Showing 8 results for Diagnosis
Mehdi Mousavi, Seyed Abbas Mousavi, Mustafa Raeisi, Delara Salehifar,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (12-2019)
Abstract
Objectives: Psychological problems could have some relationship with undetermined chest pain. The aim of this study was to compare the general mental health status of out-patients with atypical chest pain with a reference age and sex matched controls.
Materials and Methods: Patients less than 40 years old, with atypical chest pain and low probability of ischemic heart disease were included in the study. The control group were age and sex matched. The Iranian translation of 28 item general health questionnaire (GHQ-28) was used to evaluate the mental status.
Results: Totally 113 cases in each group completed the study. Mean age of the study group was 26.33± 5.77 years and 148 cases (65.5%) were female. Mean GHQ-28 score in the atypical chest pain and the control groups were 31.37±14.69 and 21.31±9.97 respectively (P<0.001). Abnormal GHQ-28 scores (≥24) was seen in 71(62.8%) of the atypical chest pain group and 38(33.6%) of the controls (odds ratio: 3.34, 95% confidence interval =1.93-5.76). Multivariate analysis showed that after adjustment for possible confounding factors, atypical chest pain was an independent predictor of abnormal GHQ-28 (odds ratio: 3.32, 95% confidence interval: 1.31-8.47).
Discussion: The results of the present study, showed that our patients with atypical chest pain had worse general mental health state. It is not clear that worse general health state is a cause of atypical chest pain or an incidental concomitant finding.
Aref Atefi, Parisa Dehghan, Amir Hossien Ahmadieh Yazdi, Anahita Khosravi,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (6-2020)
Abstract
Human Herpes Viruses (HSV) contain eight pathogens. HSV is one of the most widespread viruses in the world and due to the simplicity of the way of transmission the number of people infected with the virus has increased in per year. The virus creates a wide range of diseases, including mucosal herpes infections and deadly herpes simplex encephalitis.
Today, for the diagnosis of HSV infection several classic methods such as Morphological, Immunomorphologic, Virological and Serological methods, including Microscopic examination, Virus Culture, Western Blot and ELISA are used. But the speed, sensitivity and specificity of nucleic acid techniques (Molecular Technique) such as simple and modified PCR technique and Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) have led them to become an attractive tool for diagnostic laboratories, and in particular the rapid identification of viral disease agents. In this review article, various methods for detecting herpes viruses were examined and compared.
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Volume 10, Issue 3 (9-2021)
Abstract
Background: Appendicitis is one of the most causes of emergency abdominal surgery worldwide and its diagnosis has been a clinical challenge so far. This study was conducted to estimate positive and negative predictive values, sensitivity and specificity of some of the signs and symptoms alongside several lab results.
Methods: This study had a prospective design that was performed by the completion of a questionnaire via 207 patients who were suspicious of appendicitis.
Results: Among 207 patients, 126 (60.9%) were male and 81 (39.1%) were female. Appendicitis were approved in 178(86%) and rejected in 29(14%) based on pathology results. Rejected cases of appendicitis were more in females (22.2%) compared to males (8.7%). The mean for age was 26.55 years old, with an interquartile range of 19 to 32. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for significant results were as follows, respectively: dysuria 2.8%, 100%, 100%, 14.4%, diarrhea 1.7%, 100%, 100%, 14.2%, fever 5.1%, 100%, 100%, 14.6%, abdominal rigidity 3.4%, 100%, 100%, 14.4%, active urine analysis 11.7%, 86.2%, 83.3%, 14.2%, 1+ C-reactive protein(CRP) 76.3%, 48.3%, 90%, 4+ CRP 2.8%, 96.6%, 83.3%, 14%.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, fever, dysuria, diarrhea, abdominal rigidity and urine analysis had significant specificity and positive predictive value, therefore they can be helpful in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in parallel with other signs, symptoms and lab results, although their absence cannot rule out this diagnosis.
Sahand Shahalinejad, Atefeh Bahadori, Ali Niapour,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (11-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Identifying and demarcating the masses and diagnosing the disease in breast tissue is a serious challenge in diagnosing this cancer. Mammography is currently the most common method to diagnose breast cancer, in which incorrectly identifying the masses can lead to misdiagnosis or sampling of breast tissue. In this study, using feature extraction in medical image processing, we tried to make a diagnosis with better accuracy than in the past.
Materials and Methods: Mammographic image features were extracted using the Harris feature extraction algorithm. Mammographic images were analyzed using Matlab2019a software and ideal outputs were obtained.
Findings: Mammographic images were pre-processed and Harris algorithm was applied. In the output of the proposed algorithm, the accuracy and speed of detection of the algorithm were higher in comparison to other routine methods.
Conclusion: The purpose of extracting the Harris property is to make the raw data more usable for future statistical processing. it is expected that in the future, feature extraction will be more accurate, and more details will be provided to the machine vision systems to identify objects in the image.
Tayebe Aghaie, Melika Gorgani, Morteza Motallebnezhad, Mir Hadi Jazayeri,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (2-2024)
Abstract
Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) is one of the important co-inhibitory receptors in maintaining tolerance and inhibiting the proliferation and activity of activated immune cells. PD-1: PD-L pathway enhances regulatory T cells proliferation and inhibition of autoreactive T cells and regulates central and peripheral tolerance. This pathway has affected various aspects of the immune system and is of particular importance in a variety of diseases, such as autoimmune diseases. Multiple sclerosis (MS) and Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) are neurological disorders characterized by inflammation, demyelination by the immune system, and axonal and neuronal damage in the CNS. The clinical manifestations of NMO are very similar to MS and lead to a misdiagnosis. Therefore, the existence of specific diagnostic markers is of particular importance for correct diagnosis. Here, we examined the expression of the PD-1 gene in 40 MS patients, 20 NMO patients, and 15 healthy individuals. Thus, after RNA extraction from human blood and cDNA synthesis, gene expression of PD-1 was investigated using quantitative real-time PCR technique. The results show that the PD-1 mRNA expression in the peripheral blood of the MS group was significantly increased in comparison to that of the NMO group and healthy group (p= 0.0008, p= 0.0024, respectively). However, there was no significant difference in PD-1 mRNA expression between the NMO group and the healthy group.
Dr Sayyed Yaser Sayyedin , Dr Malihe Farid, , Dr Roshanak Jazayeri,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (12-2024)
Abstract
Objective: Intellectual disability has genetic causes in over 50% of cases. This study aimed to determine the frequency of genetic causes of intellectual disability and to assist in genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis of this condition in Karaj city.
Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 390 cases with at least one instance of intellectual disability among first-degree or more distant relatives were examined. Information regarding the probable inheritance pattern, gender, family history, parental consanguinity, clinical diagnosis, prenatal diagnosis, type, and results of genetic testing was extracted. Data were entered into SPSS software version 23. Descriptive statistics, including central tendency and dispersion measures, along with tables and charts, were used for analysis.
Results: The highest frequency of inheritance patterns was observed in sporadic cases that do not follow any of the common and recognized patterns (autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked, and chromosomal). Following this, the most common inheritance pattern was autosomal recessive, accounting for 143 individuals (36.7% of participants). The number of individuals with chromosomal, autosomal dominant, and X-linked inheritance patterns were 11 (2.8%), 10 (2.6%), and 3 (0.8%), respectively, indicating that X-linked inheritance had the lowest frequency.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, intellectual disability is highly heterogeneous, with autosomal recessive inheritance being a common genetic cause of intellectual disability in Karaj County. Therefore, genetic counseling is crucial in preventing intellectual disabilities in families with a history of disabilities.
Dr Reza Gorji, Dr Saeid Hassanzadeh, Dr Sogand Ghasemzadeh, Dr Masoud Gholamali Lavasani,
Volume 14, Issue 2 (3-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder, and early diagnosis is crucial for effective interventions. The Gilliam Autism Rating Scale (GARS-3) is a widely used tool for diagnosing ASD.
Methods: This descriptive research aimed to validate the Persian version of GARS-3. The sample consisted of 318 individuals aged 3 to 22 years with ASD, as well as normal, mentally retarded, and deaf individuals. Purposeful sampling was used to select the participants.
Results: The results indicated that the Persian version of GARS-3 has good diagnostic and discriminative ability between individuals with ASD and those without (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The study recommends using GARS-3 for screening ASD in Iranian children, emphasizing the importance of using DSM-5 diagnostic criteria alongside the scale’s desirable psychometric properties.
Fatemeh Mansouri,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (5-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: Today, various methods are used to transfer genes and drugs in diagnosis and treatment based on the type of disease. A variety of nanoparticles are available today. In this article, the use of nanoparticles and their types in the transfer of drugs and genes in various diseases is investigated.
Methods: In this review study, primary search was performed in PubMed, Ovid, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases. Original and review articles related to this subject were selected and studied.
Results: The findings show that nanoparticles can be used in gene and drug transfer, faster tumor diagnosis, and targeted drug transfer with less side effects. The use of various nanosystems is very useful in improving the disease process, increasing the speed of diagnosis, reducing the toxicity of drugs, and increasing the effects of drugs in the treatment of cancers and various diseases.
Conclusion: The development of nanotechnology leads to accurate, targeted treatments and faster diagnosis of various diseases.
