1 F. Jafari, 2 F. Azami,
Volume 2, Issue 3 (8-2013)
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women worldwide. In Iran, breast cancer ranks first among cancers diagnosed in women. Nevertheless, many of women haven’t enough knowledge about breast cancer risk factors and symptoms. The main reason for this escalating mortality is lack of awareness and late diagnosis of disease. The aim of present study assessed the knowledge about risk factors and symptoms of breast cancer, also the screening method and practice (Breast self examination) about it. Methods: This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. In this study 340 red crescent volunteer women participated in a national congress were selected with convenience sampling method. The data collection instrument consisted of a three part questionnaire which included demographic factors, Knowledge level about risk factors, symptoms and screening methods of breast cancer and questions concerning practice about breast self examination (BSE).The study tool was a researcher-designed questionnaire which could evaluated a number of variables. After data collection, analysis was carried out with descriptive tests by SPSS.16 software. Results: The mean age of subjects was 23±2.1yrs. Knowledge about breast cancer risk factors was very poor, the most widely known risk factor and lowest among the participants was family history of breast cancer (30.6 %) and early menarche (under 12 years) (0.3%) respectively. Only 47.9% respondents correctly recognized breast lump and 11.2% breast discharge as the most common symptoms of breast cancer.30% of subjects were aware of BSE. However, a lesser proportion (9.4%) was done BSE regular monthly every few months. Conclusion: Regarding the low level of the women’s knowledge about breast cancer especially in young educated women, screening and interventional programs to improve awareness and practice is essential.
1 M. Moamen Heravi, 2 H. Afzali, 3 R. Razaghi, 4 Z. Vakili,
Volume 2, Issue 3 (8-2013)
Abstract
Background: Drug injection is one of the most important risk factor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and viral hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The present study was performed to evaluate the seroprevalence of HBV and HIV infection among injecting drug users (IDUs) and to identify the related risk factors for these infections in this group. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was carried out on three hundred IDUs coming to MMT, DIC and behavior counseling centers in kashan in 2009. questionnaires consisting of demographic information and related risk factors of HBV, HIV infection were filled through interviews. After taking consent , 5 cc blood were obtained. HBV and HIV infection using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) were examined HIV positive cases were confirmed by western blot. Data analyzed using Spss (version 16). and K square and fisher exat test. Results: 288(96%) out of 300 IDUs, were male and 12(4%)were female. The majority of IDUs 127(42. 3%) were in 30-39 age group with mean age 34. 9±9. 7. (Min:17,Max 68). The majority of IDUs 224(74. 7%) had more than 10 years history of addiction .The age range of onset addiction was 15-20 year in the most of cases 134(44. 7%). The prevalence of HIV was 7(2. 3%), and HBsAg+2(0. 7%). There was no coinfection HIV and HBV. Conclusion: According to High risk behaviors in IDUs and identified HIV cases among them, periodic screening of IDU, HBV vaccination and treatment of addiction and development of MMT centers to prevent of these infections is recommended.
1 Gh. Karimi, 2 K. Kabir, 3 A. Delpisheh, 4 K. Sayehmiri, 5 A. Nazari, 6 H. A. Barati, 7 Z. Dadashi Ein Sheikh, 8 H. Shakori, 9 E. Abbaszadeh, 10 M. Giasi Khalaf,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (1-2015)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Hepatitis B Virus Infection is one of the most common infectious diseases and also among the world's top ten causes of this group diseases-related mortality, so that 500,000 to 1.2 million annually die due to the consequences of this infection such as chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. This study was conducted to determine risk factors for HBsAg-positive prevalence in Alborz Province. Materials and Methods: A 1:1 matched case-control study, 213 of cases reported HBsAg positive to the Alborz University of Medical Sciences in 2013 as case group with 213 of family members of patients with hepatitis C who have serologic markers Anti- HCV negative and HBsAg negative as the control group, were compared in terms of demographic characteristics, History of high risk behaviors, Iatrogenic exposures, community exposures and history of liver disease. Statistical analysis using logistic regression was performed by SPSS software version 18. Results: Reported cases with a mean age of 37.6±15.5 years, was more relevant to marginalized, immigrants and male gender. Nationality, being married, low level of education, family history of HBsAg positive, history of non-intravenous drug abuse, alcohol consumption, history of prison, employment in high risk occupations, sharing of razor, injuries with contaminated sharp instruments and history of jaundice in mother were found to be independent risk factors for HBsAg positive prevalence (OR: 0.27, 3.61, 1.68, 18.04, 12.21, 2.9, 7.52, 2.47, 5.55, 21.48, 11.3, respectively). Conclusions: Unfavorable situation of the marginalized and the prisoners, imported illegal immigrants, especially Afghans can be extended to high-risk behaviors and the threat of a disease surveillance system. Screening and vaccination aforementioned groups, health promotion of the marginalized and raise public knowledge is necessary.
