Alborz University

Bachground: Many factors are obviously associated with the overuse of antibiotics at mother's children less than 7 aged. In this study we assess the levels of knowledge,Attitude and practice of mothers about antibiotics use in children less than 7 aged, as well as to identify the contributing factors for inappropriate use.

Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study included, 255 mothers with children less than 7 aged between 2012-2014 They provided their demographic characteristics and completed a artificial questionnaire in regards to their knowledge ,attitudes and practice about antibiotics use in children less than 7 aged. Data were recorded with SPSS software for Windows V. 19 and P<0.05 was regarded as significant statistic results.

Results: The knowledge levels of mothers were 57 (22.4%) poor, 144 (56.4%) moderate, 54 (21.2%) good, attitudes levels were 30 (11.7%) poor, 159 (62.5%) moderate, 66 (25.8%) good and practice levels, 48 (18.9%) poor, 129 (50.5%) moderate and 78 (30.6%) good. Employment mothers and mothers with history of hospitalization in her child had significantly higher knowledge ,attitudes and practice levels (p<0.05).

Conclusion: It seems that, To develop successful educational interventions, it is nessecery to understand the factors causing inapproprate use of antibiotic and increasing of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of the Mothers for children less than 7 years. 

Background: ECRHS questionnaire used for the survey of respiratory symptoms and asthma. In this study the prevalence and associated respiratory symptoms and spirometric indices in Tehran University students were assessed using a questionnaire ECRHS during 2013-2014.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 1729 students from all faculties of Tehran University of Medical Sciences were evaluated at ages 20 to 44 years. The first step for screening respiratory symptoms questionnaire was completed by volunteers ECRHS I that 671 people were excluded because test is negative, and 997 patients because of the reluctance to enter the second phase of the study did not ECRHS II, and 61 patients were entered into the second phase ECRHS questions at this stage was completed by a doctor.

Results: The mean age of participants with respiratory symptoms

was 23.2±3.7 (20-44), that 508 (48%) men and 550 (52%) were female. Prevalence of respiratory symptoms according ECRHS I for all the symptoms 61.2%, respectively, the most frequent wheezing (33%), and the symptoms of allergic rhinitis (73.4%), the prevalence of diagnosed asthma was 9.3%.

Significant direct correlations were found between MEF 25-75 ∆ and With waking with a feeling of heaviness on chest , with Difficulty breathing , between FVCex ∆ and Attack of shortness of breath at rest, between FVCex with Respiratory symptoms during certain times of the menstrual cycle , between FEV1 with Respiratory symptoms during certain times of the menstrual cycle. Also, between allergic rhinitis with FEV1 , between MEF 25-75 with allergic rhinitis, and FEV1/FVC ∆ with allergic rhinitis were found Significa nt direct correlations. But, no significant direct correlations were found between allergic rhinitis with FEV1/FVC, between allergic rhinitis with FVCex ∆.

Conclusion: Asthma seems to be a pattern of high prevalence of risk factors including Environmental, labor, industrial pollution, housing, behavior issues, misconceptions of the disease, lack of education to patients by clinicians. It seems that for improve asthma control, ECRHS questionnaire and spirometry test may be used as a complementary tool in clinical practice to detect adults with asthma and respiratory symptomes.