Alborz University

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This study aimed to assess the impact of life skills training on emotional intelligence soldiers Taybad city has been done. The study of all the soldiers Taybad city and 88 samples from these soldiers that systematic random sampling method chosen And at the two control groups and control are handled, makes up. Emotional intelligence measurement tool Bar -On and Data methods Descriptive statistics and t test were analyzed. The data show that life skills training on emotional intelligence is influenced experimental group, so life skills training to increase the ability for people to cope with life issues and relationships with others is useful and effective.

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Introduction: Despite relative low incidence of spinal cord tumors, they have significant importance as a result of their critical location and being potential for spinal cord compression. Also a large group of these tumors would be completely curable if be diagnosed on time and treated well. Objective: The aim of this study was assessment of spine and spinal cord tumors relative frequency in neurosurgery ward of Poursina Hospital in Rasht from 2002 to 2008. Material and Methods: In a descriptive study, we studied medical documents of admitted patients in neurosurgery ward of Poursina Hospital in Rasht whom suffered from spine or spinal cord tumor. We collected necessary data including age, sex, tumor's type, involveded segment and location of tumor related to dura and analysed them with SPSS 14 software. Results: Out of 55 studied patients, 28 (50.9%) were male and 27 (49.1%) female. The youngest patient was 4 and the oldest one was 74 years old. Mean age was 46.22 years of age. Fifth decade of life was the most frequent decade with 13 cases (23.6%). Extradural tumors with 22 cases (40%) were the most common types of tumors. Then, 21 cases (38.2%) had intradural extramedullary tumors and 12 cases (21.8%) intramedullary. Moreover, 27 tumors (49.1%) were in thoracic segment of spine. Cervical, lumbar and sacrococcigeal region of spine had 14, 13 and 1 tumors, respectively. According to the study Schwannoma was the most common type of tumor with 11 cases (20%) followed by meningioma and small round cell tumors with 8 cases (14.5%). Conclusion: Although most results of this study are relatively similar to previous ones, there are several differences among some parameters such as the most frequent decade and the most involved segment of spine in intramedullary tumors. Many of spinal tumors versus brain tumors with timely diagnosis and prompt treatment will have good prognosis, therefore obtaining knowledge about epidemiology of these tumors and applying them in differential diagnosis are of high importance.

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Background: Continuous change in the complex health care environments is a major challenge for administrative managers. This study aimed to design a change model to facilitate change implementation in the Iranian hospitals. Methods: This is a descriptive and comparative study. The data were collected through library search and in-depth interview with 15 hospital managers. Nine well-established change theories developed by Lewin, Action Research, Kotter, Ackerman- Anderson and Anderson, Prosci , Kilman, Beer, Continuum, and Gelicher were compared. Common denominators of the theories were identified and tabulated. Experienced hospital managers’ suggestions about social factors were acquired. The initial model was designed and validated using the Delphi Technique. Results: The majority of the selected change models emphasize the significance of social factors in change implementation such as effective communication, organizational climate and culture, and leadership. The results from the interviews indicate that low readiness to change, lack of confidence (or trust) for change, and autocratic leadership style ,and poor communication could hinder the change process. Conclusion: Based on the model developed in the study, effective communication, readiness of employees, and a contingency leadership/management combined could lead to successful implementation of change in the hospital.

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Background: Sexual disorders are under effect of personal and mental factors. The reported prevalence of these kinds of disorders including paganisms ,painful intercourse, suppressed orgasm, and fragility is 18 to 79 percent. Due to sexual disorder has several side effects and there is direct correlation with sexual disorder and social problems like divorce or mental diseases ,proper consulting and education before marriage seems to be useful not only for timely diagnosis, but for treatment process. Objective: This present same-experimental study to carried out to survey effect of consulting and education on attitude of 135 under marriage female to sexual relationship. Methods: This present same-experimental study to carried out to survey effect of consulting and education on attitude of 135 under marriage female, who were committing in health care center for pre marriage consulting, to sexual relationship. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire to evaluate knowledge and attitude. the maintained questioner was filled in one month sequence before and after intervention. The consultation and face to face education beyond distrusting booklet and self learning pamphlet was considered as intervention. At last the collocated data were analyzed by paired T -test via SPSSwin12 software Findings: Based on result 8.1 percent of female have not any information about sexual issue, while their howled were increased after intervention and 78.51 of them had decided to consult with a specialist. According to 67.4 percent of pre marriage female ,the best time for consulting is before marriage. There is a meaningful correlation between female's attitude before and after intervention (p<0.05) Conclusion: Acceding to result, there are many sexual disorders have been reasoned in unawareness of females and also due to insufficient informing and consulting by health care staff. It is obvious that to recognition of various aspects of sexual relationship and learn about it can promote female's knowledge and perception.

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Child nutrition in different aspects is important in the first years especially the first two years after birth. The most important feature of this period is that the physical and cerebral damage of malnutrition after this period is not compensable. Successful breastfeeding not only depends on psychological and social factors, but also depends on the physiological conditions that can affect the onset of lactation. In addition, other factors are involved in the duration of breastfeeding including: age and maternal education, family income, the first time to decide for breastfeeding, First time feeding, maternal skill and breastfeeding self-efficacy. The aim of this study, was to determine breastfeeding self efficacy and its relationship with exclusive breast-feeding. In this descriptive study, the data collection instrument, was a questionnaire consisted of the demographic characteristics and standard items of breastfeeding self efficacy. The number of participants in this study was 331 persons that selected continuously from the Primiparous women at Shahid Akbarabadi hospital in Tehran. The findings of this study showed promising results in all samples studied, standard deviation and mean score of breastfeeding self-efficacy in exclusive breast-feeding group was 53.64±9.8 and in non exclusive breast-feeding group was 46.11±9.23, which showed that the mothers with exclusive breast-feeding, had higher breastfeeding self-efficacy scores than those fed with the non-exclusive. Therefore according to the reported reduced rate of breast feeding in the recent years, it is necessary to provide appropriate strategies in order to increase breastfeeding self efficacy, especially in primiparous mothers in order to increase breastfeeding rates.

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Background: The removal of phenol by biosorbent has received increasing interest in recent years. In this study the potential of ostrich feathers was assessed for adsorption of phenol from aqueous solutions. Materials and Methods: In this research, feasibility of application ostrich feather and modified feather was studied at the laboratory scale using a synthetic phenol solution (1-50) mg/L and the impact of the important field parameters including pH, sorbents concentration, retention time and temperature were investigated. Then, the adsorption data were described with Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms and Excel software for analyzing the data was used. Result: The result obtained revealed that by increasing the dosage of the sorbents from 0.2 g to 0.7 g the adsorption increases. The adsorption of phenol decreases by the increase of the pH value of the solution. Also, it is observed that the contact time significantly affect the rate of phenol adsorption (83% for raw feathers and 73% for modified feather) from solution. Conclusion: The Results showed that efficiency of raw feather process is more than of modified feather process for phenol removal. The results showed that the ostrich feathers as an economic material and disposal solid waste from poultry processing plants can be used as an effective biosorbent for phenol.

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Background: S. aureus is one of the most pathogenic bacteria. Lastly, increasing of resistance, led to difficulty in treatment, specially Resistance to methicillin, limited treatment of infections by S.aureus. Because of these, we evaluated the drug Resistance and Staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCCmec) types among methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), in this study. Methods: In a cross- sectional study, we collect S.aureus isolates and then evaluate them with diagnostic tests such as drug susceptibility, MIC, molecular genotyping of SCCmec, to recognition of drug resistance in isolates. Results: 78isolates among totally 164 isolates were MRSA. There is no resistance to vancomycin, but almost, there is high resistance about another antibiotics. Type II were mostly frequent type, type IV were less among another types. Conclusion: In compare with another researches we can recognized increasing of resistance in S. aureus, because of using high level antibiotics in infections treatment.

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Introduction & Objective: Gossypiboma is a term used to describe a mass within the body that comprises a surrounded by foreign body reaction and is occurred following surgical procedures. Herein we reported a patient with presentation of retained three surgical sponge in abdominal cavity. Case Report: A 25-years old female patient was referred to ED in 2011 for complaints of abdominal pain. This patient had history of hospitalization 60 days before this admission because of multiple trauma and penetrating trauma to left flank. In recent admission, abdominal x-rays and CT scan revealed a cystic mass with dimension of 8×4cm. Laparatomy was done for this patient. Then she discharged after 3 days and her abdominal pain resolved after operation. Conclusion: Retained foreign bodies should be considered in differential diagnosis of post operation in all patients with unusual complaints after surgery.

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Background: Traditional medicine in Iran with the long and old background from ancient period until now has very beneficial practical and technical experience. At present despite development of conventional medicine, many patients refer to traditional medicine. This study aimed to investigate knowledge, practice and attitude toward Iranian Traditional Medicine. Methods: This study is cross-sectional and the sample of the study was 350 persons who refer to health centers of Tehran (older than 15 year). Our data was collected via standard questionnaire. Results: Mean age of participant was 34.1 SD 1.21 and 60.9% were women. Their knowledge about Iranian traditional medicine was 26.3% and 69% of them has used at least one of the traditional medicine methods that the most of them were herbal therapy(70.1%) and Hejamat(44%).generally the attitude was positive and (37%)had extremely positive and (57.6%)positive attitude toward traditional Iranian Medicine. Conclusion: In light of this result it is clear that Iranian people have a positive tendency toward Iranian Traditional medicine, so the best and complete researches for better planning is recommended.

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Background/Objective: Poisoning is One common cause of referred cases , especially in the adolescent and young group to hospital emergency department. This study was designed to determine Epidemiologic of poisoning in teaching hospitals, shiraz in 1387 Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that 266 sample via random sampling with 95% confidence interval and α 0.05 were considered. Results: There were 47% female and 53% male. 67.2 percent of poisoned patient were single and 32.8% were married. This study showed, highest rate of poisoning was between the age of 20-35 years. Most common season of poisoning was in spring. Overall mortality of our study was 1.6 percent. Conclusions: Regional epidemiological information, make rational use of resources in order to prevention and control of poisoning and with using analysis of effective factors will be reduced poisoning by policymakers and planners.

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Background: Measles virus (MV) is a highly contagious agent which causes a major health problem in developing countries. We studied the effect of BERBERINE on the replication of an AIK-HDC strain of MV and its induced apoptosis in Vero cell lines. Methods: In this study, toxicity of BERBERINE on Vero cells was investigated first, resulted in determination of sub-lethal or non-toxic concentration zone of BERBERINE for cells. Next, anti-viral effect of BERBERINE at various time limits was evaluated and virus titer was determined at each stage either as 50% tissue culture infective dose TCID50 or by plaque assay method. Using specific anti-measles IgG, anti-viral effect of BERBERINE on MV replication cycle was evaluated through indirect immunofluorescence assay, meanwhile presence of viral RNA was investigated by RT-PCR and gel- electrophoresis. Results: According to the experiments, BERBERINE, at concentration of 50 μM, markedly inhibited the cytopathic effect (CPE) induced by MV. BERBERINE also significantly inhibited apoptosis induced by MV. BERBERINE either influences replication of MV genome, or may inhibit virion formation. Conclusion: These results suggest that the inhibition of CPE and apoptosis by BERBERINE induced by MV may be associated with the effect of BERBERINE on viral RNA genome. Therefore, it is suggested that MV infections can induce apoptosis through the activation of a common pathway that can be blocked by BERBERINE or some of its ingredients.

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Background: Based on report of World Health Organization (WHO), about 60-85% of the world's population fails to complete the recommended amount of physical activity required to induce health benefits. It is necessary to assess health status for designing and programming about exercise activities. In this study the effectiveness of Transtheoretical Model (TTM) in predicting exercise activities among the students of Islmaic Azad University of Sabzevar was examined. Methods: In this cross sectional-Correlational study. A random (clustered) sample of 234 university students in Islamic Azad university of Sabzevar, participated in the study. A standard instrument was used to measure the variables of interest based on transtheoretical model. Reliability and validity of the questionnaire was examined by a panel of experts and cronbach alpha (N=30, α=0.83-0.95). The data were analyzed by SPSS 16.00 statistical software using Path analysis based regression, t-test and ANOVA and Correlation. Results: According to the results, the average age of students was 22.5±3.8 years. The distribution of the participants according to the stages of change model was as follows: pre-contemplation 36.3%, contemplation 25.6%, preparation, 18.9%, action, 10.5% and maintenance 8.7%.These were significant differences between mean of self efficacy, process of change, decisional balance by sex (p<0.05) and stages of change (p<0.01). Behavioral process of change (β=0.399) and self efficacy (β=0.350) were the most important variables for improving levels of exercise. Conclusion: Because the most students (62%) were at precontemplation, contemplation and preparation stages and the results showed that behavioral process of change perceived barriers and self efficacy are the most important predictors for improving levels of exercise. Thus, policies and programs to strengthen these factors to promote exercise activities among students is recommended.

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Background: Desirable sexual function has an important role in strengthening the marital life of the couples. Sexual disorders can cause mental pressure and affect quality of life and marital relationship. Methods: This was a descriptive correlation study in one group and one phase covering multivariables. The study sample included 384 women after delivery period that had the following inclusion criteria: the age of at least 18 years, delivery in 38-42 pregnancy weeks, primiparous and multiparous women, living in the city, single pregnancy, and twelve months elapsed from the delivery. The required data such demographic, marital satisfaction and sexual function index were collected through reporting questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods using software SPSS. Results: The findings of the study indicated that the most prevalent disorder of the sexual relationship in postpartum was dyspareunia and the least prevalent was the sexual desire. There was no significant association between sexual function and, age, education degree , body mass index ,body size and job, but there was a significant association for other factors such as the economic, residence and marital satisfaction (p<0.01). Conclusion: It is recommended that sexual problems after delivery be placed on the list of health teaching issues to pass easily this period of time. Women should be assured that these problems gradually would be improved and they should learn using proper techniques to decrease dyspareunia which is a sexual disorder in postpartum period.

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Background: Cancer is chronic disease that its prevalence is growing in recent years. Genetics and environmental factors such as energy balance and nutritional habits are involved in its incidence. The nutrition plays an important role in prevention and incidence of cancer due to protective and harmful factors, respectively. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of medical sciences students regarding the role of nutrition in prevention or incidence of cancer in Tabriz University. Methods: This Cross- sectional study conducted on 565 (219 male and 346 Female) senior students of medical sciences. A self-administered questionnaire with two part completed by students. the one was about the demographic characteristics (age, gender, course, level of education, passing nutrition unit through the school and source of nutritional information) and the other one with 22 closed and open questions was about nutritional knowledge. Data analyzed by using descriptive statistics and presented as frequency and percent. Assessment of relationship between nutritional knowledge and demographic variable were used the Pearson correlation and ANOVA. Results: About 13% of students had low level of nutritional knowledge and 41% and 45.6% had acceptable and high level of knowledge, respectively. Relationship between course, level of education, passing nutrition unit through the school and source of nutritional information of students with nutritional knowledge were statistically significant and with age and gender were no statistically significant relationship. Conclusion: Nutritional factors had important role in incidence of cancer and individual knowledge in this regard is important. In our study, medical knowledge of students, as future provider of health information hadn´t adequate level, so using of efficient co-educational materials for increasing their knowledge may be beneficial.

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Objective: It has been recently reported the activity of 4-aryl-4H-chromenes family to induce apoptosis in human cancer cells. Herein we report a derivative of 4-aryl-4H-chromene compound with higher apoptotic activity against Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia K562. The cells were seeded in 24-well plates at 1×105 cells/well and treated with 5-30 nM of the 2-amino-4-(3-bromo 4,5 dimethoxy-phenyl) -3-cyano -7-(dimethylamino) -4H-chromene (3-BMPC). This compound was found to be highly active growth inhibitor with IC50 of 10±3.1 nM as determined by MTT assay. Proliferation of K562 cells was diminished by more than 80% and viability was decreased by about 50% upon 96 h of treatment with 30 nM concentration of the compound. Apoptosis as the mechanism of cell death was investigated morphologically by Hoechst 33258 staining, as well as the formation of DNA ladder. K562 cells underwent apoptosis upon a single dose (at IC50 value) of the compound. These data further suggest that 3-BMPC may provide a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of leukemia.

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Introduction: Up to now accomplished many investigations about cumulative trauma disorders (CTD) accession. For the most part sitting pattern and unsuitable task posture has been specified reason of these complications. In the publicized stats from a foreign source ambit of 44 percent of people who worked with computer has been afflict to the CTD's. The aim of this paper is to find and measurement of CTD and ergonomic intervention and investigation rate of this intervention's effect in the Tehran south health center. This center use paperless system. Methods: In this research Nordic questionnaire distribute between 68 persons of the center to determine CTD's. By technical expert inspection specified reason of complications. Observantly to state methods reason which create more severity and frequency CTD's has been recognized and interference with human factors engineering. For the more efficiency of interference Anthropometry has been used for all of Work stations and for any person designed a significant posture. Results: results that obtained before interference indicate that were CTD's complications at more of employees which 90 percent of them suffered of up spine pain. Also 27.4 percent of them had shoulder pain and 20.4 percent had neck pain. After the interference these measures decreased. And complaint of employee decreased 40.8 percent to up spine pain. Also for the shoulder pain it reached to 22 and neck pain 17.6 percent. With state test identified that there are significant difference between CTD after and before of intervention (p<0.005). Conclusion: Being unsuitable task posture is main cause of CTD's in the Work stations. We can prevent to increasing these complications in the work place by simple approach like adjustment in the desk and chair height, correct performance working training and doing simple exercise.

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Introduction: Clinical ultrasonography may be provides a quick and non-invasive Modality for evaluation of patients’ hemodynamics for volume status. In this study we want to assess and attempt to analyze accuracy of inferior vena cava (IVC) ultrasonography and central venous catheterization in determine central venous pressure (CVP). Method and Materials: The patients were undergoing central venous catheterization, have been kept in an observational, diagnostic and comparative study. IVC diameters were determined by 2- dimensional bedside ultrasonography during 1 respiratory cycle and the caval index was measured. The correlation of CVP and caval index was measured. In addition, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of caval index was calculated. Results: All 114 patients were divided in three groups: 59% of patients had CVP<8, 19% had 8 ≥ CVP≤12 and 22% had CVP>12. The relationship between caval index and CVP was 0.75. The results of this study demonstrated that the caval index≥ 50% can predict the CVP<8 with 91%sensitivity, 94% specificity, 94%positive predictive value, and 89.5% negative predictive value. Also, the caval index ≤28% can predict a CVP>12 with 96% sensitivity, 94.5%specificity, 83% positive predictive value and 98.8% negative predictive value. Discussion: Our results in this study told us that there is significant correlation between caval index≥50% and CVP<8 or caval index 28% and CVP>12. Conclusion: Ultrasound assessment of IVC dimensions may provide a quick and non-invasive hemodynamic monitoring method of assessing volume status and can performed by educated technician or medical students.

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Introduction: Birth weight is one of the most important indicators for growth in infants. Therefore identifying the associated risk factors of abnormal birth weight is necessity. This study has been designed to detect body mass index, weight gain during pregnancy and its correlation with birth weight of infants. Methods: Between October 2010 and October 2011 in a cross sectional and descriptive study 1376 pregnant women age range between 18-35 years and gestational age <12 weeks of pregnancy were enrolled. BMI was measured at first prenatal visit and prenatal care was done according to health ministry curriculum. A questionnaire that included demographic, medical history and midwifery data was filled up for each case and preterm delivery cases were recorded. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS software, logistic regression, student t-test, Fisher’s exact chi-square test. Results: Univariate analysis showed that LBW was related to mothers in overweight groups, although the differences was not statistically significant (P=1.00). Also the incidence of childbirth with birth weight above 4 kg in overweight and obese mothers was more (P=0.001). On the other hand our statistical analysis results showed an important role for abnormal weight gain during pregnancy, so that weight gain during pregnancy as BMI was affective to predict birth weight of infants (P=0.000, P=0.004). Discussion: Results of this study showed an association between abnormal BMI, weight gain during pregnancy and abnormal birth weight. Therefore consultation with a specialist in nutrition for women in reproductive aged could reduce the chance of LBW.

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Background: The hippocampus as part of the limbic system has a major role in the formation of several types of memory including spatial memory. Cognitive and memory impairment have been reported in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) by several studies and vitamins have antioxidant role for neuro-regeneration. The present study investigates the effects of combined administration of vitamins E and D3 on spatial learning and memory in the demyelinated hippocampus of rat following administration of ethidium bromide. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats were anesthetized with intraperitoneal injection of chlorate hydrate. The animal head was fixed in a stereotaxic apparatus and 3 microliter of ethidium bromide was injected into the dentate gyrus of hippocampus for 7 days. Behavioral tests after intra-peritoneal administration of vitamin E (mg/kg100) and D3 (μg/kg5) were carried out. Animals were subjected to 5 days of training in the Morris water maze 4 days with the invisible platform to test spatial learning and the 5th day with the visible platform to test sensory-motor coordination. Results: The results showed that co-administration of vitamins E and D3 significantly decreased the total traveled distance to the platform compared to the lesion group. However, the indexes of escape latency and swimming speed did not decrease significantly. Conclusion: The co-administration of vitamins E and D3 slightly enhanced spatial learning and memory impairment probably through its neuro-protective effect in the hypocampus.

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Introduction: Identifying the strengths and weaknesses in clinical education is necessary for its improvement. To this end, students are the most important source for acquiring necessary information in this field. This study aimed to assess clinical education in the Alborz University of Medical Sciences from surgical technology and anesthesiology students’ Point of View in 2011 Methods: This research was a descriptive-sectional study performed at the Alborz University of Medical Sciences in 2011. Surgical technology and anesthesia students’ view about Clinical Education was evaluated. Assessment tool was a researcher made questionnaire with 35 items that was completed by students Data were analyzed through SPSS software and statistical methods. Results: The results indicated that from surgical technology students’ view, the optimal condition about clinical education was related to dealing with students. However, the field of educational program and goals was first-rated by anesthesia students. In summary, with average score of 74, medical condition was described as “suitable” by surgical technology students. Also, anesthesia students described the condition as “relatively suitable” by average score of 53. Conclusion: Because of surgical technology and anesthesiology students needs to acquire clinical skills along with theoretical training, providing suitable clinical environment seems to be critical to achieve essential in-depth experience in professional aspects.