Alborz University

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Introduction: The development of medical research in recent decades has shown the need for the rule of moral values and the institutionalization of human principles in scientific-research centers. Existence of deviations and abuses in the research path has led to the establishment of ethical laws and close supervision. The purpose of this study is reviewing the factors affecting ethics in medical research.
Methods: Methods: The present study was conducted by the literature searching in Persian and English languages in the electronic databases including; Google scholars, SID, Magiran and PubMed, with 2006 to 2019 date limitation. The search keywords of "ethics", "medical sciences", "personal factors" and "environmental factors" were used for searching mentioned databases.
Results: The literature reviews indicated that the factors affecting the observance of research ethics have reported in two general axes of individual factors and environmental factors. The researcher's ignorance of the norms and rules of research ethics, convenience and rapid achievement of results, religious beliefs, researcher personality and attitude, researcher conscience, tendency to earn a degree, economic problems, time limitations, and  Being influenced by the environment and others are Internal factors that affected on the rate and regard of research ethics. External factors such as lack of time, financial and economic pressures, forcing students to submit scientific papers, Lack of cooperation between students and professors, worries about job finding in future or employment conditions losing, competitive atmosphere among students to Raise their resume, Professors' role and impact on students' behavior, and competitive atmosphere creating that affect research ethics.
Conclusion: According to the reviewed studies, the current state of research ethics is far from ideal. It is needed serious action and fundamental changes in supervisor and policy-making to bridge this gap.

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Abstract

Introduction: Ethics in research is one of the most widely used categories of professional ethics. Research ethics focuses on the objective and partial cases of observing ethics in research and tries to solve the ethical problems of scientific research. The present study intends to survey the rate of observance of research ethics in medical research and design a questionnaire of ethics.
Method: This is a descriptive survey research. The statistical population included all the 20998 faculty members of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education and the statistical sample was 378 people who were selected to participate in the study using the probability method. The data collection tool was a self- constructed questionnaire resulting from thematic qualitative content analysis. The exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used for data analyzing. Cronbach's alpha method was used to evaluate the reliability, and a statistical analysis of the results was done by SPSS and PLS software.
Results: The results of exploratory factor analysis showed seven factors equal to 60.170% of the variance. These factors were confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis by smart PLS software. The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained by Cronbach's alpha method equal to 0.915.
Conclusion: The final version of this 35 items questionnaire is approved by 7 factors (adherence to research ethics, consequences of research ethics, barriers to good behavior in research, institutionalization of ethics, individual principles, policy-making, and organizational ethics), and this valid and reliable tool can be used to measure the level of professional ethics in medical research.