Alborz University

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Background: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) lead to abnormalities in fetal central nervous system, till hippocampal and cortical cells became apoptotic. The goal of this research is investigating the effects of Gallic acid on improvement of cognitive impairments and nuclear factor kappa B (NFƙB) in animal model of IUGR.
Material and Methods: In this experimental study, 32 female rats from wistar race with weighing approximately 180±25g were divided into 4 groups of 7 .Control group: that did not receive any treatment . IUGR group: To induce IUGR of pregnant rats were under 50 % restricted diet from the 14^th day of pregnancy to childbirth. Experimental groups 1 and 2: pregnant rats subjected to a 50 % dietary restriction for induction IUGR from 14^th day of pregnancy to childbirth and from 12^th day of pregnancy to the birth of newborns, received 200 and 400 mg/kg gallic acid doses daily by gavage method. After the birth of pups, morphological evaluations were checked. Then, in 30 postnatal days working and passive avoidance tests and anxiety test were assessed. The serum level of NFƙB was analyzed by ELISA.
Results: The working memory and fear-based memory of IUGR rats was reduced significantly compared to the controls. In addition restricted diet leads to increase in NFƙB and anxiety levels. Gallic acid was ameliorated working and fear-based memories and reduced serum level of NFƙB and anxiety in treated rats.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that restricted diet during pregnancy can cause behavioral cognitive disorders in rats. This is likely due to increased levels of pro-apoptic cytokine such as NFƙB. The results also suggest that the neuroprotective effect of Gallic acid is likely to improve memory disorders in IUGR rat model.

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Background and aim: Diabetes affects the testicles by oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of N-acetylcysteine ​​on the number of spermatogenesis cells in diabetic rats.

Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 42 adult male Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups of 6. This study was carried out in two periods of 5 and 28 days. Thus, in the first period, the positive sham group and experimental groups received 1 ml streptozotocin solution in distilled water at 50 mg / kg for 5 days intraperitoneally. At the end of the sixth day, the blood glucose levels in rats reached 200 mg / dl. In the second period, control group without any injections, sham group received intraperitoneal injection of distilled water, positive control group without injection, negative sham group received 200 mg / kg of n-acetylcysteine ​​intraperitoneally for 28 days. Experimental group 1, 2 and 3, which included diabetic rats receiving 100, 200 and 400 mg / kg doses of N-acetylcysteine ​​intraperitoneally for 28 days, respectively. At the end of the experimental period, rats were under anesthetized anesthesia. The body weight of all animals was measured and the testicles were removed and examined after staining and staining by hematoxylin-eosin method.

Results: Mean body weight, spermatogonia, spermatocyte, spermatid and leydig showed a significant decrease in the positive sham group compared to the control group. The mean number of spermatogonium and leydig cells in all experimental groups showed a significant increase compared to the positive sham group. The mean number of spermatid cells in experimental groups 2 and 3 was significantly higher than the positive sham group. The mean number of spermatocyte cells in the experimental groups 3 was significantly higher than the positive sham group (P ≤ 0.05). Diabetes also led to pathological changes in the seminiferous tubes in diabetic rats. This is while different amounts of N-acetylcysteine have improved this in experimental groups.
Conclusion: The results showed that N-acetylcysteine protects the testicles against diabetes and improved the spermatogenesis process in streptozotocin induced diabetes.

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Introduction and aim: Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have neuroprotective effects on amelioration of cerebral ischemic injuries. This study was investigated the effects of sodium butyrate (SB) as a HDACi hippocampal cell damage and neuronal/dark neuronal density in a rat cerebral hypoxic ischemia (HI) model.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats (weight: 210±10 gr) were randomly divided into 4 groups; control, HI+NS, HI+SB150 and HI+SB300. To induce The HI model after complete occlusion of the left carotid artery, animals were placed in a hypoxic chamber (containing 7.6% oxygen) for one hour. Twenty-four hours after surgery, SB was injected intraperitoneally for one week at doses of 150 and 300 mg / kg body weight. Then, the hippocampus was histopathologically studied. Cell density and neuronal dark density in the CA1, CA2, CA3 and dentate gyrus subareas were assessed by stereological method.
Results: Cell damage with increased dark neurons was observed in the different subareas of hippocampus in HI+NS group compared with the control group (p˂0.05). However, treatment with SB dose-dependently reduced cell damage and increased neuronal density in all four different hippocampal subareas (p˂0.05).
Conclusion: SB with its neuroprotective effects suppresses hippocampal neuron damage and production of apoptotic neurons in the cerebral HI model.

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Background objective: This research paper aimed at to study the factors in relevance to the performance of screening behavior in per diabetes based on the stimulus model of preserve from the overweight and obese personnel of Karaj education administration.
Materials and methods: the research method of the study is descriptive-analytical one and the statistical community of survey, are including of overweight and obese personnel‌‌ of Karaj education administration of without diabetes. The sampling method is accessible one and350 individuals have been selected for gathering of data from the scholar-made inventory the analysis of data performed by exploitation from analytical and descriptive statistics (t-test of regression Modell).
Findings: the results indicating that 58.6% of samples (men) and 38.3% of them women have took part in the tests. and autonomous t-test is indicating‌‌ of meaningful disagreement among‌‌ the overage scores of apprehension sensitivity, fear ,prepones amount, and reward in two groups of‌‌ including of test and without test and three prediction variables statistically had the ability for Explanation of standard variable (apprehension sensitivity ,response mount, and reward.)The obtained level of significance for each of these variables were less than (p<0. 01) and the strongest construct of motivation theory of preservation for the prediction of possibility of screening of Pre-diabetes with the conduct of experiment of hemoglobin HbA1C has been the apprehension sensitivity.
Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be concluded that protection motivation theory is an appropriate framework for predicting diabetes screening behavior.