.  http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1396-en.pdf Unwanted pregnancy Postpartum depression Preterm labor Pre-eclampsia per Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 2588-3046 2021-10 10 4 405 416 article Zahra Esmaeili Abdar 1 Alireza Amirkabiri dr.alirezaamirkabiri@gmail.com 2 Farideh Haghshenas Kashani 3 Mohammadreza Rabiee Mandejin 4 PhD Student of Science in Public Management School of Management, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran Associate Professor Public Management Department, School of Management, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran Assistant Professor Public Management Department, School of Management, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran Assistant Professor Public Management Department, School of Management, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran Abstract       Introduction: Ethics in research is one of the most widely used categories of professional ethics. Research ethics focuses on the objective and partial cases of observing ethics in research and tries to solve the ethical problems of scientific research. The present study intends to survey the rate of observance of research ethics in medical research and design a questionnaire of ethics. Method: This is a descriptive survey research. The statistical population included all the 20998 faculty members of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education and the statistical sample was 378 people who were selected to participate in the study using the probability method. The data collection tool was a self- constructed questionnaire resulting from thematic qualitative content analysis. The exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used for data analyzing. Cronbach's alpha method was used to evaluate the reliability, and a statistical analysis of the results was done by SPSS and PLS software. Results: The results of exploratory factor analysis showed seven factors equal to 60.170% of the variance. These factors were confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis by smart PLS software. The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained by Cronbach's alpha method equal to 0.915. Conclusion: The final version of this 35 items questionnaire is approved by 7 factors (adherence to research ethics, consequences of research ethics, barriers to good behavior in research, institutionalization of ethics, individual principles, policy-making, and organizational ethics), and this valid and reliable tool can be used to measure the level of professional ethics in medical research. http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1397-en.pdf Professional ethics Research ethics Walidity Reliability Ethics questionnaire per Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 2588-3046 2021-10 10 4 417 426 article Reza Zeighami 1 Arghavan Raeisolhagh a.raesolhagh@gmail.com 2 MSc of Psychiatric Nursing, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences Introduction: As people age, numerous physical and cognitive illnesses appear in the elderly and their quality of life declines sharply. One of the most common problems in this period is cognitive impairment in the elderly. The purpose of this study is to review the factors affecting cognitive impairment in the elderly in order to assist physicians, nurses, families and the relatives of elderly in preventing, controlling and treating these disorders. Method: In this review, the PubMed, Scopus and Wiley Online Library databases were searched by the end of 2019, and finally 10 papers were selected among 47 publications, and investigated. Results: The total number of subjects studied in this study was 21163 in 10 publications, which included 6 cohort studies, 2 Interventional studies and 2 A randomized controlled trial studies. Conclusion: Stress, distress and depression, snoring and inadequate sleep, can affect the hippocampus, and cause cognitive impairments, memory impairment or even dementia. Regular exercise and daily intake of foods containing omega-3 and other antioxidant compounds delay the process of cognitive impairment in the elderly. http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1398-en.pdf Cognitive impairment Elderly Stress Hippocampus Dementia Omega 3 per Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 2588-3046 2021-10 10 4 427 438 article Feria Enayat 1 Robabeh Ataee Far ataeefarr@gmil.com 2 Zahra Abaspoor Azar 3 M.A. in Personality Psychology, Department of psychology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Alborz, Iran Assistant professor, Department of psychology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Alborz, Iran Assistant professor, Department of psychology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of training mindfulness skills on depression, anxiety and stress of female with premenstrual syndrome. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design with one-month follow-up. The statistical population included female student’s high school of Karaj city. 34 patients were chosen as samples and randomly were divided in 2 groups of individuals as control and experimental. The experimental groups underwent training mindfulness (8 sessions - 90 minutes), but the control group received no training and remained in the waiting list. To collect data premenstrual symptoms screening tool (PSST) of Steiner and et al and depression anxiety stress Scale (DASS) of Lovibond and Lovibond. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-24 software in two sections: descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential (analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni). Results: Results indicated that training mindfulness, significantly decreased depression, anxiety and stress of female with premenstrual syndrome, and the results have had enough consistency in the follow-up period, as well (P<0.05).  Conclusions: The training mindfulness skills can be used as an effective psychological intervention on depression, anxiety and stress of female with premenstrual syndrome http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1399-en.pdf Anxiety Depression Mindfulnes Premenstrual syndrome Stress per Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 2588-3046 2021-10 10 4 439 450 article Reza Gorji 1 Saeid HassanZadeh hasanz@ut.ac.ir 2 Sogand GhasemZadeh 3 Masoud GholamAli Lavasani 4 Ph.D. in Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Associate Prof, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Assistant Prof, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Associate Prof, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Abstract       Background: It is important to make a well-timed diagnosis of autism, using valuable tools is one of the diagnosis ways. This study aims at investigating GARS-3 psychometric characteristics for the Iranian Community. Methods: In terms of practical purpose and research proposal, the study is descriptive and of authentication type. The statistical population includes all 3 to 22 year-old people suffering from autism disorder among which 113 individuals were chosen as sample group, using systematic sampling. The data collected were analyzed by questionnaires of GARS-3 and 2, and also by using spss 23 software and statistical tests like internal correlation coefficient and Cronbach's alpha. Results: Results indicated that based on kappa coefficient GARS-3 has got needed translation accuracy. The scale time validity of more than 0/86 coefficient was significantly confirmed 0.01. The validity among correctors that was gained with internal reliability of more than 0/82 was significant in all subscales than those of social relation (p<0/01). It should also be noted that simultaneous validity of this scale with that of GARS-2 indicated the existence of this validity with regard to significant correlation coefficients (p<0/01). Conclusion: With regard to achieved results, it can be said that GARS-3 enjoys desirable psychometric characteristics to be used in Iranian community, therefore, it is recommended to scientific centers of research as a reliable and valuable tool. http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1400-en.pdf Autism spectrum disorder Gilliam Autism Rating Scale Psychometric Characteristics per Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 2588-3046 2021-10 10 4 451 463 article Razieh Rezaei Rashti 1 Nahid Bijeh bijeh@um.ac.ir 2 Elham Hakkak Dokht 3 Babak Hooshmand Moghadam 4 M.Sc, Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Assistant Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Phd student, Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Introduction: Regular physical exercise along with herbal therapy as a strategy for improving cardiovascular health indicators is discussed. One of the key factors in the coagulation process is fibrinogen and thrombin, and platelets which are responsible for the coagulation. The aim of this study was to evaluate The Effect of Bunium Persicum (Black Caraway) consumption along with aerobic training in the water on fibrinogen levels and platelet count in postmenopausal women. Method: The present study was a quasi-experimental and the statistical sample consisted of 30 postmenopausal women) age 60±8 years(, that were randomly assigned into three groups: water-based exercise (n=10), Caraway consumption (n=10), and interactive (n=10). The water-based exercise group performed water aerobic training for eight weeks and three sessions per week. The Caraway group received Caraway supplements during this period, and the interactive group received supplements in addition to performing the training. To measure the biochemical variables, fasting blood samples were collected 48 hours before and after the intervention. SPSS software and ANOVA statistical tests were used to analyze the data. Result: The results showed that the maximum oxygen consumption increased significantly in three groups of exercise (p=0.014), Caraway (p=0.014), and interactive (p=0.011). Also, blood pressure (p=0.027) and thromboplastin time (p = 0.019) decreased in the interactive group and prothrombin time (p=0.034) increased significantly only in the Caraway group. However, no significant difference was observed between any of the groups. Discussion and Conclusion: It seems that doing exercise in the water with Caraway consumption can be considered as one of the ways to improve cardiovascular health indicators, hematological factors, and Hemostasis in postmenopausal women. However, more research is needed to reach a more complete conclusion. http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1401-en.pdf Bunium persicum Aerobic exercise in water Fibrinogen Platelets Count Postmenopausal women per Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 2588-3046 2021-10 10 4 464 474 article Azam Letafat Farashbandi 1 Mehrdad Shariati mehrdadshariati@hotmail.com 2 Mokhtar Mokhtari 3 Ameneh Khoshvaghti 4 Ph.D Student in Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, Kazerun Branch ,Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran Associate Professor, Department of Biology, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran Full Professor, Department of Biology, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kazerun Branch ,Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran Purpose: Alcohol consumption can cause hepatitis and long-term cirrhosis of the liver. Curcumin has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of curcumin in the prevention and treatment of liver damage caused by overuse of ethanol. Material and Methods: In this experimental study, 30 adult male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups of 5. The control group received only normal water and food daily. The sham group received only 2cc of olive oil daily. The experimental group1 received only 100 mg / kg curcumin daily. Experimental group 2 daily received 2 cc Ethanol30%. The experimental group3 daily received Ethanol 30%  and 50mg/kg of curcumin and experimentl group 4 daily received Ethanol30% and 100 mg/kg.  of  curcumin. The animals received water, ethanol, curcumin, and food orally daily for 28 days. At the end of the test period, blood samples were taken from the hearts of the animals. Serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP, GGT and arginase as well as serum albumin, total protein and blood urea nitrogen were measured. Animal liver tissue was removed in different groups. Hematoxylin-eosin staining method was used to test the testicular tissue. Findings: Ethanol treatment significantly increased the activity levels of serum enzymes ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, arginase 1 and blood urea nitrogen compared to control, sham and experimental   group 1 (p˂0.05), while decreased albumin and the total protein levels (p˂0.05). In addition, ethanol treatment caused the accumulation of fat droplets, hyperemia, necrosis, apoptosis and eosinophilia of the cytoplasm in hepatocytes. However, co-administration of ethanol and curcumin significantly reduced ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, arginase 1 and BUN levels compared to the ethanol group (p˂0.05), while increased albumin and total protein levels (p˂0.05). Histopathologically, a decrease in structural changes in liver tissue and apoptosis was observed, resulting in the improvement of liver tissue.  Conclusion: The administration of curcumin can reduce ethanol-induced liver damage in rats and improve serum liver and blood parameters. http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1402-en.pdf Curcumin Ethanol Liver Rats per Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 2588-3046 2021-10 10 4 475 482 article Shima Ahmadi Nejad 1 Kumarss Amini dr_kumarss_amini@yahoo.com 2 Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran Associated Professor, Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran Introduction: Proteus mirabilis is a common pathogen responsible for complicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) that sometimes causes bacteremia. The aim of the study was, Molecular identification of virulence genes at the same time intI, intII and sul in Proteus mirabilisis from urine Multiplex-PCR and Swarming Test. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 292 urine samples were collected. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by disk diffusion test according to the clinical laboratory sard institute test (CLSI) on the Muller Hinton agar. Then, multiplex-PCR was achieved for determination of intI, intII and sul genes in the strains by specific oligonucleotides primers. Results: Of 292 urine specimens, 60 P. mirabilis were obtained by standard microbiological and biochemical tests. The antimicrobial susceptibility result showed that the highest susceptibility rate were related to amikacine (100%) and gentamicin (98.3%). so, 10% of strains were resistance to ciprofloxacin.  Distribution of these genes showed that 81.2% and 25% isolates were carring intII and sul1, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: Considering the role of integron in the development of resistance factors and the frequency of antibiotic resistance in Proteus mirabilis strains, paying attention to proper management in the use of antibiotics and taking necessary measures in compliance with health standards can be effective in preventing the spread of resistance. http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1432-en.pdf Proteus mirabilis IntI IntII and sul Multiplex-PCR per Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 2588-3046 2021-10 10 4 483 490 article Morteza Safarian 1 Kumarss Amini dr_kumarss_amini@yahoo.com 2 Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran Associated Professor, Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran Aim and objective: Proteus mirabilis is one of the most common causes of urinary tract infections (UTI) and bacteremia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility of P. mirabilis strains isolated from urinary tract. Material and method: In this cross-sectional study, 60 Proteus mirabilis were obtained from the human urine samples. Detection of strains were performed by standard microbiological and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by disk diffusion test according to the clinical laboratory sard institute test (CLSI) on the muller hinton agar. Then, multiplex-PCR was achieved for determination flaA and urea genes in the strains by specific oligonucleotides primers. Results:  All the isolates of P. mirabilis in polymerase chain reaction were showed that flaA and urea genes. The resistance rate was obtained to tobramycin and kanamycin (53%), gentamicin (46%), amikacin (40%), cefotaxime (36%) and ceftriaxone (31%). Conclusion: According to this study it’s necessary to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of Proteus mirabilis isolated from urinary tract infections in order to provide proper treatment, this will prevent their dissemination and reduce the risk of urinary tract infection complication. http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1403-en.pdf Antimicrobial susceptibility testing Proteus mirabilis FlaA and urea gene per Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 2588-3046 2021-10 10 4 491 500 article Narges Golab 1 Naser Harzandi nasharzan@gmail.com 2 Pejvak Khaki 3 Majid Tebianian 4 Majid Esmaelizad 5 Department of Microbiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran Department of Microbiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran Department of Microbiology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education andExtension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran Department of Immunology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education andExtension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran Department of Biotechnology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran Aim and objective:Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic spirochete called Leptospira that has worldwide distribution. Unfortunately, due to the variety of clinical symptoms, its diagnosis has many limitations. LipL41 is among the most abundant outer membrane proteins in Leptospira and is exclusively found in pathogenic species. A small gene called lep is located very close to lipl41 gene on the bacterial chromosome, which facilitates its expression. In this study, the expression and purification of LipL41-Lep fusion protein among prevalent pathogenic isolates in Iran was performed in a prokaryotic system for the first time.  Methods:All collected Lipl41 and Lep protein sequences were analyzed from the NCBI database. Complete codon sequences of the pattern of the Iranian serovars were designed and synthesized then sub-cloned into a pET32a+ and transformed into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) to expression by using IPTG inducer. Thefusion recombinant protein was purified by denaturation and confirmed by western blot. Results:The results of PCR analysis showed a clear band of ~ 2000 bp in Agarose gel. Optimal expression of fusion recombinant protein (60kDa) was achieved post-induction at 4 h at 37 °C in the presence of 0.1 mM IPTG. Then it was purified in the insoluble form. Conclusion:The results demonstrated that adequate amounts of this fusion recombinant protein were expressed andpurified to be used as a fusion antigen in serological testing, such as ELISA, or for the development of subunit vaccines against Leptospirosis in the future. http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1404-en.pdf Pathogenic Leptospira LipL41-Lepfusion recombinant protein Expression Purification per Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 2588-3046 2021-10 10 4 501 511 article Fatemeh Mansouri ansouri1600@hotmail.com 1 Ali Golchin 2 Department of Genetics and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Department of Applied Cell Sciences and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Currently, the use of cell therapy is an effective treatment method in some types of diseases. The use of stem cells and somatic cells, due to the complete genetic similarity with individual cells, has led to the development of cell therapy methods. In recent years, significant advances have been made in the methods of culturing, isolating, and long-term cell maintenance. However, there are still problems and concerns related to their clinical use, the resolution of which requires more detailed studies in this area. One of these problems is genomic changes in cells that can affect the potential for differentiation of stem cells. Genetic abnormalities occur during successive cultures during the process of proliferation and differentiation, and can affect cell behavior and subsequent laboratory results. The aim of this study is to investigate the importance of chromosomal studies in cell therapy for the analysis of chromosomes and summarize the applications and limitations of these methods in the medical sciences. Conclusion: The results of this discussion show that the use of different techniques of chromosomal studies can be considered in the final evaluation and obtaining confirmation of the accuracy of cellular products in treatment. Periodic and regular examinations of genomic stability in cells before their clinical use are essential. http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1405-en.pdf Stem cells Chromosome Cell therapy Genetic abnormalities per Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 2588-3046 2021-10 10 4 512 525 article Sareh Aghajanpour 1 Navid Neyshaburinezhad 2 Mohammadreza Rouini 3 Yalda Hoseinzadeh Ardakani Yh-ardakani@tums.ac.ir 4 Pharm.D. student, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ph.D. candidate of Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetic Division, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Ira Full Professor of Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetic Division, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Introduction: Despite the widespread use of clopidogrel as a prodrug in a wide range of patients, the researchers found that the drug couldn't have sufficient antiplatelet effects at a usual dose in three to forty percent of patients. So on, measuring clopidogrel active metabolite concentration is seems necessary to evaluate the effects of this drug in each patient. Discusstion: Due to the importance of determining clopidogrel active metabolite plasma level, in this article, we reviewed and compared all the analysis methods for that which could affects on correct pharmacokinetic evaluation of clopidogrel and thus play an important role in prescribing the appropriate dose of that in each individual therapy. Despite numerous reports of the clopidogrel analysis method, only thirteen studies have been published to analyzing the concentration of clopidogrel active metabolite in a biological matrices. As a result of the very low concentration and short half-life of the clopidogrel active metabolite in the biological matrice, the method used for determining itʹs concentration profile should be able to measure values in picogram per millilitre scale. Discusstion: According to the complete summary of the analyzing methods, employing advanced device analysis systems such as UHPLC lead to much more accurate separation and quantification of analytes. Also, employing the MS / MS detector adding the possibility of measuring the clopidogrel plasma level in the same matrices. http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1406-en.pdf Clopidogrel Clopidogrel Active Metabolite Chromatography CYP2C19 enzyme per Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 2588-3046 2021-10 10 4 526 530 article Mansoureh Yazdkhasti 1 Bita Badehnoosh b_badehnoosh@yahoo.com 2 Department of Midwifery, School of Medicine, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Department of Gynecology & Midwifery, Faculty of Midwifery and Assistant Professor, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Background: Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) Syndrome is an agenesis of the Müllerian system. MRKH is the second most common cause of primary amenorrhea after gonadal dysgenesis. The uterus is absent or originally formed. Only two-thirds of the vagina is formed. The ovaries are present and the karyotype is feminine and natural. Secondary sexual characteristics appear but the woman has primary amenorrhea. Materials and Methods: This study is a case report. The patient was a 17-year-old married woman who presented with persistent and monthly pain in the abdomen and back. They have never had a menstrual cycle before. She had a bicornuate uterus and was diagnosed with MRKH. They had suffered psychological trauma due to infertility on the part of their spouse's family and were divorcing their spouse. Results" Demographic and fertility characteristics included: age 17 years, married, BMI:21.4, age at marriage 14 years, had secondary sexual characteristics, primary amenorrhea, vaginal length three centimeters. In hormonal test AMH = 6.1, TSH = 1.57, LH = 6, Prolactin = 253.4, 17 OHProgestrone = 1.0, FSH = 5.3 were reported. Conclusion: There are few studies in Iran on the prevalence, causes and types of Rocky Tansky syndrome. This syndrome severely reduces the quality of life of adolescent and young girls. The high cost of surgical treatment and infertility puts a lot of burden on families. It also causes a lot of psychological trauma, especially to the patient. Therefore, these people need comprehensive support. http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1407-en.pdf Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) Syndrome Gonadal dysgenesis Case report per Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 2588-3046 2021-10 10 4 531 538 article Ahmadreza Mirzaei 1 Iman Shirinbak 2 Mohsen Khansari Bakhtiari1, Nooshin Gholizadeh 3 Nooshin Gholizadeh 4 Niloofar Movahedi 5 Arezoo Aghakouchakzadeh a.aghakouchakzadeh@gmail.com 6 Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Department of oral and maxillofacial pathology, School of Dentistry, Alborz University of Medical Science, Karaj, Iran Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Department of oral and maxillofacial pathology, School of Dentistry, Alborz University of Medical Science, Karaj, Iran Background: Dental traumas are important events that can cause tooth displacement, fracture or removal teeth from dental socket. Studies have shown that the prognosis of treatment depends on the knowledge of those present at the accident and the correct performance of the dentist in treating the injured person. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of knowledge and practice of dental students of Alborz University of Medical Sciences about traumatic dental injuries. Methods: The present study was conducted on 63 dental students of Alborz University of Medical Sciences. Participants answered a questionnaire containing 7 multiple-choice questions. Questions 1 and 2 were about demographic information of students and questions 3 to 7 were related to dental trauma. Results: The results showed that, in response to question 3 93.7% of people, take it to the dentist after finding the broken fragment. In response to question 4, 63.5% put the broken fragment in the milk and take it to the dentist. In response to question 5, 57.1% of people after finding a tooth, replant it and take to the dentist. In response to question 6, 58.7% wash the tooth in tap water, if find the tooth covered by dirt. In response to question 7, 42.9% of people selected the extracted tooth environment as milk. Conclusion: Comparison of previous studies and guidelines related to dental trauma management with the findings of this study showed that dental students of Alborz University of Medical Sciences have good knowledge about this issue.   http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1408-en.pdf Knowledge Practice Management Traumatic Dental Occlusion Dental