per Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 2588-3046 2015-01 4 1 1 10 article M. Pourghaderi 1 A. Afshar 2 S.S. Hakim sara.hakim7153@gmail.com 3 A.A. Safari 4 R. Tajbakhsh 5 A.A. Karimi 6 MA in Nutrition, Food & Drug Deputy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran MA in Nutrition, Food & Drug Deputy ,Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran MA in Nutrition, Food & Drug Deputy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Pharmacist, Food & Drug Deputy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Nephrologist, Assistant Professor, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Doctor of Medical Laboratory Sciences Background: Protein-energy malnutrition is one of the most complicated, multifactorial and prevalent phenomenon in hemodialysis patients and is directly related to increased mortality in this patients. This research conducted for assessment of nutritional indicators and some related factors in hemodialysis patients referred to hospitals covered by Alborz University of medical science in summer 91. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 210 hemodialysis patients. Anthropometry indicators (BMI, TSF, MAMC and MAC), biochemical parameters (albumin and creatinin), protein and energy intake was measured with 24-hour recall. FP ΙΙ and SPSS (version 12) was used for analysis of data. Results: On the base of results insufficiency of energy and protein intake in this patients was reported very high (respectively 93.8% and 82.8%). Also depletion of fat and structural protein storage was reported 38.2% and 84.5% respectively in these patients. Malnutrition on the base of MAMC was high in men (P=0.04) and on the base of TSF in women (P= 0.001) significantly. Relation of age with anthropometry indicators and albumin was also significant. Conclusion: Malnutrition is prevalent and severe problem in hemodialysis patients. Comprehensive and continues assessment of nutritional states of these patients and reflection of results for education and facility of servicing are recommended. http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-264-en.pdf Albumin Hemodialysis Malnutrition MAMC per Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 2588-3046 2015-01 4 1 11 16 article M. Roozbehani mona.roozbehani@yahoo.com 1 M.J. Gharavi 2 H. Keshavarz 3 MSc of Medical Parasitology, Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Professor of Medical Parasitology, Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Professor of Medical Parasitology, Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Background: Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that has ability to infect most warm blooded vertebrates. primary infection during pregnancy can lead to transmission of the infection to the fetus, with associated symptoms. the aim of this study was to compare methods for serological measurement of anti-toxoplasma IgG and IgM in pregnant women and also tested seroconversion mothers by IgG avidity, and finally comparing the results of these experiments with each others. Methods: In this comparative analytical study, from 2120 pregnant women referred to karaj medical laboratories (in 1392 years) serum specimens were obtained and tested with Chemiluminescence (CLIA) & (Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assay) ELFA methods. Then for detection of chronic and acute infection, serum IgM+ specimens tested by IgG Avidity assay. Results: In this study, out of 1362 cases of 2120 pregnant women were IgG+ with ELFA & CLIA methods. In IgM ELFA method, 38 samples were positive and 2 samples were borderline. In IgM CLIA method, 37 samples were positive and1samples were borderline. In IgG Avidity, from 40 serum samples, 15 samples were low aviditiy, 20 samples were high avidity and 5 samples were borderlines. In IgG Avidity positive predictive value were 57%. Conclusion: Every pregnant women needs to do anti-toxoplasma IgG and IgM tests. after considering all valid serological and molecular methods for deciding to treatment or termination of gestation must be used the other sensitive and reliable parasitology methods such as inoculation of susceptible lab animal and PCR on amniotic fluid. http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-265-en.pdf IgG Avidity assay Pregnant women Toxoplasmosis per Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 2588-3046 2015-01 4 1 17 26 article Gh. Karimi 1 K. Kabir 2 A. Delpisheh alidelpisheh@yahoo.com 3 K. Sayehmiri 4 A. Nazari 5 H. A. Barati 6 Z. Dadashi Ein Sheikh 7 H. Shakori 8 E. Abbaszadeh 9 M. Giasi Khalaf 10 MSc Student of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Student Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Assistant prof of Community Medicine, Vice Chancellor for Research and Technology ,Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Associated Prof of Clinical Epidemiology, Research Center for Prevention of Psycho-Social Injuries, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Associated Prof of Biostatistics, Research Center for Prevention of Psycho-social Injuries, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Assistant Prof & Specialist in Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran General Practitioner, Director of the Prevention and Combating Disease, Department of Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran General Practitioner, Savojbolagh Health Center, Savojbolagh Health Care Network, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Expert Disease Control, Department of Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran BSc of Public Health, Savojbolagh Health center, Savojbolagh Health Care Network, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran BSc of Public Health, Savojbolagh Health center, Savojbolagh Health Care Network, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Background and Objective: Hepatitis B Virus Infection is one of the most common infectious diseases and also among the world's top ten causes of this group diseases-related mortality, so that 500,000 to 1.2 million annually die due to the consequences of this infection such as chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. This study was conducted to determine risk factors for HBsAg-positive prevalence in Alborz Province. Materials and Methods: A 1:1 matched case-control study, 213 of cases reported HBsAg positive to the Alborz University of Medical Sciences in 2013 as case group with 213 of family members of patients with hepatitis C who have serologic markers Anti- HCV negative and HBsAg negative as the control group, were compared in terms of demographic characteristics, History of high risk behaviors, Iatrogenic exposures, community exposures and history of liver disease. Statistical analysis using logistic regression was performed by SPSS software version 18. Results: Reported cases with a mean age of 37.6±15.5 years, was more relevant to marginalized, immigrants and male gender. Nationality, being married, low level of education, family history of HBsAg positive, history of non-intravenous drug abuse, alcohol consumption, history of prison, employment in high risk occupations, sharing of razor, injuries with contaminated sharp instruments and history of jaundice in mother were found to be independent risk factors for HBsAg positive prevalence (OR: 0.27, 3.61, 1.68, 18.04, 12.21, 2.9, 7.52, 2.47, 5.55, 21.48, 11.3, respectively). Conclusions: Unfavorable situation of the marginalized and the prisoners, imported illegal immigrants, especially Afghans can be extended to high-risk behaviors and the threat of a disease surveillance system. Screening and vaccination aforementioned groups, health promotion of the marginalized and raise public knowledge is necessary. http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-266-en.pdf HBsAg-Positive Immigrants Imprisonment Marginalization Risk Factors per Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 2588-3046 2015-01 4 1 27 34 article N. Amini nersisuseamini@yahoo.com 1 A. Rezazadeh 2 G. Khooshemehri 3 M. Amini 4 H. Salehiniya 5 Undergraduate Student in Public Health, Students Scientific Research Center, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran MSc in Health Education and Promotion, Department of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Instructor, MSc in Health Education and Promotion, Department Of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran MD-MPH, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Researcher, Birjand Atherosclerosis and Coronary Artery Research Centre, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand AND PhD Student, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Background: Nosocomial infections are common health problem in all countries its prevalence in ICU is more than other units. According to role of nursing staff in infection control vulnerable children against infections, this study investigated the knowledge, attitudes and self-efficacy of nursing staffs in hospital infections in 2013. Methods: This cross-sectional analytic study was done on all of73 nursing staff working in child hospitals of Tehran university of medical sciences. The data collection tool was including demographic information and standard questionnaire for assess knowledge, attitudes and self-efficacy about controlling hospital infections. SPSS18 software, descriptive statistics, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used. Results: The results showed that 93.2% of staff had the average knowledge and attitudes about hospital infections and 54.8% of them with high self-efficacy in compliance with infection control guidelines were to enjoy. There were no significant relationship between knowledge, attitudes and self-efficacy, age, work experience, literacy, and marital status, but relationship between attitudes and self-efficacy were significant (P <0.05). Conclusion: Most nurses have not good knowledge about nosocomial infection. Although all of them, in the middle and upper levels believed to the threat of nosocomial infections and benefits of compliance controls and most of them had good self-efficacy, but a significant percentage of their reported obstacles such as not having enough time in compliance with guidelines therefore We need to trained to be trimmed down barriers for controlling this infection. http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-267-en.pdf Attitude Knowledge Nosocomial Infections Nursing Staff Self-Efficacy per Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 2588-3046 2015-01 4 1 35 40 article Gh. Khorasani 1 D. Nazemi Salman researchgroups@yahoo.com 2 A. Atri 3 K. Ghanbarzadeh 4 N. Rahman Panah 5 Assistant Professor, Plastic Surgeon, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Plastic Surgery Fellowship, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences ,Tehran, Iran Assistant Professor, Plastic Surgeon, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Assistant Professor, Plastic Surgeon, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Plastic Surgery Fellowship, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences ,Tehran, Iran Bachground: Surgical skin flaps are frequently used in plastic and reconstructive surgery to repair acquired or congenital defects. Necrosis is a common complication associated with these flaps postoperatively as a result of inadequate blood supply. This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of amniotic membrane homogenate in healing the dorsal skin of the rat as an ischemic flap model. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, twenty male Wistar rats weighing between 350 and 400 g were used in the study. For all rats 3 * 10 cm, full-thickness, caudally based pattern dorsal skin flaps were elevated. The rats were randomized into 2 groups: control (I) and experimental (II). Then in 10 point,0.1 mL amniotic membrane homogenate was injected with with equal interval in experimental group and normal salin administered in control group. Seven days later all skin flaps were examined mechanically (necrosis) and histologically. Results: Tissue flap necrosis showed significantly reduced in amniotic membrane homogenate group (p=0.032), and tissue flap survival showed significantly increased in amniotic membrane homogenate group (p=0.036). There were no significant differences in the histology analysis heling proccess between two groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: It seems that, the administration of amniotic membrane homogenate is an effective and safe method that improves the survival of ischemic skin flaps in a rat model. http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-268-en.pdf Amniotic membrane homogenate Ischemic skin flaps Necrosis Survival per Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 2588-3046 2015-01 4 1 41 48 article J. Hasani hasanimehr57@yahoo.com 1 A. Ghaedniay Jahromi 2 Associate Professor of Clinical Psychology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran MA in clinical psychology , Deputy of Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Aim and Background: Emotion dysregulation is a main core of psychopathology and behavioral disorders during adolescence. The aim of the present study was to assess cognitive emotion regulation strategies in runaway and normal girls. Methods: Using available sampling methods 50 run away girls were selected and matched with 50 normal girls. Two groups of participant completed Persian version of cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ-P Hasani, 2010). To compare two groups in cognitive emotion regulation strategies multivariate analysis of variance was used. Results: The results showed that in self-blame, rumination, catastrophizing and other-blame maladaptive strategies, there is a significant difference between two groups and the mean scores of runaway girls is more than normal girls. Also, in refocus on planning and positive reappraisal adaptive strategies there was significant difference between two groups and mean scores of runaway girls was less than normal girls. Conclusions: Adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies that can better adapt to the environment and functions of interpersonal influence, while the use of maladaptive strategies that can be damage of psycho-social provide http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-270-en.pdf Cognitive emotion regulation Delinquency Emotion Run away girls per Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 2588-3046 2015-01 4 1 49 58 article A.R. Shakib 1 J. Rahimi 2 M. Noori Sepehr 3 M. Zarrabi mansor62@gmail.com 4 MD-MPH, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran PhD Candidate of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Associated Professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Lecture, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Background & Objectives: Nitrate is one of drinking water pollutant which is introduced to water body from municipal wastewater. Information on nitrate concentration and its distribution in water resource is necessary in safe drinking water supply. For that reason, the present work was done for investigation of nitrate in Karaj water supply resource and its zonning with Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Materials and Methods: In this work, the nitrate concentration in 200 wells of Karaj water supply system was determined with DR5000 spectrophotometet. After that, the measured nitrate concentration was modeled by Geographic Information Systems. Results: The results show in many area of Karaj, nitrate concentration was below the available standard (45 mg/L). Modeling of nitrate concentration shows the nitrate concentration was lower in North and West North west parts of Karaj City and higher concentration was observed in Sothern eastern. However, in that area, nitrate concentration was also below available standard. Conclusion: The overall results from present work well demonstrate that drinking water source of Karaj was safe based on nitrate concentration and no health risk threat consumer health body. http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-271-en.pdf Drinking water Nitrate Zoning per Alborz University of Medical sciences Alborz University Medical Journal 2322-3839 2588-3046 2015-01 4 1 59 67 article A. Ghalavand 1 S. Shakeriyan 2 R. Rezaee rooholah.rezaee@yahoo.com 3 Sh. Hojat 4 A. Sarshin 5 MA, Department of Sport Physiology, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran Associate Professor, Department of Sport Physiology, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran Sama Technical and Vocational Training College, Islamic Azad University, Andisheh Branch, Andisheh, Iran Associate Professor, Department of Sport physiology, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran Associate Professor, Department of Sport physiology, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran Objective: Physical activity is one of the main pillars of diabetes management. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of resistance training on anthropometric indices and cardio respiratory factors in men with type 2diabetes. Methods: In this semi- experimental study 20 men with type 2 diabetes with mean age 46±3.4 years and fasting blood sugar 148.75±31.5 mg/dl that met the inclusion criteria were selected. The participants were randomly assigned into the resistance training group (N=10) and control group (N=10). Resistance exercise training program was performed for 8 weeks and 3 sessions per week. Anthropometric indices, VO2max, and Respiratory Volume (FVC and FEV1) were measured before and after the intervention. To analyze the measured parameter's changes used t-tests at P<0.05 significant levels. Results: After the 8 weeks, it was observed a significant decrease in Waist to Hip Ratio (P=0.021) and significant increase in VO2max (P=0.031) in resistance group. Also, there was a significant difference in Percent Body Fat (P=0.048) and Waist to Hip Ratio (P=0.021) between 2 groups. Conclusion: The findings of this study confirm the positive influence of resistance training to anthropometric indices and VO2max in men with type 2 diabetes. http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-272-en.pdf Type 2 diabetes Resistance training Anthropometric indices VO2max Respiratory Volume