Showing 8 results for Genes
Samaneh Saeedi, Mohammad Reza Abdolsalehi, Mahmoud Khodabandeh, Azadeh Alvandimanesh, Abazar Pournajaf, Ramazan Rajabnia,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (12-2018)
Abstract
Introduction: Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most important pathogenic bacteria that causes nosocomial infections, especially in burned patients. In recent years, Carbapenems have been considered as a selective antibiotic in the treatment of multi-drug resistant A. baumannii, but the rapid appearance of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii has been reported worldwide. The purpose of this study was to investigate different classes of integron and Carbapenem-resistance encoding genes in A. baumannii isolated from burn wound samples in Shahid Motahari Hospital in Tehran.
Material and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 70 samples of A. baumannii were collected from burn injured patients referred to the Motahari Hospital. After identification and confirmation of strains, an antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using disk diffusion agar test. Also, metallo-β-lactamases producing isolates were identified using combined disk and E-test. BlaKPC producing strains were also identified using modified Hodge test. Finally, in order to evaluate genomic strains, after DNA extraction using boiling method, the PCR reaction for intI, intII, intIII, IMP, VIM, NDM, OXA-23-like, OXA-24-like, OXA genes -85-like, OXA-51-like and KPC.
Results: In this study, all A. baumannii isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, piperacillin and Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Out of 67 imipenem-resistant isolates, 57 (85.1%) and 61 (91%) isolates were considered as MBL producing in combination phenotypic tests and E-test. 44 (65.6%), 21 (31.3%) and 1 (1.5%) isolates were positive for blaVIM, blaIMP and blaNDM genes, respectively. So, 52 (77.6%) and 27 (40.3%) had OXA-23 and OXA-24 genes. 11 (15.7%) isolates were positive for KPC production in the Modified Hodge Test, but only 27.3% (3 strains out of 11 isolates) were carrying blaKPC gene. Also, 12 (17.1%), 54 (77.1) and 3 (4.3%) isolates, were carrying intI, intII and intIII genes, respectively.
Conclusion: The increased frequency of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii in burn patients suggests choosing an appropriate antibiotic regimen based on the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates. The rapid identification of carbapenemase-producing strains is helpful to select suitable options for antimicrobial therapy and prevent the further spread of their encoding genes.
Fatemeh Soghra Mahdavi, Rabieh Izadi Amoli, Roghaye Oskooeian,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (8-2019)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common nosocomial pathogens with high mortality rates. The Biofilm-dependent methicillin-resistant S. aureus remains a major clinical concern in this group of patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the icaABCD forming biofilm genes in methicillin resistant isolates of S. aureus.
Materials and Methods: In study was performed on 238 S. aureus isolates from various clinical specimens obtained from patients referring to Shohada hospital, Mahmudabad in 1396. Susceptibility test to methicillin was performed by disk diffusion agar according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. All Methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates were examined for phenotype biofilm formation and determination the icaABCD genes by using Congo red agar and PCR method.
Results: The ability for biofilm formation in 33 (38%) methicillin-resistant isolates of S. aureus was showed strong 8 isolates (24.24%) as strong, 19 isolates (57. 57%) as average and 6 isolates (18.19 %) as weak. The prevalence of icaA, icaB, icaC, and icaB were 8%, 9%, 10% and 20% respectively.
Conclusion: Our results indicated that the isolates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus were able to form biofilms and all four icaABCD genes were identified in these isolates.
Maryam Hassanzadeh Moghadam, Mehrdad Shariati, Sirous Naeimi, Mohammad Amin Edalatmanesh,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (12-2019)
Abstract
Background and aim: Diabetes affects the testicles by oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of N-acetylcysteine on the number of spermatogenesis cells in diabetic rats.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 42 adult male Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups of 6. This study was carried out in two periods of 5 and 28 days. Thus, in the first period, the positive sham group and experimental groups received 1 ml streptozotocin solution in distilled water at 50 mg / kg for 5 days intraperitoneally. At the end of the sixth day, the blood glucose levels in rats reached 200 mg / dl. In the second period, control group without any injections, sham group received intraperitoneal injection of distilled water, positive control group without injection, negative sham group received 200 mg / kg of n-acetylcysteine intraperitoneally for 28 days. Experimental group 1, 2 and 3, which included diabetic rats receiving 100, 200 and 400 mg / kg doses of N-acetylcysteine intraperitoneally for 28 days, respectively. At the end of the experimental period, rats were under anesthetized anesthesia. The body weight of all animals was measured and the testicles were removed and examined after staining and staining by hematoxylin-eosin method.
Results: Mean body weight, spermatogonia, spermatocyte, spermatid and leydig showed a significant decrease in the positive sham group compared to the control group. The mean number of spermatogonium and leydig cells in all experimental groups showed a significant increase compared to the positive sham group. The mean number of spermatid cells in experimental groups 2 and 3 was significantly higher than the positive sham group. The mean number of spermatocyte cells in the experimental groups 3 was significantly higher than the positive sham group (P ≤ 0.05). Diabetes also led to pathological changes in the seminiferous tubes in diabetic rats. This is while different amounts of N-acetylcysteine have improved this in experimental groups.
Conclusion: The results showed that N-acetylcysteine protects the testicles against diabetes and improved the spermatogenesis process in streptozotocin induced diabetes.
Reza Salimi, Ali Chitgar, Alireza Mokhtari,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (12-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Escherichia coli is a natural microflora of the human heart and all the warm animals. Mastitis is a disease caused by various pathogens. One of the important factors in the production of mastitis in the livestock is E. coli and is known as peripheral mastitis. The aim of this study was to isolate sulfonamide, integron and tetracycline resistance genes in E.coli isolated from mastitis with clinical symptoms using Multiplex PCR.
Materials and Methods: 50 milk isolates with mastitis symptoms were collected from livestock farms in west of Tehran. Biochemical and microbial tests were performed and antibiotic susceptibility test using disc diffusion method was performed according to CLSI 2016 and E-test with antibiotics of different groups. After isolating the bacteria and extracting DNA, the presence of the genes was investigated by Multiplex PCR.
Results: Based on the findings of this study, out of a total of 50 samples, 1 sample (2%) had Sul2 gene and 32 samples (64%) had the tetA gene and 11 samples (36%) of the tetc gene. Also Int gene was detected in 1 sample of 2% of the samples and the highest antibiotic resistance to the antibiotic sultrim and cotrimoxazole were 68% and 50%, respectively, and the highest sensitivity to tetracycline was 96%.
Conclusion: Comparison of this study with other studies has shown that the resistance gene in E.coli isolated from mastitis is high. The difference between the results of the M-PCR method in this study and the results of studies by other researchers in different parts of the world may be due to the source of the sample, while in studies of other researchers, most cases have been studied on samples of blood diarrhea. Another reason for the difference is the difference in geographical areas.
Mohammad Irani,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (4-2020)
Abstract
An unprecedented outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan City, Hubei province in China emerged in December of 2019. COVID-19 is a betacoronavirus which consisted of a single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) structure that belongs to the Coronavirinae subfamily. With respect to the large number of infected people that were exposed to the alive animals (bats, snakes, pangolins) in Wuhan City, China, it is suggested that this is likely the onset of a origin of COVID-19. The extensive functions have been carried out to reduce person-to-person transmission of COVID-19. In this review, the symptoms, epidemiology, transmission, pathogenesis, phylogenetic analysis and future directions to control the spread of this fatal disease have been presented.
Mehraneh Ardestani, Fatemeh Noorbakhsh, Rabee Khoshnevis Zade,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (5-2021)
Abstract
Introduction: Acinetobacter baumannii is an important bacteria because of high ability to obtain antibiotic resistance genes and creation of multi-drug resistant strains (MDR). Today, the active efflux pumps has been suggested as one of the most important mechanisms of intrinsic and acquired resistance of antibiotics in bacteria. The aim of this study was Evaluation of phenotypic and genotypic expression of efflux pumpin clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii resistant to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin.
Method: Twenty eight strains of Acinetobacter baumannii were isolated from wound of patients were admitted to Tehran heart hospital and diagnosed by biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility of isolates was determined by disc diffusion method according to CLSI. Cartwheel method was used to determine the activity of the efflux pump after determining the antibiotic resistant profile, the expression of adeA, AdeB and AbeM gene evaluated by RT-PCR
Results: Antibiotic susceptibility test of isolated Acinetobacter baumannii show a high resistance to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, tetracycline and imipenem antibiotics in all strains. The results of the cartwheel were identical before and after the administration of the ciprofloxacin and gentamicin antibiotics. Also Antibiotic resistance to the gene expression of adeA, adeB and abeM were up to 50%.
conclusion:Evalution of phenotypic result of efflux and gene expression of the efflux pump indicates that, there is no significant relationship between the efflux pump in phenotypic method and the molecular method of gene experssion of adeA, adeB, abeM in presences of to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin.
Mansoureh Yazdkhasti, Bita Badehnoosh,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (10-2021)
Abstract
Background: Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) Syndrome is an agenesis of the Müllerian system. MRKH is the second most common cause of primary amenorrhea after gonadal dysgenesis. The uterus is absent or originally formed. Only two-thirds of the vagina is formed. The ovaries are present and the karyotype is feminine and natural. Secondary sexual characteristics appear but the woman has primary amenorrhea.
Materials and Methods: This study is a case report. The patient was a 17-year-old married woman who presented with persistent and monthly pain in the abdomen and back. They have never had a menstrual cycle before. She had a bicornuate uterus and was diagnosed with MRKH. They had suffered psychological trauma due to infertility on the part of their spouse's family and were divorcing their spouse.
Results" Demographic and fertility characteristics included: age 17 years, married, BMI:21.4, age at marriage 14 years, had secondary sexual characteristics, primary amenorrhea, vaginal length three centimeters. In hormonal test AMH = 6.1, TSH = 1.57, LH = 6, Prolactin = 253.4, 17 OHProgestrone = 1.0, FSH = 5.3 were reported.
Conclusion: There are few studies in Iran on the prevalence, causes and types of Rocky Tansky syndrome. This syndrome severely reduces the quality of life of adolescent and young girls. The high cost of surgical treatment and infertility puts a lot of burden on families. It also causes a lot of psychological trauma, especially to the patient. Therefore, these people need comprehensive support.
Elham Eynikamrani , Alireza Mokhtari , Zahra Tahmasbi-Fard ,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (7-2022)
Abstract
Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important bacteria causing nosocomial infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. Many antibiotics such as aminoglycosides, quinolones, and beta-lactams are used to treat infections caused by this bacterium. But the emergence of hospital resistance and outbreaks of resistance strains have been widely reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of class I, II and III integrons and carbapenemase genes in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 100 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were collected from Tehran health centers. All isolates were confirmed by phenotypic and biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by gel diffusion method, based on CLSI procedure, and on commercial Müller Hinton agar medium with commercial antibiotics.
Results: The results of antibiotic susceptibility test showed that the highest antibiotic resistance was obtained against amikacin (100%) and imipenem (85%) and the least antibiotic resistance to gentamycin (66%). The highest frequency distribution was related to intI gene with 92% and the lowest frequency of intII gene with 5%. KPC gene was detected in 87% and IMP gene in 51% of samples.
Conclusion: Due to the high prevalence of integron in Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant isolates and its association with different patterns of drug resistance, appropriate strategies for infection control and treatment in the studied hospitals are necessary to prevent further spread of these isolates. The PCR method in this study, with the results of other researchers in different parts of the world, may be due to the source of the sample. Rapid detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in clinical specimens is important for initiating treatment. The use of molecular methods to detect antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in clinical samples of patients is very important.
