Alborz University Medical Journal
نشریه علمی پژوهشی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز
aumj
Medical Sciences
http://aums.abzums.ac.ir
1
admin
2322-3839
2588-3046
10.61186/aums
fa
jalali
1403
10
1
gregorian
2025
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fa
بررسی اثرات نانوذرات نقره سنتز شده به روش سبز بر روی بیان ژنهای بیوفیلمی در سویههای کلبسیلا پنومونیه
Investigating the effects of silver nanoparticles synthesized by the green method on the expression of biofilm genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae strains
عمومى
General
پژوهشي
Research
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">مقدمه</span></span></span></b><i><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">: کلبسیلا پنومونیه</span></span></span></i> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">یک پاتوژن فرصتطلب انسانی است. تشکیل بیوفیلم، یکی از خواص مهم این باکتری است که به ایجاد فنوتیپهایی با مقاومت دارویی چندگانه منجر میشود. فناوری نانوذرات یکی از زمینههای مهم در طیف گستردهای از مطالعات بوده است. در این مطالعه</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">، سنتز سبز نانوذرات نقره و بررسی اثرات آن بر روی بیان ژنهای بیوفیلمی در سویههای <i>کلبسیسلا پنومونیه </i>مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">مواد و روش کار</span></span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> : در این مطالعه توصیفی - مقطعی تعداد 60 نمونه از نمونههای مختلف بیولوژیک جمع آوری و با استفاده از تستهای تأییدی بیوشیمیایی بررسی شدند. پس از تهیه گیاه سیر از بانک گیاهی مرکز ذخایر زیستی، عصاره اتانولی سیر تهیه شد و سنتز نانوذره نقره به روش سنتز سبز انجام شد. مشخصه یابی نانوذره نقره سنتز شده انجام گردید. توانایی تشکیل بیوفیلم جدایهها نیز بررسی شد.</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> الگوی مقاومتی <i>کلبسیلا</i> <i>پنومونیه</i> به روش دیسک دیفیوژن تعیین شد. </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">حداقل غلظت ممانعت کنندگی</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> نانوذره نقره به روش میکرودایلوشن بر روی سویههای مولد بیوفیلم <i>کلبسیلا پنومونیه </i>ارزیابی شد. مالتی­پلکس </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">PCR</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> جهت شناسایی ژنهای</span></span></span><i><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">mrkD</span></span></span></i><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">، </span></span></span><i><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">sugE</span></span></span></i><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> و </span></span></span><i><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">luxS</span></span></span></i><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> انجام شد. در نتیجه، </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">بیان ژنهای </span></span></span><i><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">mrkD</span></span></span></i><i><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">، </span></span></span></i><i><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">sugE</span></span></span></i><i> </i><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">و<i> </i></span></span></span><i><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">luxS</span></span></span></i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> <i>کلبسیلا پنومونیه </i>تیمار شده با نانوذره نقره به روش </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Real Time PCR</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> بررسی شدند.</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">یافته ها</span></span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">: در این مطالعه از تعداد 60 نمونه جمع­آوری شده 36 نمونه بهعنوان <i>کلبسیلا پنومونیه</i> تأیید شدند. </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">تمامی سویهها</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">از</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">نظر</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">تست</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">فنوتیپی</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">بیوفیلم</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">مثبت بودند</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">. </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">اکثر</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">سویهها</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">مقاوم</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">به</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">چند</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">دارو (</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">MDR</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">) بودند. نانوذره نقره سنتز شده دارای ساختار کروی و سیاهرنگ و دارای میانگین سایز ۶۰نانومتر بود. نانوذره نقره بر روی تمامی جدایههای مورد مطالعه خاصیت ضدباکتریایی داشت و کمترین و بیشترین غلظت </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">MIC</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> برابر با 6.25 و 100میکروگرم بر میلیلیتر گزارش شد. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">نتیجه گیری</span></span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">: نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین فراوانی مربوط به ژن</span></span></span><i><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">luxS </span></span></span></i><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> در 30 جدایه (83.33 درصد) است، همچنین فراوانی ژنهای </span></span></span><i><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">sugE</span></span></span></i><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> و </span></span></span><i><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">mrkD</span></span></span></i><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> هر کدام 23 جدایه (63.88 درصد) بود، و تعداد 23 جدایه (68.88 درصد) به طور همزمان دارای هر سه ژن است. بیان ژنهای </span></span></span><i><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">mrkD</span></span></span></i><i><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">، </span></span></span></i><i><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">sugE</span></span></span></i><i> </i><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">و<i> </i></span></span></span><i><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">luxS</span></span></span></i><i> </i><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">در سلولهای تیمار </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">شده با نانوذره نقره نسبت به گروه کنترل کاهش قابل توجهی داشت. تشکیل بیوفیلم و مقاومت آنتیبیوتیکی جدایههای <i>کلبسیلا پنومونیه</i> بهطور مؤثر در واکنش به نانوذرات اکسید </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">نقره</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> مهار شدند. نتایج تحقیق در کنترل عفونتهای مقاوم در برابر چند</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">دارو (</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">MDR</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">) </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">در بیماران بستری میتواند مفید باشد.</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Introduction:</span></span></span></b> <span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">"</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Klebsiella </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">pneumonia"</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> is an opportunistic human pathogen</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> known for its ability to form biofilms</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">, which </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">contribute to multidrug</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> resistance. </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">This</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> study</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> investigates</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">their</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> effects on the expression of biofilm</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">-related</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> genes in </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">"</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Klebsiella </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">pneumonia"</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> strains.</span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:yellow"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Material and method: </span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 60 urine samples were collected and </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">subjected to</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> biochemical verification tests. </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Ethanolic</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> extract of garlic </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">("Allium sativum") </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">was prepared </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">for</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> the </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">green </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">synthesis of silver nanoparticles</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">.</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> Characterization of </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">the </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">synthesized </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">nanoparticles was performed, and "</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Klebsiella </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">pneumonia"</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> biofilm </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">formation </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">was </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">assessed</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> by measuring color </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">intensity associated with </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">biofilm</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> presence</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">. The resistance pattern of </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">the bacteria </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">was determined </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">using</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> the</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> disk</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> diffusion method</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">, and the</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> minimum </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">inhibitory </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">concentration </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">(MIC) </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">of silver </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">nanoparticles against biofilm-forming strains</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> was evaluated </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">using the</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> microdilution method</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">. </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Multiplex PCR </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">was conducted</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> to identify </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">the </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">genes </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">"</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">mrkD</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">", "sugE",</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> and </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">"</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">luxS</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">", and</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> the expression </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">levels </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">of</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> these</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> genes </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">were analyzed using</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> Real</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">-</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Time PCR.</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:14.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Result</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">:</span></span></span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Among the </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">60 samples</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">,</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> 36 were confirmed</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> as "Klebsiella pneumonia", and all </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">strains </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">tested</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> positive for biofilm </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">formation</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">. Most </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">isolates</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> were </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">classified as multidrug</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> resistant (MDR). The synthesized silver </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">nanoparticles exhibited</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> a spherical </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">shape,</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> black color</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">,</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> and an average size of 60 nm. </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">They demonstrated</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> antibacterial </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">activity against</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> all isolates, </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">with</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> MIC </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">values ranging from</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> 6.25 </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">to</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> 100 μg/ml</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">. The highest frequency of the "</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">luxS</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">" gene was found in 30 isolates (83.33%), while "</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">sugE</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">" and "</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">mrkD</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">" were present in 23 isolates each (63.88%). Notably, the expression of "</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">mrkD</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">", "</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">sugE</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">", and "</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">luxS</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">" genes significantly decreased in cells treated with silver nanoparticles compared to the control group.</span></span></span><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Conclusion:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> The study concludes that silver nanoparticles effectively inhibit biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance in "Klebsiella pneumonia" isolates, suggesting their potential utility in managing multidrug-resistant infections in hospitalized patients.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
کلبسیلا پنومونیه, بیوفیلم, مقاومت آنتیبیوتیکی, نانوذره نقره, بیان ژن
Klebsiella pneumoniae, Biofilm, Silver Nanoparticle, Antimicrobial Resistance, Gene Expressionsion
1
16
http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1552-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
Amir
Mirzaii
امیر
میرزایی
Amir.mirzaie@piau.ac.ir
100319475328460013622
100319475328460013622
Yes
Department of Biology, Parand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Parand, Iran
گروه زیست شناسی، واحد پرند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، پرند، ایران
Kambiz
larijani
کامبیز
لاریجانی
kambizlarijani@yahoo.com
100319475328460013623
100319475328460013623
No
Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
گروه شیمی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
Nastaran
Parkan
نسترن
پرکان
nastarnparkan@gmail.com
100319475328460013624
100319475328460013624
No
Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
گروه زیست شناسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران