Alborz University

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Introduction: Identifying the strengths and weaknesses in clinical education is necessary for its improvement. To this end, students are the most important source for acquiring necessary information in this field. This study aimed to assess clinical education in the Alborz University of Medical Sciences from surgical technology and anesthesiology students’ Point of View in 2011 Methods: This research was a descriptive-sectional study performed at the Alborz University of Medical Sciences in 2011. Surgical technology and anesthesia students’ view about Clinical Education was evaluated. Assessment tool was a researcher made questionnaire with 35 items that was completed by students Data were analyzed through SPSS software and statistical methods. Results: The results indicated that from surgical technology students’ view, the optimal condition about clinical education was related to dealing with students. However, the field of educational program and goals was first-rated by anesthesia students. In summary, with average score of 74, medical condition was described as “suitable” by surgical technology students. Also, anesthesia students described the condition as “relatively suitable” by average score of 53. Conclusion: Because of surgical technology and anesthesiology students needs to acquire clinical skills along with theoretical training, providing suitable clinical environment seems to be critical to achieve essential in-depth experience in professional aspects.

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Background: The first step in developing human resources to improve the performance of universities is to indentify accurate educational needs. Models may draw on a number of theories to help understand a particular problem in a certain setting or context. Momasi model is an integrated of the existing models in educational needs assessment field which has sufficient comprehensiveness of data collection. the aim of this study was application of Momasi model in need assessment of faculty members in seven areas duties. Methods: This study is a cross- sectional study which was formed based on Momasi model between34 faculty members of Alborz university. Results: Different areas of educational needs were respectively prioritized as: personal development, research, administrative and executive activities, education, health services and health promotion, and specialized activities outside the university. The most mean and standard deviation belong to area of research, The first priority in the area of research was the publications in English, in personal development area: familiarity with SPSS software ,and the area of education it was creativity nurture. Conclusion: Based on assessment results, research area in this needs assessment study has the most important priority and frequency. Therefore it is recommended that data gathered in research area section put in first priority for empowering for faculty members Of Alborz University.

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Background: Body builder athletes’ high attention to form of body can result in high prevalence of nutritional disorders and habit to energizer drugs consumption. With notice to abuse problems of these drugs, this research was carried out to estimate prevalence of energizer drugs and supplements consumption in Karaj body builder men in 2011. Method: In cross-sectional (description- analytical) research 780 Karaj body builder men were selected randomly. Data were collected through interview with questionnaires containing demographic questions and using information of drugs. Data were analyzed with SPSS software (Ver. 19) and κ² test with meaningful level of P<0.05. Result: Prevalence of consumption in studied sample from different types of supplements and energizer drugs was estimated 88.2%. The most consumption prevalence belonged to food supplements and vitamins group and combination of those (69.9%). About anabolic and energizer compounds and also hormonal drugs and corticosteroids, prevalence was 5.6% and 2.1% respectively and 7.7% totally. There was meaningful relation between experience times of abuse problems, place of drug and supplement supply and attention to being permissible or impermissible of those items with type of drugs or supplement (P = 0.001). Also relation between consumption of supplements and drugs with main goal in using them was meaningful (P = 0.045). Conclusion: Consumption of supplement and energizer drugs in Karaj body builder men has high prevalence.

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Background & Aims: Quality of life is a concept beyond the physical health. It is an important index in health research that its independent quantification as an important outcome is essential. Work environment consists of physical, mental and social stimuli and each of these factors can cause stress. These stresses and pressures have inappropriate effects on physical–emotional welfare, health and its function. Therefore, this study was performed on the Faculty of Medicine of Karaj staffs in 1390 to investigate their quality of life and the governing factors. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive and sectional study, a group of 100 of Faculty of Medicine and of Alborz University of Medical Sciences employees were participated. Sampling was done as census. Data collection was performed by means of the questionnaire of standard of quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) and the questionnaire of demographic information collected. Results: The results show that 51 percent of the employees have reported their quality of life in the average range and 6% in poor range. Furthermore, in the physical aspect of quality of life, 34% of the results are good, 59% moderate and the remaining 7% are poor. Likewise, in the quality of life from psychological aspect, 33% of the results are good, 64 percent moderate, and only 3% are poor. The data for the social relationships aspect are 28% good, 59% moderate, and 13% poor. Finally, in the quality of life from environmental health aspect, 36% of the staffs reported good, 55% moderate, and 9% poor condition. Pearson’s test results show that there is a meaningful correlation between the quality of life and the lower number of children, and also increasing years of service (P=0.00). However, the quality of life does not show any significant relationship with age and income. ANOVA test results indicate that there is a significant relationship between quality of life and the type of employment (P=0.017). Conclusion: Quality of life for the majority of the staffs is average and the factors such as number of children, years of service and earnings type of employment is affected on quality of life.

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Background: Exam anxiety and reduce of that, is one of the problems of educational systems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aromatherapy on level of exam anxiety among nursing students in Alborz University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This is a triple blind clinical trial on 91 nursing students of Alborz University of Medical Sciences which have been sampled simply and randomized divided into group A and group B. Vital signs and Spielberg state–trait anxiety inventory were measured and recorded at baseline and 5 minutes after intervention and after exam .Then, the students were asked to place the bottle of aroma (lavender or sterile water) at a distance of 5 cm of nose and inhale for 10 minutes. Half of students were exposed to bottles that fulfilled by 5 drops of lavender essential oil and half of them were exposed to bottles that fulfilled by 5 drops of sterile water that labeled as A or B and was blind for subjects, researchers and analyzer. After analysis, content of each bottle was disclosed. Results: The results showed that there were meaningful difference between average exam anxiety, pulse and systolic blood pressure along the time (P=0.000, 0.023, 0.009). Conclusion: These results showed that although aromatherapy has been not meaningful statistical effective but can reduce the exam anxiety in nursing student along the time.

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Background and Purpose: Social media has important role in educational programs. This study aimed to psychometric of the attitudes towards social media learning scale.

Methods: This psychometric study included 119 participants from medical schools around Iran. The initial instrument was adopted from previous studies and had eight questions based on the Likert scale. The instrument verification procedure included examining the impact factor, the content validity index (CVI) and the content validity ratio (CVR) based on the judgment of 10 experts. Its internal validity was examined by an exploratory factor analysis. The internal reliability of the scale was determined by the Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient and the external consistency was assessed by using the test-retest method.

Results: In the initial scale, all of the 8 items were kept with an impact item index of over 1/5, the CVR over 0.62, and CVI of over 0.7. Based on exploratory factor analysis, all of the 8 items were maintained in the scale. Considering a minimum eigenvalue of 1 for each factor, the following three factors: communications in learning, reflective learning, and interactive learning were extracted. This instrument was capable of predicting 69.416% of the changes of the whole scale.

Conclusion: The results of this study indicated the strength of the factor structure and reliability of the instrument for measuring attitudes toward learning via social media. The results of study can assess students’ attitudes in this regard in universities and other educational institutes.

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Background: Adolescence is an inevitable stage of mankind development that has paid attention because of its special sensation. Adolescence is an appropriate time to forming Identity (sense and concept of himself) that mix the individual's history and necessary capabilities for psychological health in adulthood. One of the serious dangers in this stage is adolescence tendency to the drug and substance abuse, and is one of the most prevalent disorders in youth and adolescence stage. The objective of this research is the survey on the relation between Identity styles and tendency to substance abuse among male medical university students.

Methods & Materials: This research is a sectional- type correlation study that has operated on the 339 persons of male, students that were educate in Alborz University of medical science. two standardized identification styles (ISI=G6) and questionnaire of recognizing risk exposed people, has used. Data collection operated by researcher in a stage and then data analyzed by using descriptive statistics (absolute and relative frequency and standard deviation) and inference statistics (χ2 test, regression) in SPSS 18 edition.

Results: The results that obtained from analyzing data show that 35.8 percent of students have informational Identity style, and 27.4 percent have normative style and 36.8 percent have Diffuse/ avoidant style. 47.3% of students have tendency toward substance abuse And also χ² test show that there is a significant relation between tendency to substance abuse and positive addiction history in family

Conclusion: There is a significant relation between Identity styles and tendency to substance abuse (P=0.001).

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Background: The use of public places such as swimming pools and saunas, including ways of transmission of cutaneous fungal infections in humans. SO, Study the causes of opportunistic and pathogen fungi can be very useful in these areas to eliminate the contamination or reduce it and thus possible infection is prevent. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the fungal Contamination of Hamedan indoor Swimming Pools in 2016.

Methods: In this study, 3 indoor swimming pools of Hamedan, during 9 months 2016 in terms of fungal contamination were studied. To determine fungal contamination(saprophyte and dermatophyte) of the sample, Sampling of water in test tubes in a sterile screw and samples from different environmental surfaces in each pool (shower, dressing room surface, the chair and sit in the sauna, bath, platforms, around the pool) sterile carpet collection method was used. The samples separately on the specific media (Mycosyle Agar and SDA were inoculated and cultured using standard methods.

Results: Results of the present study showed that from all the 720 cultivated samples, 513sampleswere positive for one or more fungal contamination including 288 mould saprophyte 56.14%), 216 yeast saprophyte (42.1%) and 9 dermatophyte pathogenic fungi (1/75%).

Conclusion: The results of this study show that although most of fungal contamination were Saprophytic and few were dermatophyte, but the low number of fungal infections in dealing with host, High risk of developing asthma and allergic diseases are dangerous.

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Background and Aims: Marital satisfaction, one of the most important determinants of healthy family functioning. Therefore dealing with components that can be useful is very important. Spiritual health is one of them. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between spiritual health and marital satisfaction.

Method: The research was cross-sectional and correlational study, 122 married women referred to health centers in Karaj using a convenience sampling participated in the study. Enrich marital satisfaction questionnaire and Palutzian Ellison spiritual health questionnaire were used. To analyze the data was used SPSS version 16. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, regression, t-test and ANOVA was used to achieve the goals and answer research questions.

Results: The results showed there were significant correlation between marital satisfaction and spiritual well being in married women ( (P<0/001). The results showed that the mean score of spiritual well-being was moderate (14 ± 99) and the mean score of marital satisfaction was also moderate (29 ± 164). There was a significant relationship between mean score of satisfaction and age, age of husband, husband's and wife's education, (p <0.05).

Conclusion: According to the results of this study to improve the quality of life of women and men and marital satisfaction, spiritual health should be considered.

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Background and Aims: According to the importance of marital satisfaction in family functioning as a system that is directly reflected in the functioning of family members, it is important that we understand the factors in predicting and enhancing sexual satisfaction. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between general health and marital satisfaction.
Method: The research was cross-sectional and correlational study, 122 married women referred to health centers in Karaj using a convenience sampling participated in the study. Enrich marital satisfaction questionnaire and general health questionnaire were used. To analyze the data was used SPSS version 16.
Results: The results showed there is a significant correlation between marital satisfaction and general health in married women (p<0.001).
There is a significant relationship between the mean score of marital satisfaction and age, age of husband, husband's and wife's education, (p <0.05).
Conclusion: According to the important role of marital satisfaction on the strong foundation of the family and its relationship to public health, Health professionals should apply solutions to enhance the general health of married women.

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Introduction: Acute eosinophilic appendicitis (AEA) is a rare disease with unknown pathophysiology.
Case Report: A 42-years old woman with acute abdominal pain referred to emergency department. Appendicitis confirmed after laboratory tests and sonography. She had a history of allergic reaction 45 days ago while tongue and throat were swollen. In alb test WBC was 7700 with PMN 60%, eosinophils 12% and Lymphocytes  28%.
Conclusion: Considering hypersensitivity in physical exam is a suitable way to determine and treatment and preventing of consequent gastro-intestinal complications.

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Background: In recent years, due to the remarkable advances in medical science and the long-term livelihood of patients, a new concept of death has become important. These advances have changed the concept of death for people, doctors and nurses. The suffering of patients, on the one hand, and the heavy cost of treatment imposed upon patients or families, on the other hand, raise the issue of euthanasia. The purpose of this study was to determine the attitudes of nurses and patients towards euthanasia.
Methodology: This study was descriptive-analytic in the second half of 1394 and to compare and compare the attitude of nurses and patients in relation to the euthanasia. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive and inferential statistical methods.
Results: The mean score of nurses' attitudes toward euthanasia was 54.89. So that 146 nurses had attitude score less than 60. Therefore, most nurses had a negative attitude toward euthanasia and did not agree with it. Also, in the group of patients, the mean score of attitude is 56.49, so that 131 patients had an attitude score of less than 60, which indicates that the group is opposed to euthanasia.
Conclusion: Comparison of scores in the patients' and nurses' groups suggests that the nurses' group is opposed to the category of euthanasia.

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Background & Aims: Work motivation is a key to emerge and enhance the nurse’s satisfaction and their work performance. Accordingly, the factors that affect the work motivation among nurses became essential instruments to modify and shape the work behaviors of the nurses and its consequences. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship quality of working life and emotional intelligence with work motivation of female nurses.
Materials & Methods: In this descriptive–correlational study, the statistical population was all 2000 female nurses of karaj state hospitals in the year 2018.Out of this population, 322 subjects were selected via cluster sampling method, and were evaluated via Work motivation by Hackman and Oldham (1976), emotional intelligence by Sibrea Shering (1996) and work life quality by Walton (1973) questionnaires. For statistical analysis of data the descriptive and inferential statistics methods such as Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multivariate regression were used.
Results: The results of the analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between work life quality and emotional intelligence with female nurses’ work motivation (p<0.001).
Conclusion: considering the positive and significant relationship between quality of work life and Emotional intelligence with work motivation of female nurses, it is necessary consider their Emotional intelligence in the process of recruiting and they are taking measures to train Emotional intelligence. Also managers develop and implement programs to improve the quality of work life of nurses in order to increase their work motivation.
 

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Background and purpose: Rodents are the reservoir of many zoonotic diseases, including some helminth infection. The necessity to identify rodents and parasites which are transmitted through in different geographical areas of Iran and control and prevention measures can be very important from a health point of view.
Materials& method: In this study 40 rodents were caught from different parts of Alborz province from autumn 2018 to autumn 2020. Internal organs and viscera of mice erer examined after dissection using direct parasitological methods and parasites isolated from each rodent were identified in terms of genus and species.
Results: Of the 40 rodents killed, 57.5% were infected with parasitic helminth. Detected worm species include Hymenolepis diminuta (17.5%), Hymenolepis nana feraterna(7.5%), Syphacia obvelata(7.5%), Syphacia muris(2.5%), Aspicularis tetraptera(7.5%), Trichuris muris(15%), Cysticercus fasciolaris(Taenia taeniae formis Larva Stag)(2.5%), Trichosomoides crassicauda(2.5%).
Conclusion: The results indicate the infection of rodent in Alborz province with different types of worms. Isolation of some zoonotic worm parasites from rodents in urban and rural communities reminds the neceeity of more attention for control and prevention measures as the most important action to prevent spread of parasitic disese in province.
 

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Introduction: One of the evaluation methods is based on the performance of objective structured clinical examination. Passing this exam is necessary for medical students to graduate, practice medicine and participate in a specialized course. This study is designed to analyze the quality of these tests using psychometric indicators.

Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, the test of three periods of clinical competence, respectively, were analyzed. Average (standard deviation), the cut-off score was (by borderline regression method), rejection rate, R2 determination coefficient, root mean square error to estimate the the cut-off score, difficulty coefficient, neatness coefficient were calculated in individual stations and the whole test.

Findings: 64 medical students along with 26 expert examiners from each station were present in this exam. According to the cut-off score in the 31st exam, all students got a passing grade and we did not fail. The total RMSE was equal to 0.55 and the value of R₂ in different stations was obtained from 0.46 to 0.85. The hardest and easiest stations based on the difficulty coefficient were gynecology, social medicine and orthopedics respectively. In the 32nd exam, the rejection rate was one person (0.23%). The total RMSE was 0.57 and the value of R₂ in different stations was obtained from 0.38 to 0.87. The most difficult and the easiest stations based on the difficulty coefficient were radilogy, emergency medicine and surgery respectively. In the 33rd exam, all students got a passing grade. Total RMSE was equal to 0.76 and R₂ value was obtained in different stations from 0.39 to 0.95. The most difficult and easiest stations based on the difficulty coefficient were internal glands and surgery respectively.

Conclusion: To improve the quality of the OSCE exam, measuring its quality is vital. The use of several psychometric indicators can be an important step in determining the quality of the test. The results obtained during the three test periods indicate that the quality of the test is acceptable in most of the stations and some cases need to be reviewed and improved.

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Introduction and goal: With the aging of the population, hip fracture in the elderly has become a growing medical and social concern. Whether early surgery is beneficial in such patients is a long-standing debate and a constant clinical concern in the management of patients with hip fracture. Is What seeming necessary is to review the guidelines on how to deal with such patients in different health care systems. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating factors affecting the delay in surgery and the increase in one-month mortality of patients with proximal femur fractures in patients referred to Shahid Madani Alborz Hospital during 2020-2021.

materials and methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 126 patients in Shahid Madani Hospital in Karaj city during the years 2013-1400. Patients were divided into six groups according to the time taken until surgery (less than 24 hours to more than 120 hours). After that, the death and its cause in one month after the surgery were investigated by phone calls and examination of patients' files in the clinic. Data were collected using pre-designed forms and information recorded in patients' files, as well as using the same device and operator for each patient.

findings: Among the 126 patients included in the study, 103 (81.74) were women and 13 (18.26) were men. 4 patients (2.5%) underwent urgent surgery. 17 patients (13.8%) underwent surgery within 24 hours after admission and 82 patients (64.9%) underwent surgery more than 48 hours after admission. The results showed that the mortality rate increases significantly with a delay of more than 120 hours. Lack of available operating room for planned surgery (60.3%) was the most common cause of surgical delay. Older age, dementia, and the need for assistance with activities of daily living before the fracture were also associated with higher rates of medical complications.

Conclusion: In summary, our study showed that very long delays increase the patient's stay in the hospital and thus may increase the risk of mortality and some medical complications.

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