per Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 2588-3046 2020-08 9 4 1 10 article Somayeh Khoramian Tusi So_khoramian@yahoo.com 1 Rasoul Forghani 2 Mitra Rahim Zadeh 3 Behnam Zeynali 4 Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Dentist Associate Professor, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran MSC of Computer Science, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran Background: DMFT index and Oral Hygiene Index Simplified (OHI-S) are diagnostic indicators of oral health. The aim of this study was to determine the DMFT and OHI_S indexes at Alborz University of Medical Sciences in 2018. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study was conducted among 381 students of Alborz University of Medical Sciences during the academic year of 2018. The numbers of decayed, filled and missing teeth were recorded. Students were also evaluated for the debris and calculus index. Results: In this study, 38.1% of the subjects were males with an average age of 20.51±2.01 years old and 61.9% were females with an average age of 20.59±2.2 years old. The average of DMFT index in students was 6.48±3.4, which the highest DMFT index was related to the number of decayed teeth. The mean OHI-S index of the subjects was 0.66±0.63, which 84.3% of students had a good status, 15.5% moderate and 0.2% had a bad condition. There was no significant difference between boys and girls regarding DMFT and OHI-S indexes (P>0.05). The relationship between the numbers of students' brushing was reversed with DMFT and OHI-S indexes, but this relationship was not statistically significant (P>0.05). There was a significant difference in DMFT and OHI-S indexes between students’ different educational fields. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the students were desirable condition in OHI-S index and relatively favorable in the DMFT index. http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1168-en.pdf Dental Caries Index DMFT Oral Hygiene Index Simplified OHI-S per Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 2588-3046 2020-08 9 4 11 22 article Zahra Momeni 1 Mina Hamian 2 Behrouz Pouragha Pouragha@gmail.com 3 Farnaz Asadi 4 Danial Muridi 5 Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine Specialist Department of Public Health, School of Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Orthodentist Dentist Background: Dental caries is considered as the most common chronic disease and a major health problem in developing countries. Excessive consumption of carbohydrates is one of the most important causes of dental caries as well as obesity. The aim of this study was investigating dental caries (based on DMFT index) and its relation with body mass index (BMI) among students of Alborz University in 2018-2019. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 382 students were choosed by a Quota sampling. Demographic information, dietary, nutrition and hygenic habits were recorded by a questionnaire. Then clinical examination was performed concidering oral health status and DMFT. Also BMI of the participants was calculated by measuring the height and weight of each student. SPSS-19 software was applied for data analysis. Results: Overal 38.2% of the students were male (20.56 ± 1.9 years old) and 61.8% were female (20.59 ± 2.2 years old). The mean of DMFT and BMI of the participants was 6.6 ± 3. 3 teeth and 22.7 ± 3.2 kg/m2 respectively. In all, 0.3% had severe low weight, 8.4% low weight, 68.6% normal, 20.4% overweight, 2.1% class-I obesity and 0.3% class-II obesity. Relationship between DMFT and BMI was not significant (P=0.299). Conclusion: In this study no significant relationship was noticed between DMFT and BMI, which indicates that these two indexes are independent of each other http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1169-en.pdf Body Mass Index BMI Dental Caries Index DMFT Students Alborz Univerity per Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 2588-3046 2020-08 9 4 23 30 article Somayeh Khoramian Tusi So_khoramian@yahoo.com 1 Shirouyeh Reza 2 Behnam Zeynali 3 Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Dentist MSC of Computer Science, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran Introduction: IOTN index (Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need) is an appropriate tool for measuring the need for orthodontic treatment in the community and has many applications, including planning, sharing resources and improving standards therapeutic. This study was aimed to determine the IOTN of dental students in Alborz University of Medical Sciences in 2018. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 401 students without any history of orthodontic treatment were selected by cluster random sampling. The IOTN index was determined by the WHO methodology and a questionnaire containing demographic information was also completed. Results: 38.4% of participants were male with an average age of 20.5±1.6 years old and 61.6% were female with an average age of 20.45±2 years old. There was no significant difference between age and gender (P=0.912). The frequency of students needed to orthodontic treatment was 3.8% based on the AC component. On the base of DHC, 8.6% of students needed to moderate orthodontic treatment and 0.8% of students needed severe orthodontic treatment. Conclusion: The prevalence of need for orthodontic treatment in students of Alborz University of Medical Sciences is relatively low.   http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1170-en.pdf Malocclusion Orthodontics Need for orthodontic treatment per Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 2588-3046 2020-08 9 4 31 38 article Arezoo Aghakouchakzadeh a.aghakouchakzadeh@gmail.com 1 Mohammad Mohamadzadeh 2 Mina Hamian 3 Mitra Rahim Zadeh 4 Sahar Esmail Shrazi 5 Assistant Professor, Department of oral and maxillofacial pathology, School of Dentistry, Alborz University of Medical Science, Karaj, Iran Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Science, Karaj, Iran Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine Specialist Department of Healthcare Services Management, School of Health Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Introduction: With respect to the outbreak probability of dangerous infections among the patients, the water sources of dentistry units were taken into consideration, in view of microbial contamination. The objective of this study was to assess of pathogenic organisms of the water used in the dentistry units at Alborz Dental School. Material and methods: In this study, 120 samples from high speed handpieces before and after flushing, syringes, drinking water of units and also 5 samples of tap water were taken as control. Then the samples were cultured on EMB and Blood agar plates and the number of the bacterial colonies were counted. The data were analysed using Descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 125 samples were examined for bacterial contamination. The mean bacterial count of primary turbine before flushing was 5463.33±6921.156 Cfu/ml, the mean bacterial count of turbine after 30 seconds of flushing was 3090.00 ±4354.336 Cfu/ml, the mean bacterial count of syringe was 2733.33±2666.307 Cfu/ml, the mean bacterial count of drinking water of unit was 1996.67±1060.411 Cfu/ml. Also the mean bacterial count of tap water was 83.666±280.00 Cfu/ml. Microorganisms isolated were as follow: Escherichia coli (41.64%), Klebsiella (30.83%), Non-pathogenic Staphylococci (26.6%), Micrococus (25.83%), etc. Conclusion: The result of this study demonstrated that bacterial contamination level of dental unit waterlines is high, and the microbiological quality of the water must be monitored regularly. Flushing decreases the contamination of DUWL, but in surgeries and in persons with immunedificiency, the use of other methods of DUWL decontamination is recommended. http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1171-en.pdf Dental unit waterlines Contamination Culture Colony Count per Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 2588-3046 2020-08 9 4 39 45 article Masomeh Esmaily 1 Manijeh Mohammadian dr.mohamadian77@gmail.com 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontic Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Assistant Professor, Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran One of the most important concerns of patients is the need for orthodontic treatment, is the long duration of treatment and pain and discomfort during treatment. Also, long duration of treatment, is associated with increased caries risk, root resorption and gingival recession. Reducing the duration of treatment reduces the complications of orthodontic treatments and at the same time increases patient satisfaction. There has been a great deal of research in the area of accelerated tooth movement to reduce treatment time. There are various methods to accelerate tooth movement, including chemicals (prostaglandin E2, vitamin D3 and parathyroid hormone), ultrasonic application and electrical stimulants. Today, a new invasive, non-invasive technique is used to accelerate tooth movement in orthodontics, including corticotomy surgery and laser therapy. The purpose of this study was to review the mechanism of tooth movement during orthodontic treatment and to investigate the invasive and non-invasive interventional methods to accelerate tooth movement during orthodontics. http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1172-en.pdf Accelerated tooth movement Corticotomy Bone remodeling Low level laser per Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 2588-3046 2020-08 9 4 46 52 article Mnia Hamian 1 Behrooz Pouragha 2 Ehsan Mirzaei 3 Ahmadreza Mirzaei 4 Nasrin Rafieian Koopaee 5 Arezoo Aghakouchakzadeh a.aghakouchakzadeh@gmail.com 6 Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine Specialist Department of Healthcare Services Management, School of Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine Specialist Assistant Professor, Department of oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Alborz University of Medical Science, Karaj, Iran Background: Prescribing medication and prescribing was the last stage of communication between doctor and patient, the quality of which plays an important role in achieving the desired treatment outcome. This study aimed to investigate prescription behavior of dentists and common prescription errors by dentists in Karaj Province in 2018. Methods: In this study, 1254 prescriptions by dentists in Karaj Province from April 2018 to February 2019, from Social Security and Therapeutic Services insurance organizations were evaluated, in order to access the required information a checklist containing essentials of Standard and correct medical prescription was provided. Then, each medical prescription was reviewed for what was said and the error was recorded in the existing list. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21 using chi-square test. Results: The prevalence of prescription errors in dentists in Karaj (94%) was estimated, most common errors observed in the reviewed medical prescriptions were respectively number of each drug (88%), the mistake in the dosage (54%), the unidentified intervals of prescribed medications (35%), the mistakes in writing the name Medication (21%); mistake in writing the drug form (18%); administration of more than 3 drugs in one copy (17%); mistakes in the prescription drug (12%) and not the end of the prescription (8.1%). Conclusion: According to the findings of present study, the medical prescriptions reviewed did not satisfy correct prescribing principles, This could delay or endanger the success of treatment and improvement of patients, Based on this information gap, it is essential that more emphasis is Systematic and targeted training of dentists during the course of dentistry as well as the development of retraining planning. http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1173-en.pdf Error Prescription Drug Dentists per Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 2588-3046 2020-08 9 4 53 58 article Ahmadreza Mirzaei 1 Arezoo Aghakouchakzadeh a.aghakouchakzadeh@gmail.com 2 Mahboobeh Mehrabani 3 Zohreh Khodaii 4 Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Alborz University of Medical Science, Karaj, Iran Dietary Supplements and Probiotics Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Dietary Supplements and Probiotics Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Background: The common cause of stomtitis is the oral dandruff of candida albicans in the Microbial flora of the oral cavity of healthy young people. The base of acrylic dentures is usually made of the polymethacrilate resin. The various factors make it possible for the cavonisusion candida to be cooled in to these materials, which there are various protocols to prevent this. The probiotics may be among these factors. Methods: In this study, discs of acrylic resins in different groups after exposure to Candida albicans were exposed to are solution including a probiotic bacteria L-rhamnosus GG ,a solution containing probiotic K12 streptococcus salivarius a sodium hypochlorite , nystatin solution, normal saline, then the number of candida albicans was counted and their comparison was made Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA. Results: The results showed a significant decrease (p<0/001) in the number of C.adbicans in discriples in probiotic solution to normal saline solations. Also, the lowest number of C.adbicans sticking to discs plates in a solution Containing nystatin and sodium hypochlorite has been Conclusion: According to the results of this study, probiotic Solutions can be used to reduce the number of C.alhicans adhearing to the removable denture base. http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1174-en.pdf Candida albicans Polymethacrylate Probiotics per Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 2588-3046 2020-08 9 4 59 66 article Zakiyeh Donyavi Zakiyeh_donyavi@yahoo.com 1 Elham Khoshbin 2 Zahed Mohammadi 3 Morad Zafari 4 Assistant Professor, Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Assistant professor, Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Endodontist, Iranian Center for Endodontic Research, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran General Dental Practitioner, Hamadan, Iran Introduction and Aims: Treatment of the endodontic emergencies requires efficient knowledge and skills in diagnosis, definitive dental therapy and drugs administration. There are various treatment modalities to treat endodontic flare-ups. Therefore, dentists may prefer a range of the modalities in the practice, based on their opinions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of general dentists of Hamadan in management of endodontic emergencies.   Methodology: A questionnaire was presented to all general dentists of Hamadan. The questionnaire was made up of 6 questions with multiple-choice responses. Furthermore, demographic information, professional activity, and attitude for patient-referral to endodontist were asked by the questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and reported as descriptive results. Results: A total of 110 dentists (79 male and 31 female) aged 38.45±7.75 returned the questionnaires. The most practitioners (63.6%) used formocresol  as root canal medicament; the most common procedure for root canal instrumentation was combination technique (40.9%); 65.5% of the respondents prepared root canals 0.5 to 1 mm short of radiographic apex; the most administered analgesic and antibiotic regimen were Ibuprofen (70.9%) and combination of amoxicillin-metronidazole (34.5%) respectively. The first-choice root-canal irrigant was NaCl/H2O (56.4%). Conclusion: This study showed that the majority of general dentists desired to manage patients with endodontic emergencies rather than their referral to endodontists. http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1175-en.pdf Endodontic emergency Root canal therapy Endodontic flare-up General dentists per Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 2588-3046 2020-08 9 4 67 77 article Manijeh Mohammadian dr.mohamadian77@gmail.com 1 Assistant Professor, Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran The daily increase in Patients' demand for cosmetic treatments has led to dental restorations moving towards the use of all-ceramic materials. The development of all-ceramic restorations over the last decade has revolutionized aesthetic dentistry. Recent advances in ceramic manufacturing and processing methods have led to the evolutionary growth of all-ceramic materials with superior biomechanical properties. Today, extensive research is being carried out to increase strength, aesthetic, dimensional accuracy and ability of these restorations to reliably bond with different dental substrates. Currently, different ceramic materials and systems are available for clinical use. In this review article, the all-ceramic restorations have been investigated in terms of evolution, development, classification and strength improvement. The success of all-ceramic restorations depends on different factors, such as dentist performance, quality of materials, manufacturing techniques, and clinical conditions of the case. However, further clinical studies are recommended for the development of all-ceramic materials and systems.   http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1176-en.pdf All ceramic materials Zirconia Glass ceramic Dental materials