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Ahmadreza Mirzaei, Mahboobeh Mehrabani, Zohreh Khodaii, Hamid Mirshamsi, Nasrin Rafieian,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (2-2020)
Abstract

Background: Periodontal diseases in smokers are 2.6 to 6 times higher than non-smokers and their response to treatment is much lower. Reducing levels of antioxidants and consequently increasing oxidative damage in the pathogenesis of periodontitis is effective. Regarding the importance of free radicals in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cigarette on the oxidative and antioxidant status of saliva in chronic periodontitis patients and compare it with healthy controls.
Methods: In this case-control study, 20 patients with chronic cigarette smoking periodontitis, 20 patients with non-smoking chronic periodontitis and 20 healthy individuals who had no history of periodontitis and smoking, were among those referring to dental clinics and clinics of Karaj were chosen. Uninstivated saliva was collected and salivary total antioxidant capacity was measured using a kit in saliva. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA.
Results: Total antioxidant capacity of saliva in smoker periodontitis and non-smoker periodontitis was significantly (P <0.05) less than normal Persons.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, chronic periodontitis reduces the total antioxidant capacity of saliva, on the one hand, due to the increased production of oxidants in inflammatory responses to this disease, and, on the other hand, the presence of compounds such as nicotine cigarette that disturbs the chain Respiratory mitochondria and increased oxidants.
Ali Jamilzadeh, Alireza Fathipour, Ali Shamsizadeh Meimandi, Ali Asadi, Hossein Fattahi, ,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (Summer 2023)
Abstract

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is the most important human pathogen. Staphylococcus aureus is considered as a coagulase-producing strain and has extensive enzymatic and toxin activity. The nostrils and perineum are the major centers of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermis. Helicobacter pylori is the most common human infectious disease, causing gastric infections in more than 50% of people worldwide. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Helicobacter pylori carriers in restaurant staff.

Methods: The present study is a descriptive cross-sectional study that was taken from the nasal swab and the palm of the hand to take samples and the food preparation department (restaurant kitchen) as well as the feces of 54 employees located in the active restaurant in Tehran with Gathering age, sex, history of gastrointestinal disease and previous occupation were collected. The culture medium used was Müller Hinton Agar (Merck-Germany) which was prepared according to the instructions and the discs purchased from Hi media (Himedia India) were quality controlled. DNA extraction from fecal samples was performed using Sinagen commercial kit according to the instructions provided by the kit and Multiplex PCR test was used to identify vacA, cagE, cagT, cagA and hrgA genes as well as BlaCTX-M, 16SrRNA and mecA.
             
Results: In this study, the results of antibiogram from 54 cases of coagulase positive and negative staphylococcal infections and Helicobacter pylori infection were evaluated. Percentage of resistance of each of the different isolates to antibiotics used as gentamicin 11%, amikacin 21%, oxacillin 48%, penicillin 67%, ciprofloxacin 19%, erythromycin 49%, methicillin 79%, and tetracycline 24%. Percentage of resistance of different isolates was seen.

Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in people working with clinical signs of enteritis, gastric infection, it can be stated that Helicobacter pylori has an important role in causing enteritis and as a carcinogen in the studied samples. Due to the presence of bacteria that can be transmitted to others, it is necessary to identify and treat human carriers.
Roohollah Askari, Milad Shafii, Mahla Amini, Marziyeh Najafi, Farimah Shamsi, Behrooz Pouragha,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (Spring 2024)
Abstract

Background: Examining the rate of leaving with discharge against medical advice (DAMA) despite not completing the treatment process is one of the ways to be aware of patients' satisfaction with the environment and treatment system. Therefore, the study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting emergency department (ED) discharge with personal responsibility of the patient in selected hospitals of Alborz University of Medical Sciences in 2021.
Methods: The present study was a descriptive cross-sectional study that was conducted in 2021 in the emergency department of selected hospitals affiliated by Alborz University of Medical Sciences. The sample size included 200 patients leaving ED with personal consent by stratified random method. Data were created by a researcher checklist using descriptive statistics and SPSS24.
Results: The most identified reasons for DAMA from the emergency room of the studied hospitals were educational (50%) and attitudinal-emotional (30%); and the least reasons were related to equipment, physical environment and amenities (12%) and Emergency procedures (7%).
Conclusion: DAMA can have many undesirable and sometimes irreversible consequences for them, such as death and infection. Planning for training medical students and scheduling the presence of residents and interns in the ED to prevent overcrowding in this department, as well as identifying factors affecting the patient's attitude and feelings, including explaining the treatment process, are recommended.


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