Alborz University

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Background and Purpose: Physical inactivity is one of the most important public health issues in the world. Increasingly, links are being identified between various elements of the Physical environment and physical activity. Recent research highlights the importance of environment as a determinant of physical activity. This study aimed to identify of related environmental factors of physical activity among dormitory residence university students. Material and Method: In this study we have used environmental factors scale which is including two sections safety and facilities. Sample of study was including 120 people which gathered randomized from dormitory residence university students. Students have filled demography questionnaire and environmental factors questionnaire. Data analytic done for using SPSS. Results: To base environmental factors scale 83.4% of students have believed at dormitory there aren't enough supplies and pieces of sports equipment (like balls, bicycles, skates) to use for physical activity and 56.7% of students have believed that it is difficult to walk or jog in my neighborhood because of things like traffic, no sidewalks, dogs, gangs and so on and 54.1% of students have believed It isn't safe to walk or jog in my neighborhood during the day and 71.6% of students have believed that there are playgrounds, parks, or gyms, close to my home or that I can get to easily. Conclusion: To increase the environmental safety of neighborhood will affected physical activity levels among adolescents.

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Background: The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the group program "parent management training" to reduce the symptoms of external disorders of children affected by attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: The method was semi-experimental design with pretest, posttest, control group, and follow-up was two months. Statistical population were all parents of children with ADHD in the Alborz province, who had referred from 2010 to clinic of childhood and adolescence disorders’ Dr. Maryam Dalili, and had records there. Among them 30 children aged 3-10 and their parents were selected by sampling and matched with regard to research criteria and were randomly divided into two groups of 15 people. Research tool was Rutter`s behavioral assessment questionnaire 1964 that was performed in both groups in pretest, posttest and follow-up. The Management training program for parents of Barkely 1987, included 9 session one-hour, once a week was presented to parents of experimental group, and the control group received no intervention. Data were analyzed by using one-way intra group covariance analysis. Results: Results showed that parents management training significantly has reduced the behavioral disorders symptoms and external signs including aggression, impulsivity, hyperactivity and anxiety in children with ADHA compared with the control group and pretest stage. Conclusion: Parent management training can be an effective method to treat the external symptoms of children with ADHA, and this method can be used in combination with other treatments that are performed about these children, such as drug therapy, behavioral therapy and so on.

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Background: Hydatidosis caused by Echinococcus spp. is a major zoonotic infection that is detrimental to both humans and animal hus‌bandries in many countries. Treatment of hydatid disease is mainly surgical, with medical treatment being reserved as a coadjuvant treatment. Use of effective scolicidal agents during surgery of cystic echinococcosis is essential to reduce the recurrence rate. The goal of this study was to evaluate the in vitro scolicidal effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of Punica granatum root on hydatid cyst protoscolices. Material and Methods: Echinococcus granulosus protoscolices were collected from the liver of sheep infected with the hydatid cyst. Various concentrations of plant extracts(a.b.c) were used in different exposure times for viability assay of protoscolices. Results: Among the root extracts tested, 0.1% con‌centrations had strong scolicidal effects in 6 hr. 0.1% and 0.01% concentrations of pomegranate root had protoscolices activity against in 4hr and 6 hr, respectively. Conclusion: The finding suggests that Punica granatum root might be used as a protoscolices agent in treatment of hydatid cyst.

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Background: Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease and a growing global health problem that causes bones to thin and fragile. It is estimated that about two million people suffer from osteoporosis. According to the World Health Organization recommends regular physical activity is effective in preventing and while the results of some studies show about 65% of working women in Iran; do not get enough physical activity. This study aimed to determine factors associated with regular physical activity behavior for the prevention of osteoporosis in female employees Alborz University of Medical Sciences and was designed by HBM

Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study involving 217 female university employees, all of whom were studied with the consent of the census. Tools for data collection questionnaire that included demographic questions, knowledge and questions based on health belief model structures that had done

Validity and reliability. Data were analyzed using spss Edition19 and descriptive analytical statistics tests.

Findings: The results show that regular physical activity was 37/8%. Idependent t-test showed a significant difference (P< 0/001) knowledge and self-efficacy between the two groups (with and without regular physical activity). Logistic regression analysis showed that knowledge and self-efficacy are significant predictor of Physical activity behavior. In this study, a significant association was found between the income and physical activity

And the other factors such relationship wasnot found for physical activity.

Conclusion: According to lack of regular physical activity and considering the relationship between knowledge and self-efficacy with physical activity, the need to addressing this issue through educational programming based on related factors. 

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Background: Analysis of hospital cost is one of the key subjects for resource allocation. The Activity – based costing is an applicable tool to recognize accurate costs .This technique helps to determine costs. The aim of this study is utilizing activity activity-based costing method to estimate the cost of dialysis unit related to Shahid Rajaei hospital in year 2015.

Methods: The type of this research is applied and sectioned descriptive study. The required data is collected from dialysis unit , accounting unit, discharge, the completion of medical equipments of Shahid Rajaei hospital in the first six months 2015 which was calculated cost by excel software.

Results and Conclusion: In any month, the average 1238 patients accepted to receive the dialysis services in Shahid Rajaei hospital .The cost of consumables materials was 47.6%, which is the majority percentage of allocated costs. The lowest cost related to insurance deductions about 2.27%. After Calculating various costs of dialysis services, we find out, the personal cost covers only 32% of the all cost. The other ongoing overhead cost is about 11.94% of all cost. Therefore, any dialysis service requires 2.017.131 rial costs, however the tariff of any dialysis service is 1.838.871 rial. So, this center loses 178,260 rial in each session. The results show that the cost of doing any dialysis services is more than the revenue of it in Shahid Rajaei hospital. It seems that the reforming processes of supplying consumable, changing the tariffs in chronic dialysis; especially in set the filter and consumable materials unit besides controlling the cost of human resource could decrease the cost of this unit with Regard to the results recommended using capacity of the private department recommended. 

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Backgrounds and Objective:Physical activity is one of the important and effective factors associated with the human health. The elderly are among the most vulnerable groups in many diseases and disorders that exercise can prevent of many of these diseases. The aims of this study is to determine the level of physical activity among elderly of Karaj city and its relationship with some the demographic factors.

Materials and Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the first half of 2014 and in health centers of Karaj city, Iran. The study population were people older than 60 years (n=286) who referred to these centers. A short physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to collect data. Data were analyzed by SPSS and the descriptive and analytical tests. 

Results: The age mean of elderly was 67/37 ± 6/5 years. The majority of them (52/4%) were woman & (54/2 %) were in families with 4-6 members. About physical activity level in participant finding show that 50/5% were in low level, 43/1% intermediate and 6/4% were in high level. A significant relationship was between gender & job in elderly with level of physical activity (P<0/05). 

Conclusion: According to the results it seems that for encourage and remove the barriers of doing physical activity in elderly, basic plans must be done at the macro level of management. So it is suggested that more researches and interventions about barriers of doing physical activity be done in elderly of Karaj city.  

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Background and Purpose: Sexual addiction includes actions, imaginations, and sexual attitudes It's very difficult to control it for a sex addict, and this leads to serious issues in their individual and social life. The present study, entitled Understanding Sexual Addiction in Connection with the Self-Concept of Sexual Addicts, seeks to examine the categories that have been formed in the experience of sex addicts.
Materials and Methods: The method used in this research is qualitative and has been used in the research process from Grounded Theory. Data were collected using participatory observation method and deep interview technique.    
Finding: According to the purposeful sampling method and theoretical sampling and theoretical saturation criterion, 40 sex addicts participated in the research. According to the findings of this research, four categories including "fidelity and consolation, imposed isolation, self-reflection, and unstable trust" were developed. The results of the study showed that the sexual activity of addicted sex addicts is strongly influenced by their experiences and family-environmental interactions that this sexual activity has been exacerbated by the continuing illiteracy of the sex addicts due to the poor functioning of other social institutions such as educational and legal institutions.
Discussion: Accordingly, four categories of research data were tied around the core of the "negative self-concept reinforcement sex addiction" core.
 

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Background: The aim of this research was to explain the mental health and quality of mother-child interaction with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder based on parenting styles.

Methods: Accordingly, the research method was descriptive and among the causal-comparative methods. The population included mothers with children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder who ranged in age from six to twelve in Tehran in the 2020-21 academic year. The sample of the present study, which was selected by convenience sampling method, included 100 mothers with children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder who referred to the Health Center of District 22 of Tehran. CSI4 Parent Report Questionnaire and DSM5-based diagnostic interview were used to identify students with ADHD. Data were collected using the Bamrind Parenting Style Questionnaire (Bamrind,1991), the Parent-Child Relationship Scale (Pianta,1994), the Child Behavioral Problems Scale (Canners,1968), and the Mental Health Questionnaire.

Results: The results showed that mothers' mental health differed significantly in terms of parenting style except for the total health score. Also, differences in mother-child interaction based on the type of parenting style of mothers were significant, which was reported only in two subscales of general positive relationship and conflict.

Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be stated that parenting education and choosing appropriate styles in mothers with ADHD child can not only improve mothers' mental health, but also improve the quality of mother-child interaction.

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Abstract
Background and Aim: In recent years, universities have faced the challenge of increasing costs while increasing demand, which is seen in most countries of the world. Universities are facing problems such as the lack of educational facilities, suitable space for faculty members and staff, and their low salaries. Therefore, the proper management of costs is one of the priorities of managers and policymakers, along with planning current affairs. The aim of this research, Calculating the costs of general dentistry doctorate in Alborz University of Medical Sciences in the academic year 2021-2022 based on the activity-based costing model (ABC)
Research Method: This research is descriptive and analytical and In terms of time, the work is carried out cross-sectionally-longitudinally. In terms of results, it is applied research. The data were collected using data collection forms and analyzed using EXCEL software and The total price of the general dental doctorate training course was calculated.
Results: In total, 321 general dental doctorate students were studying in Alborz University of Medical Sciences in the academic year 2021-2022. The total direct personnel costs were 98,170,300,898 Rials and the total indirect personnel costs were 81,498,947,536 Rials. The total cost of consumables for the students of the 5th semester and later, according to the type of practical unit and the equipment needed for the students, was estimated at 55,111,406,200 rials. In addition, the total support costs, such as transportation of employees and students, student feeding, building and facilities maintenance, etc., were set at 66,162,256,119 and the depreciation cost was calculated at 17,492,431,115. Finally, the total cost of educating one student was calculated as 992,010,408 Rials.
Conclusion: The total cost for training a student in general dental doctorate course at Alborz University of Medical Sciences in the academic year 2021-2022 was calculated to the amount of 992,010,408 Rials. It is necessary for the policy makers and managers of the Ministry of Health and Universities of Medical Sciences to use the activity-based costing model (ABC) to extract and calculate the cost of training in the medical department and include appropriate strategies to reduce costs while maintaining the quality level of education.
Keywords: Activity based costing (ABC), Cost of services
 

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Introduction: Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors are potent anti-cancer agents. Developing a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model can help understand inhibitor structures and design new molecules. This study aimed to build a QSAR model for matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors.
Methods: The research used 53 matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors with their IC50 activity from literature. Molecules were drawn and energy minimized in MOE software. Molecular descriptors were calculated and used to build a QSAR model.
Results: The QSAR model revealed that Van der Waals interactions, hydrophobic areas, and H-bonds are crucial for inhibitory activity.
Conclusion: The findings can be used to design new matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors for the development of anticancer drugs.