Showing 51 results for Ai
A. Bahrainian, K. Haji Alizadeh, Gh. Taheri, M. Hashemi Georgi,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (1-2012)
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the impact of life skills training on emotional intelligence soldiers Taybad city has been done. The study of all the soldiers Taybad city and 88 samples from these soldiers that systematic random sampling method chosen And at the two control groups and control are handled, makes up. Emotional intelligence measurement tool Bar -On and Data methods Descriptive statistics and t test were analyzed. The data show that life skills training on emotional intelligence is influenced experimental group, so life skills training to increase the ability for people to cope with life issues and relationships with others is useful and effective.
M. Aryaie, R. Dokoohaki, A. Rezaeian Mehrabadi, F. Bakhsha,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (3-2012)
Abstract
Background/Objective: Poisoning is One common cause of referred cases , especially in the adolescent and young group to hospital emergency department. This study was designed to determine Epidemiologic of poisoning in teaching hospitals, shiraz in 1387 Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that 266 sample via random sampling with 95% confidence interval and α 0.05 were considered. Results: There were 47% female and 53% male. 67.2 percent of poisoned patient were single and 32.8% were married. This study showed, highest rate of poisoning was between the age of 20-35 years. Most common season of poisoning was in spring. Overall mortality of our study was 1.6 percent. Conclusions: Regional epidemiological information, make rational use of resources in order to prevention and control of poisoning and with using analysis of effective factors will be reduced poisoning by policymakers and planners.
1 M. Goudarzvand, 2 S. Choopani, 3 N. Naghdi, 4 Z. Khodaii,
Volume 1, Issue 3 (6-2012)
Abstract
Background: The hippocampus as part of the limbic system has a major role in the formation of several types of memory including spatial memory. Cognitive and memory impairment have been reported in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) by several studies and vitamins have antioxidant role for neuro-regeneration. The present study investigates the effects of combined administration of vitamins E and D3 on spatial learning and memory in the demyelinated hippocampus of rat following administration of ethidium bromide.
Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats were anesthetized with intraperitoneal injection of chlorate hydrate. The animal head was fixed in a stereotaxic apparatus and 3 microliter of ethidium bromide was injected into the dentate gyrus of hippocampus for 7 days. Behavioral tests after intra-peritoneal administration of vitamin E (mg/kg100) and D3 (μg/kg5) were carried out. Animals were subjected to 5 days of training in the Morris water maze 4 days with the invisible platform to test spatial learning and the 5th day with the visible platform to test sensory-motor coordination.
Results: The results showed that co-administration of vitamins E and D3 significantly decreased the total traveled distance to the platform compared to the lesion group. However, the indexes of escape latency and swimming speed did not decrease significantly.
Conclusion: The co-administration of vitamins E and D3 slightly enhanced spatial learning and memory impairment probably through its neuro-protective effect in the hypocampus.
1 F. Bastani, 2 N. Rajai, 3 E. Amini, 4 H. Haghani, 5 S. Janmohammadi,
Volume 2, Issue 1 (1-2013)
Abstract
Introduction: The correct development of sleep and wake immature states of premature infant has important role in maturation of brain but often, healthcare personnel neglect from this dimension of development and there are limited data about sleep and wake states of premature infant hospitalized in NICU. The aim of this study was to assessing the states of sleep and wake of premature infant and its relation with demographic variables. Materials & Methods:. In a descriptive-analytical study, 70 premature infant hospitalized in NICU constantly were selected based on the needed criteria. The sleep and wake state of infants were recorded with use of behavioral sleep and wake scale of Als. Scale validity was performed using its content analysis, translation, and reliability by Pearson coefficient. Results: The results showed that infants in sleep state had maximum rate of light sleep 3.65±3.27 and minimum rate of deep sleep 0.24±1.05 and in wake state had maximum rate of active awake 1.90±2.09 and minimum rate of quietly awake 0.18±0.68. Also Infants had states with stress 7.75±1.96 more than states without stress 3.65±3.27. Regression analysis showed no significant relation between gestational age and weight of infants with deep sleep and quietly awake. Conclusion: In this study premature infant were mostly in undesirable states of sleep and wake that this may lead to growing and developmental disorders of brain.
1 F. Bakhsha, 2 M. Rezaeyan, 3 M. Aryaie, 4 S.y. Jafari, 5 M. Alehevaze,
Volume 2, Issue 4 (10-2013)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Students are under pressure and stress because of their status in the society. So the university’s student counseling agent is offering consultative services in order to help and guide the students in solving problems and improve their compatibility. The objective of the current study was to investigate the student’s referral proof to the Golestan university of medical sciences’counseling agent. Materials and Methods: In this cross- sectional study conducted in 2008-2009,On, via census sampling, 345 students of various fields, who referred to the counseling agent. Gathering data’s methods were based on questionnaire that is designed based on Health Ministry’s counseling agent’s goals. Data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software and descriptive statistics and chi square test and ANOVA with significance level of 0.05. Results: Referred student’s reference’s abundance to the counseling agent in the years 2008-2009 showed that from the whole 345 referred people the highest number of referrals by order were: 154 people (44.6%) because of mental problems, 66 people (19.1%) because of marriage problems, 45 people (13%) because of educating problems, 39 people (11.3%) because of communicating problems, 29 people(8.4%) because of suicide problems and 12 people (3.5%) were because of other factors. Conclusion: This article’s results are showing mental, emotional, educating, behaving, cognitive and family problems and also the student’s marriage’s problems. Cognition, diagnosis, adjustment and early removal of failures, abnormalities and possible disorders confirm mental caring systems expanding importance and supportive cures.
1 M.r. Samarghandi, 2 S.m. Tabatabai, 3 M. Noori Sepehr, 4 E. Mohammadi Kalhori, 5 M. Zarrabi,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (12-2013)
Abstract
Background & Aims: Nitrate is the oxidation state of nitrogen compounds, which is founded in water resources that contaminated by municipal, industrial and agricultural waste water. If nitrate leek in to ground water resources, it can cause health problems. Material and Methods: Removal of nitrate from ground water by iron powder in the presence of H2O2 was investigated. Experiments have been done by use of 250 ml of water samples containing 100 mg/L nitrate in various condition. Various parameters such as pH (3, 5, 7, 9), iron dosage (10, 15, 20, 30 g/L), initial H2O2 concentration (5, 10, 15, 20 ml/L) and contact time (10-120 min). Results: Obtained results shows the removal of nitrate was increased by pH reduction, increment of iron mass and contact time. In addition, nitrate reduction was increased by increment of initial H2O2 concentration up to 15 ml/L. High removal was observed at pH=3, iron mass=30 g/L, contact time equal 120 min and H2O2 concentration=15 ml/L. At above condition, upon 98% of nitrate was removed. Conclusion: In summary, this method is simple, low cost and effective for removal of nitrate from ground water and industrial activity.
S. Khoshkesht, T. Bahrami Babahaidari, M. Shiri, M. Aghabarari, M. Hajfiroozabadi, H.r. Jalili, S. Amiri, M. Rahimzadeh Kivi,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (4-2015)
Abstract
Background: Exam anxiety and reduce of that, is one of the problems of educational systems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aromatherapy on level of exam anxiety among nursing students in Alborz University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This is a triple blind clinical trial on 91 nursing students of Alborz University of Medical Sciences which have been sampled simply and randomized divided into group A and group B. Vital signs and Spielberg state–trait anxiety inventory were measured and recorded at baseline and 5 minutes after intervention and after exam .Then, the students were asked to place the bottle of aroma (lavender or sterile water) at a distance of 5 cm of nose and inhale for 10 minutes. Half of students were exposed to bottles that fulfilled by 5 drops of lavender essential oil and half of them were exposed to bottles that fulfilled by 5 drops of sterile water that labeled as A or B and was blind for subjects, researchers and analyzer. After analysis, content of each bottle was disclosed. Results: The results showed that there were meaningful difference between average exam anxiety, pulse and systolic blood pressure along the time (P=0.000, 0.023, 0.009). Conclusion: These results showed that although aromatherapy has been not meaningful statistical effective but can reduce the exam anxiety in nursing student along the time.
A. Emamgholi, Gh. Kaka, M. Sadri, Gh. Herfehdost, S. Najafi, S.h. Sadraie,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (4-2015)
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Various methods for repairing defects and injuries such as wounds and cuts on the body have long been used. Biocompatible material into the body for the purposes of applying the Chitosan and gelatin are among them. On the other hand, recently the use and application of special cells in the bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) to produce a wide variety of growth factors and tropic factors in the healing and restoration of great concern was. Methods: In this study, a thin film of polymer solution (Ch-G) of mixture casting method, cells with BMSCs were obtained. For this purpose, cells were passage BMSCs after four steps, the thin membrane (Ch-G) were cultured. Adhesion of the BMSCs cells by inverted microscopy, the purity and the stem was examined by immunocytochemistry after the sixth day. Results: Demonstrate that the proper proliferation and apoptosis of cells during this period was low on the membrane. The results showed no significant difference between the cells on thin membranes (Ch-G) compared with the control group. Conclusion: Considering that BMSCs can easily be on thin-film cells (Ch-G), growth and reproduction are good, so it can cover the cell membrane as a dressing Adhesive Bandage to repair some defects, wounds used and bone fractures.
M. Koopaie, N. Rafiyan Koopaie, K. Salehi,
Volume 4, Issue 4 (11-2015)
Abstract
Bullosa Haemorrhagica (ABH) is a rare oral blood blisters disorder. This recurrent disorder is restricted to oral mucosa and its difference with other oral vesiculobullos disorders is that blood vesicles are formed after minor trauma and in the absence of any blood dyscrasia, vesiculobullos disease and systemic disorder. This blood blisters are without pain, with color of dark red and full of bloods that rapidly enlarge and rapidly burst. The incidence of Angina Bullosa Haemorrhagica is unknown. Diagnosis of this disorder and differentiation from vesiculobullos disease like pemphigus and pemphiguid is important for patient's health. In this report we introduce a 55 years old woman with a 4years history of oral blood blisters. These vesicles were in lateral border and ventral surface of tongue and on the ferenum. In medical history the patient had churg strauss syndrome and using inhalation corticosteroid for control of asthmatic attacks (An etiologic factor for appearing or aggravation of the disease).
N. Rajai, F. Teymouri, A. Sajadi, A. Zareiyan, M. Seyedmazhari,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (7-2016)
Abstract
Introduction: Anxiety and stress are common problems before coronary artery bypass graft surgery has a destructive effect on the patient's condition. One of the medications therapies that are effective in reducing anxiety level is Aromatherapy. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of inhalation aromatherapy on physiological and psychological parameters of patients who are candidate for coronary artery bypass graft.
Method: In this pilot study, 30 patients candidate of coronary artery bypass graft were selected by convenient sampling method. For intervention on the morning of the surgery, patients inhaled Lavender essential oil from a distance of 5 cm of the nose, for 20 minutes. Physiological and psychological parameters of patients the day before surgery and then 5 and 30 minutes after intervention was estimated by Form vital signs and DASS questionnaire. Data were analyzed in three phases using Descriptive Statistics and repeated measures ANOVA by SPSS.17.
Results: 20% of patients were female, 80% male with an average age of 65/36±8/05. The results show a significant difference between the three time phases in variable of the pulse (P = 0/041), respiration (P = 0/040) and stress (P=0.046).
Discussion: Aromatherapy can be an effective way to reduce stress levels and pulse in patients candidate for coronary artery bypass graft. Since this results study obtained from a pilot study, to Generalize the results, clinical trials with larger sample size is recommended.
M. Mehrabani Natanzi, M. Kamalinejad, Z. Khodaii, J. Kamali, S.a. Hashemi, M.h. Dehghan,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (12-2016)
Abstract
Introduction: Wound healing is one of the most complicated biological events after birth that causes dead tissue replace with new one. Any defect in wound healing, can lead to chronic skin disorders causing severe loss of quality of life and even death. So far, a drug that could effectively promote and advance the natural process of wound healing in the body, has not been introduced. Treatment of wounds and burns, is still one major issue, even in developed countries. Due to importance and value of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on wound healing, and the presence of these activities in some medicinal plants, in this study, the healing effects of aqueous extract of Rhus coriaria fruit, was examined.
Materials and Methods: After creating a full-thickness skin wound on the back of 45 male Sprague-Dawley rats, they were randomly divided into three groups: treatment, control or positive control. After 24 hours, the treatment group received 0.5 gram of the fruit extract, the positive control group treated with 2%mupirocin ointment and the control group received no treatment. Wound healing rates were calculated on days 0, 3, 5, 8, 10, 12 and 15 post-wounding and the wound tissues were harvested at 5, 10, and 15 days for histological and biochemical analysis. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was used to determine the anti-oxidant and anti- inflamatory activity of the pklant extract. The results were statistically analysed using SPSS software.
Results: The percentage of the wound contraction was significantly increased in days 10, 12 and 15 in the treated group compared to the control group(P<0.01). A significant increase in the assigned histological scores was observed at days 10 and 15 in the treated group compared to the control group (P<0.005 and P<0.05 respectively). This extract significantly decreased the MPO activity 10 days after treatment (P<0.05).
Conclusion: These data provide evidence that Rhus coriaria extract accelerates cutaneous wound healing and its effect may be due to the increased re-epithelialization, collagen deposition and decreased MPO activity and oxidative damage in wound and so it can be used as a therapeutic agent for wound healing.
M. Mehrabani Natanzi, M. Kamalinejad, J. Kamali, S. Parvari, Z. Khodaii,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (5-2017)
Abstract
Introduction: Today about 27.4 percent of female 15-44 years and 1 percent of female in fertility age are affected by infertility. Iodine is a rare element that is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Concentration of the thyroid hormones in blood under the influence of iodine intake and changes in thyroid hormones levels interact with reproductive system. Today, all the people of Iran consuming iodized salt regardless of iodine status in their body. In this study according to high prevalence of the infertility among young couples, iodized salt intake on fertility in male rats were investigated.
Materials and Methods: In this study 20 male and 20 female adult Wistar rats were used. Twenty male adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 groups. Including the control group and treatment group that received iodine and female adult Wistar were fed with a regular diet. Five male rats from each group were killed at the end of the fourth weeks in order to evaluate the possible effect of iodized salt on sperm analysis and weight of testis. After a month, male and female rats were placed in pairs in separate cages and their offspring were investigated in terms of number, gender and health.
Results: The result of this study showed that the number of healthy offspring of treated male rats was significantly lower than the control group.
Conclusion: Due to the negative effect of excessive iodine intake on fertility rate, it is recommended to couples to perform functional tests of their thyroid glands before intake of iodized salts.
Mojgan Neinavaie, Sedigheh Nasrollahi, Soheila Moghimi Hanjani,
Volume 7, Issue 0 (7:supplement 2018)
Abstract
Background: In 2010, the world's maternal mortality compared to 2000, forty-seven percent drop. Nevertheless the rate of maternal mortality in developing countries is still 15 times more than developed countries. Midwifery and maternity health care interventions can reduce infant and maternal mortality.
The aim of this study is to investigate the midwifery and maternal health management services in a developed country in Asia to extract the japans' midwifery services management factors.
Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive study. Country studied, is developed and successful country in the field of midwifery services, Japan. Management aspects of midwifery services in this study include: human resources, government policies- regulations and support, financial resources and midwifery service package and using research cards have been collected from reliable- available sources.
Results: Several factors in the Japan midwifery and maternal health services management were determined including midwifery education new training techniques, staff proper distribution, Regulations and support policies developed by the government, uniform and universal health insurance, Participation of the Regions in services provision, home visits and delivery, equal health education and registration manual, maternal education, wives participation and encourage natural childbirth.
Conclusion: paying more attention to training, support and regional services provision in the midwifery services management, can have a positive impact on improving the midwifery and maternal health services quality in Iran.
Mohsen Rezaiee Ahvanuiee, Moslem Abbasi, Shahriar Dargahi,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (5-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Due to the great importance that the nurses health and job engagement have in the health of their, colleagues and patients, this study Aim was investigated the role of work-family conflict and job stress in the prediction of job engagement of GACHSARAN city nurses.
Methods: The design of this study is descriptive and correlation crosses sectional design. The study population were included all male and female nurses working in hospitals and clinics in the GACHSARAN city. To select a sample of cluster sampling method was used that a total 100 nurses were selected. To collect information from the Carlson, Kakmar and Williams work - family conflict, questionnaire (2000), work engagement questionnaire and French et al nursing stress scale revised (2000) was used.
Results: The results showed that there is a significant negative correlation between job stress with Job engagement, enthusiasm and charisma at work (p<0.01) and dedicated to the task (p<0.05). Also, there is a significant negative correlation between the work-family conflict with Job engagement and all its dimensions (p<0.01). In addition, this study showed that the Predictor variables the job stress and work-family conflict are able to account for 29.4 percent of the nurses job engagement.
Conclusion: In general, considering that the interaction between family and work issues and job stress is predictors of job engagement of nurses, with education about managing and improving the nurse’s quality of their marital and family life and with training the stress management can be to improve their job engagement.
Mahdi Goudarzvand, Zahra Ataie,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (8-2018)
Abstract
Progressive development of nanotechnology during the last decades and its increasing involvement in new fields represents its great importance in science and technology. One of its major parts is nanomedicine that is focused in this review. First general principles of medicinal nanotechnology, its history, application and classification are explained. Then Abraxane (a protein conjugated nano drug) design will be addressed. Liposomes as one of the best nano drug delivery systems with a platform for passive targeting are discussed next. Two examples of approved liposomal nanomedicines are described from the state-of-the-art design emphasizing physiologic barriers and formulation strategies to overcome these imposed limitations. Passive targeting to tumors is provided by "Enhanced Permeation and Retention" effect (EPR). Liposomes can be removed from circulation by the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) clearance in no time. This effect is also used to passively target liposomes in MPS to treat localized infections for example. Pegylation of liposomes which means attachment of polyethylene glycol chains to the surface of liposomes is one of the methods used to enhance liposome residence time in blood circulation in order to give the vesicles more chance to accumulate at the target site by EPR effect.
Liposomal medicines have shown significant decrease in toxicity in comparison with free drugs. Their accumulation in target tissue by passive targeting is the main reason for reduction in drug toxicity.
Liposomes are being used for treating different diseases such as infection, hepatitis, cardiovascular diseases and immune system disorders. However, the vast majority of investigational liposomes are anticancer drugs.
Mahshid Saffarpur, Yasaman Tahmasebi Namin, Amir Hossein Shaikaba Mehr,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (1-2019)
Abstract
Objective: Light-cured composites and restorative materials are widely used in dentistry. The success of restoration largely depends on the effectiveness of the curing light, including the duration of irradiation and wavelength. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of curing light devices routinely used in dental offices of Karaj in 2016.
Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 120 QTH and LED curing light devices used in Karaj dental offices were randomly evaluated. A standard questionnaire was used to collect the variables of the device type, age, and brand, number of repairs, reasons for repair, time of last repair, number of bulb replacements, time of last bulb replacement, device being fitted with a measure severity, duration of irradiation for each composite layer, frequency of using the equipment in a day, sterilization method, light intensity, and number of office days in a week. Data were analyzed with SPSS using Spearman correlation coefficient, independent t test, and chi-square at a level of 0.05%.
Results: The results showed that the light intensity of all devices was above 200 mw/cm2. The light intensity of 11.1% of QTH devices was unfavorable while the light intensity of all LED devices was favorable. The results showed a significant correlation between brand and light intensity, between the number of bulb replacement and device type, between the number of bulb replacements and light intensity, between the number of bulb replacements and clinical age of the device, and between the number of repairs and the device type (P≤0.05). There was no significant relationship between the device type and repair reason. The results also showed an indirect relationship between the clinical age of the device and light intensity. A significant difference was found in light intensity between QTH and LED devices.
Conclusion: The light intensity of 11.1% of QTH devices was unfavorable, and the main reason for repair was tip breakage. Light intensity decreased with an increase in the clinical age of the device; therefore, regular quality control and timely bulb replacement are of great importance.
Marzie Fatemi Abhari, Maysam Musai,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (5-2019)
Abstract
In this study we answer this main question: what extent genetic and environmental factors affect children obesity?
Research methodology in this article is a survey method. For data collection, 384 children between 6-12 years old have been randomly selected from girl’s and boy’s primary schools in Qom city. Descriptive and inferential statistics are used for analysis.
Findings show that 19% of children under study are overweight and 13.2% are obese and remaining has normal weight.
Overweight and obesity is observed more in boys than girls, also this study shows that there is a significant relationship between genders, physical activity, fast food consumption, sleep debt, parental BMI and rate of the prevalence of childhood obesity, but there is not a significant relationship between age, family income and mother education level.
So some effective factors that can be controlled must be considered like food type, physical activity and quality and quantity of children’s sleep and necessary actions must be taken under planning two main factors.
Emrah Tajoddini, Firouzeh Sepehrianazar, Esmail Soleymani,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (5-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: multiple sclerosis is a degenerative disease of central nervous system that causes a lot of psychological problems. the aim of this study was to investigate the cognitive, emotional and social factors in the psychological problems of patients with multiple sclerosis and healthy people.
Material and Methods: the method of this study was descriptive from its comparative casual types. Statistical population of this study was all of patients with multiple sclerosis were referred to M.S association in the urmia. Sample of this study was 40 patients with multiple sclerosis were referred to M.S association in the urmia and selected by available sampling method. Data were analyzed by Multivariate Analysis of Variance and one-way analysis of variance.
Results: The results of this study showed that there is significant deference between two groups in the variables of looming maladaptive style (F=6/526, sig:0/002), negative problem-orientation (F=4/26, sig:0/04), interpersonal emotion regulation (F=3/195, sig:0/02), emotional processing styles (F=2/503, sig:0/04), social desirability (F=18/29, sig:0/000) and rejection sensitivity (F=4/00, sig:0/049) and patients with multiple sclerosis get the higher scores in these variables but there is no differences between two groups in meta-worry.
Conclusion: Many psychological problems that these patients experience are in part as a result of cognitive, emotional and social factors that have been studied in current study. Then, paying attention to these factors in the etiology and treatment of psychological problems of these patients can be a useful step in the reducing of these problems and improving of mental health in the patients.
Mohammad Hosein Dehghan Tarzjani, Farzaneh Farahani, Ali Asghar Smailzadeh,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (2-2020)
Abstract
Introduction: Bioaccumulation Capacity of Heavy metals in aquatic bodies can do a serious threat to food security and public health. Therefore, in this study, the amount of lead, cadmium and copper in edible tissues of hydrothermal fish in Alborz province was determined in 2017.
Materials and Methods: Twenty-one carp fish of three species were randomly selected from the Mahmoudi fishery, which supplies the Alborz hydrothermal fish market, and after acidic digestion of the specimens, the concentration of lead, cadmium and copper was determined by Atomic absorption device.
Results: The mean concentration of lead, cadmium and copper in wild carp, amur and phytophagus in ppb and for cadmium was measured. Highest amount of lead in Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Cadmium in Ctenopharyngodon idella &Copper in Hypophthalmichthys molitrix was observed.
Statistical comparison of the mean concentrations of the Heavy metals with the guidelines of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization showed that the mean concentration of all Heavy metals was lower than the permissible limit.
Discussion: Although currently the mean concentrations of the evaluated Heavy metals in the carp edible tissue of Alborz province are not exceeded, but lack of proper management of the water supply resources of fish ponds can lead to the entry of pollutants, including heavy metals, into the fish farm.In resident aquaculture tissues, endangering the health of consumers.
Ahmadreza Mirzaei, Mahboobeh Mehrabani, Zohreh Khodaii, Hamid Mirshamsi, Nasrin Rafieian,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (2-2020)
Abstract
Background: Periodontal diseases in smokers are 2.6 to 6 times higher than non-smokers and their response to treatment is much lower. Reducing levels of antioxidants and consequently increasing oxidative damage in the pathogenesis of periodontitis is effective. Regarding the importance of free radicals in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cigarette on the oxidative and antioxidant status of saliva in chronic periodontitis patients and compare it with healthy controls.
Methods: In this case-control study, 20 patients with chronic cigarette smoking periodontitis, 20 patients with non-smoking chronic periodontitis and 20 healthy individuals who had no history of periodontitis and smoking, were among those referring to dental clinics and clinics of Karaj were chosen. Uninstivated saliva was collected and salivary total antioxidant capacity was measured using a kit in saliva. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA.
Results: Total antioxidant capacity of saliva in smoker periodontitis and non-smoker periodontitis was significantly (P <0.05) less than normal Persons.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, chronic periodontitis reduces the total antioxidant capacity of saliva, on the one hand, due to the increased production of oxidants in inflammatory responses to this disease, and, on the other hand, the presence of compounds such as nicotine cigarette that disturbs the chain Respiratory mitochondria and increased oxidants.
