@article{ author = {Bastani, F. and Rajai, N. and Amini, E. and Haghani, H. and Janmohammadi, S.}, title = {The Assessment of Sleep and Wake State of Premature Infants Hospitalized in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and It\'s Relation with Demographic Variables}, abstract ={Introduction: The correct development of sleep and wake immature states of premature infant has important role in maturation of brain but often, healthcare personnel neglect from this dimension of development and there are limited data about sleep and wake states of premature infant hospitalized in NICU. The aim of this study was to assessing the states of sleep and wake of premature infant and its relation with demographic variables. Materials & Methods:. In a descriptive-analytical study, 70 premature infant hospitalized in NICU constantly were selected based on the needed criteria. The sleep and wake state of infants were recorded with use of behavioral sleep and wake scale of Als. Scale validity was performed using its content analysis, translation, and reliability by Pearson coefficient. Results: The results showed that infants in sleep state had maximum rate of light sleep 3.65±3.27 and minimum rate of deep sleep 0.24±1.05 and in wake state had maximum rate of active awake 1.90±2.09 and minimum rate of quietly awake 0.18±0.68. Also Infants had states with stress 7.75±1.96 more than states without stress 3.65±3.27. Regression analysis showed no significant relation between gestational age and weight of infants with deep sleep and quietly awake. Conclusion: In this study premature infant were mostly in undesirable states of sleep and wake that this may lead to growing and developmental disorders of brain.}, Keywords = {Behavior, Premature infant, Sleep-wake}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-6}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.aums.2.1.1}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-75-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-75-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Payahoo, L. and Mobasseri, M. and KhajeBishak, Y. and AsghariJafarabadi, M. and Ostadrahimi, A.}, title = {Determine the Effects of Zinc Supplementation on Insulin Resistance, Lipid Profiles and Blood Glucose in Obese People}, abstract ={Background: Obesity as one of the most important health problems in the world, involved in the incidence of many chronic disorders. Obese individuals have lower level of vitamins and minerals such as zinc. Zinc is one of trace elements involved in synthesis, storage, release and action of insulin and in pathway of fat and carbohydrate metabolism. This study conducted to assay the effects of zinc supplementation on the insulin resistance, lipid profiles and blood sugar in obese people. Methods: This randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed on 60 obese people (BMI >30 kg/m2). Duration of intervention was one month. The eligible participants divided in two equal groups: intervention and placebo, randomly. Intervention group received a 30mg/d zinc pill and placebo group received 30mg/d starch. The concentration of serum insulin, insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), lipid profiles and fasting blood glucose were determined in onset and at the end of study. Results: Zinc supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in serum insulin concentration, insulin resistance index and serum triglyceride at the end of intervention (p<0.05). However, these results were not significant in placebo group. In contrast, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and fasting blood, sugar (FBS) did not change significantly. Conclusion: Zinc supplement had positive effect on the reduction of insulin concentration and insulin resistance index. More studies with longer period of intervention suggested for disclose more mechanisms in this field.}, Keywords = {Insulin resistance, Lipid metabolism, Obesity, Zinc, Blood Glucose}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {7-12}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.aums.2.1.7}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-76-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-76-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Esmaelzadeh, S. and NoorySepehr, M. and Bahrami, T. and Rajabi, M.}, title = {Momasi Model in Need Assessment of Faculty Members of Alborz University}, abstract ={Background: The first step in developing human resources to improve the performance of universities is to indentify accurate educational needs. Models may draw on a number of theories to help understand a particular problem in a certain setting or context. Momasi model is an integrated of the existing models in educational needs assessment field which has sufficient comprehensiveness of data collection. the aim of this study was application of Momasi model in need assessment of faculty members in seven areas duties. Methods: This study is a cross- sectional study which was formed based on Momasi model between34 faculty members of Alborz university. Results: Different areas of educational needs were respectively prioritized as: personal development, research, administrative and executive activities, education, health services and health promotion, and specialized activities outside the university. The most mean and standard deviation belong to area of research, The first priority in the area of research was the publications in English, in personal development area: familiarity with SPSS software ,and the area of education it was creativity nurture. Conclusion: Based on assessment results, research area in this needs assessment study has the most important priority and frequency. Therefore it is recommended that data gathered in research area section put in first priority for empowering for faculty members Of Alborz University.}, Keywords = {Faculty, Momasi model, Needs assessment}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {13-18}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.aums.2.1.13}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-77-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-77-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Khooshemehri, G. and Kaviani, M. and Asmari, M. and Rajabian, H. and Naserkhaki, V.}, title = {Comparison of Quality of Life for Elderly Men and Women Elderly Nursing Home Resident by Alborz Province in 1390}, abstract ={Background: Ageing is a crucial juncture of human life and Given the issues and needs at this stage is a social. With this in mind special needs of the elderly is important in That are largely neglected. The present study compares the quality of life for elderly men and women Elderly nursing home resident by Alborz Province. Materials and Methods: This study is a descriptive - analytical (cross) . Classification of simple random sampling method proportional to size classes were selected. Information using a standardized questionnaire WHOQOL: BREF questionnaire concerning demographic characteristics and background to face interviews, were collected. 62 patients were studied. Data using SPSS 16 statistical software and For analysis of test data one way ANOVA and t-test is used. Results: There was a significant relationship between quality of life and, gender, education, marital status, disability, but there was no a significant relationship between quality of life and age, children, income. Conclusion: Overall quality of life in the present study were higher in women than men. Improving quality of life for this group of community planning and executive training seems necessary.}, Keywords = {Alborz, Aged, Homes for the Aged, Quality of life, WHOQOL-BREF}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {19-24}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.aums.2.1.19}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-78-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-78-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Kholdi, N. and Pirasteh, A. and Zayeri, F. and Jafari, F. and Bastani, N.}, title = {Stages of Dairy Products Consumption Change by Medical Students: The Trans Theoretical Model}, abstract ={Background and Objective: In spite of the reverse relationship between Dairy products consumption and chronic diseases, the university students do not consume enough amounts of dairy products. Success interventions for changing dairy consumption patterns need to determine its stages of change. Determining medical students’ readiness to change the dairy consumption pattern through stages of change was the aim of this study. Methods: For this descriptive analytical cross-sectional study, 404 medical students were selected by random clustered sampling. The food frequency and stages of change questionnaires were used to get data. The relationship between age, sex, body mass index, settlement situation, marriage situation and educational STATUS with dairy consumption stages of change were analyzed by chi-2, Kruskal-wallis, Spearman correlation and logistic regression. Results: Less than 50% of students (40% females and 46% males) consumed enough servings of dairy products daily. The servings of dairy consumption had not relation with sex, marriage or settlement status, age and body mass index. The least number of students (12.6%) were in precontemplation and 26% in contemplation, 18.8% in preparation, and 24.8 and 17.8% in action and maintenance stages. While there was relationship between educational status and stages of change, such a relation had not been found between other variables and stages of change. The percent of internship students in action and maintenance stages were greater than students in medical basic sciences (OR=1.7). Conclusion: Regards to students’ inadequate amount and inappropriate kind of dairy products consumption and readiness to change dairy consumption in about half of students, it seems necessary to apply appropriate intervention strategies on the basis of stages of change to correct dairy consumption patterns.}, Keywords = {Dairy products, Medical students, Behavior}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {25-32}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.aums.2.1.25}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-79-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-79-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Taheriniya, A. and Ebrahimpuriyan, L. and Mohsenzadeh, Y.}, title = {Effect of Education on Knowledge and Performance of Activity in Patients with Myocardial Infarction: Health Belief Model}, abstract ={Background: Myocardial infarction is the first cause of death in people over 35 years. Because most risk factors for heart disease are associated with behavior and consciousness. This study examined the impact of education based on knowledge and performance of the health belief model work has been done in patients with myocardial infarction. Methods: This quasi-experimental study in 74 patients with myocardial infarction based on the method selected and then randomly assigned to two groups. The data were collected through student t-test, paired t, t, chi square score was analyzed. Results: Independent t tests showed that both age groups are homogeneous (P=0.496). Significant gender differences between the two groups using statistical analysis when there was no score (P=0.314) between age and physical performance and gender awareness and gender and performance between the two groups of patients there was no significant difference.. Conclusion: Education in the model of increased awareness of disease and risk factors in disease activity and improves performance.}, Keywords = {Health belief model, Myocardial infarction, awareness, Training}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {33-38}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.aums.2.1.33}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-80-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-80-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {JonidiJafari, A. and Golbaz, S. and RezaeiKalantari, R.}, title = {Investigation of Cyanide Removal from Aqueous Solution Using Precipitation Process (FeCl3)}, abstract ={Background and Objectives: Cyanide is a toxic pollutant that is can be discharged from different industries such as iron and steel industry, coal mining and metal plating. Presence of this toxin in water and wastewater is a serious hazard and lead to undesirable effects on both the environment and human. Thus, its concentration control is essential for human health. The aim of this study was investigation of Cyanide Removal from aqueous solution using precipitation process (FeCl3). Material and Methods: This study is an experimental study in lab scale that was carried out in a batch system by jartest. Variations of this study including pH, FeCl3 concentration, reaction time and desired concentration of cyanide were investigated. Data were analyzed using Excel (version 2007) software. Results: The results of this research were showed that Cyanide with initial concentration of 10 mg/l in precipitation process was removed by 40% (conditions pH=90, FeCl3=0.4 g/l and the time 60 minutes). Also, the precipitation process efficiency to cyanide removal decreased of 40 to 23%, by increasing of the initial cyanide concentration of 10 to 15 mg/l. Conclusion: Precipitation process can be considered as a suitable alternative for recovery of cyanide to be re-used. Although, this process has limitations for treat total cyanide to environmental standards level. So, it is better be used in combination with other processes of these contaminants removal.}, Keywords = {Precipitation, Coagulation, FeCl3, Cyanide}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {39-46}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.aums.2.1.39}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-81-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-81-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Jamalipour, M.}, title = {Comparison of physicochemical Concepts of Emu oil with Cosmetic creams}, abstract ={Background and Objectives: Emu oil is a valuable source for the production of cosmetics or for food is used as edible oil. However, there is little information about the properties of this oil. Material and Methods: In this study, using a fusion of wet fat ostrich oil is extracted and then some physicochemical properties (Yiddish value, saponification value, melting point, refractive index, specific gravity, and color) were studied. Results: The results showed that the physicochemical characteristics of ostrich oil Yiddish value, saponification value, melting point (softening of oil), the refractive index and density, respectively, 70.64+ 0.2 , 184+2.5 +, 31+1.5, 1.46+0.02, 0.9, color, yellow Lavyband cell size is 1 inch. In addition, the amount of free fatty acids and oil refining need not be separated and the separated oil can be used as a base in cosmetic products. Conclusion: separated ostrich oil can be used as a base in cosmetic products.}, Keywords = {Physicochemical concepts, Emu oil, Cosmetics}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {47-50}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.aums.2.1.47}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-82-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-82-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Alizadeh, P. and Godarzi, Z. and Shariat, M. and Nariman, Sh. and NikZinatMatin, E.}, title = {The Effect of Massage Therapy by Sunflower Oil on Neonates for Length of Hospital Stay from the Hospital}, abstract ={Introduction: Infants are the most sensitive and injury of people in society that will make the feature of our country so they are needed special attention to take care of their physical &mental health. According to many studies one of the intervention for decrease of length of stay (LOS) in Intensive Care Unit (NICU) is massage therapy by oil because of rapidly recovery & early discharge. The aim of this study was to the effect of massage on neonates in Nicu ward for decreasing of LOS. Materials & Methods:. This one- blinded clinical trial was conducted on 44 infants who were born within 30-37weeks gestational age with 1000-2500gr in Nicu of Arash & Shariati hospitals. The infants were assigned randomly into two group of sunflower oil massage &without massage. The massage is done one hour after milk when the infants were stable (heart rate-respiratory rate and color of their skin become control). Each massage was 15minute 3 times in every 2 hours in the afternoon for 5 days. Observation was tools of collecting data by researcher which done before &after every intervention by respiratory heart rate monitoring & pulse oximetry. Data were analyzed using the repeated measure ANOVA. Results: Within 5 days of following increasing pattern of infant weight in study group was significant (P=0.001) and comparison growth head circumference in 2 groups was not significant (P=0.01) about LOS variable within 5days massage was significant (P=0.04). Conclusion: Fortunately there were statistical significant difference between the infants weight and decreasing length of hospitalization in 2 groups , but difference between head circumference between 2 group was not significant.}, Keywords = {Infant, LOS, Massage, Nicu, Sunflower oil}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {59-66}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.aums.2.2.59}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-92-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-92-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Fatehi, R. and Saberi, M. and TofighiZavare, H. and Banifatemi, H.}, title = {A Study of the Incidence of Substance Abuse in Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder with or without Self Injurious Behavior in Roozbeh Hospital in Tehran from Tir, 1387 to Tir, 1388}, abstract ={Background: The goal of this study was to evaluate the incidence of substance abuse in patients with borderline personality disorder with or without self injurious behavior who referred to Rouzbeh hospital in Tehran from July 2008 to July 2009. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in 70 patients with Borderline personality disorder. Only patients who were diagnosed according to DSM IV and psychiatric interview were recruited. A questionnaire was given to all patients including different items about self injurious behaviors, drug and substance abuse. Data was analyzed by SPSS 16.00 statistical software using Chi square and t test. Results: Of 70 patients, 35.7% were female and 64.3% were male. Rate of self injury was higher in male patients (58.6%). Moreover, substance abuse was significantly higher in patients with self injury. There was an inverse correlation between education level and self injury. In addition, 66.7% of the patients reported that they need medical management after self injury behavior. Forty (57.1%) of patients with self injury has history of psychiatry drugs consumption but there were no relationship between psychiatry drugs abuse and self injury. The most common substance abuses were (62.9%) alcohol, (57.1%) cannabis, (41.4%) Tramadol, (24.3%) crack, and (22.9%) ecstasy. Patients with self injury had higher rate of substance abuse. Conclusion: The result of this study as some similar studies indicated the high prevalence of substance abuse in borderline patients with or without self injury. Thus, it seems that considering substance abuse as a significant problem in these patients is essential.}, Keywords = {Borderline personality disorder; Self-mutilation; Substance abuse}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {67-75}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.aums.2.2.67}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-93-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-93-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Jafari, F. and Zafarghandi, N. and Abbasi, M. and Khodashenas, Z.}, title = {The Average Age of Menopause and Its Associated Factors Among Women in Tehran}, abstract ={Background: Menopause means the permanent cessation of menstruation and lead to the fixed and permanent changes in women and is predisposing factors of chronic diseases. So the investigating of average age of menopause and some predictive factors are very important that this study was designed with this goal. Methods: This study was a cross sectional study with descriptive and analytical aspects that was done on the 403 women residing in 1 to 4 regions of Tehran and they had at least 1 year of the last menstruation and their menopause had occurred naturally. Data collection tool was a researcher made questionnaire. Then data were analyzed with SPSS software and Chi square, t-test, analysis of variance and correlations. Results: The mean age of subjects was 51.30±4.8 years. 89.4 percent were married and the average number of children was 2.61±1.07 and mean body mass index was 26.19±3.66. The average age at first menarche was 13.59±1.58 years. The average age at menopause in the understudy population was 46.57±4.95 years. Also, association between menopause and underlying demographic variables including age at menarche, education, height, weight, BMI, number of children, abortion, history of hormone use were examined in this study. Conclusion: With regard to life expectancy, women spend approximately one third of their life after menopause. Identification of factors associated with these issue particularly aspects of quality of life is important.}, Keywords = {Age of onset; Menopause; Menstruation}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {76-81}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.aums.2.2.76}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-94-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-94-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Dehghan, A. and Memarian, R.}, title = {Abundance of Stress, Anxiety and Depression in Multiple Sclerosis Patients}, abstract ={Background: Multiple Sclerosis As a chronic disease for some reasons including sudden attack, occur in young Ages, no prognosis and definitive cure causes stress, anxiety and depression in patients. It seems that the more we know the extent of stress, anxiety and depression of patients the more we can control the symptoms. This study was to examine the Abundance of stress, anxiety and depression in Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional- descriptive study was conducted using convenient sampling to recruit 110 patients suffering from MS. Data collection tool was DASS 21 questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test and Correlation coefficient were used to analysis the data. Results: Based on the findings Suffer 46.4% Multiple Sclerosis Patients from severe stress, 19.2% of severe anxiety and 29.2% of severe depression. Results of spearman Correlation coefficient showed a significant relationship between the stress, anxiety and depression with Expanded Disability Status and duration of disease (P<0.05). So chi-square test showed a significant relationship between the stress, anxiety and depression with Hospitalizations (P<0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this research revealed high stress, anxiety and depression in Multiple Sclerosis Patients that can jeopardize their health. Hence the providing appropriate education for coping and adapting with the symptoms in Multiple Sclerosis Patients seems to be necessary.}, Keywords = {Anxiety; Depression; Multiple sclerosis; Stress}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {82-88}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.aums.2.2.82}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-95-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-95-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Naghavi, Z. and Hajgholami, M.R. and Shokoohi, Y. and Zayeri, F.}, title = {Job Stress Risk Factors Among Power Generation and Machine Production Employees: A Case Study-2010}, abstract ={Background and Objective: Job stress has been adverse effects on performance, quality of work, absents, unsafe behaviors and occupational accidents and also health problems. Risk factors of job stress can be different in various workplaces. Risk factors determination is the first step of job stress management. Identifying these risk factors among workers of Power production & Machine production industries was the aim of this study. Methods: First parts of Osipow questionnaire was used for investigating of different dimensions of job stress. The questionnaire with 60 items based on a 5 point Likert scale, is evaluated in six stress-inducing work roles (1) role overload, (2) role insufficiency, (3) role ambiguity, (4) role boundary, (5) responsibility, and (6) physical environment. We add some question for assessing physical and mental signs that are related with stress. Questionnaire was completed by voluntaries after oral explanations. Results: Mean score of stress for investigated subjects at two industries was within the normal range. Employees in two industries for the investigated dimensions inclusive role overload and role responsibility has experienced moderate stress and severe stress for physical environment. Compare of mean stress score by ANOVA test in three groups of employees including operational workers, office workers and managers showed the significant statistic difference (P<0.01) for experiencing in job stress by two groups of operational and office workers. Conclusion: Workload should be set up base on personnel ability, skills and also their physical and mental limitations. Clear definition of role responsibility is very important. Workers participation in decision making and improving physical environment of workplace were suggested for job stress mitigation approaches.}, Keywords = {Stress; Questionnaire; Employees}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {89-96}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.aums.2.2.89}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-96-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-96-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {SoheiliAzad, A.A. and YeghanehGhasemi, L. and Naserkhaki, V.}, title = {Knowledge and Practice of Women Referred to Health Centers Boroujerd on Complementary Feeding}, abstract ={Background: In order to improve knowledge and practice of mothers about infant feeding and subsequent improvement of nutritional status of infants in their consumption of malnutrition this research was Health centers Boroujerd. Methods: This study is a descriptive - analytical (cross) in mothers who are selected by systematic random sampling interviews with 400 mothers of knowledge about complementary feeding practice and its associated risk factors, was assessed with a questionnaire and using a statistical program spss chi-square test and data were analyzed. Findings:The findings show that the majority of mothers had good knowledge (61%) the desired function (49%) about their complementary feeding. Between knowledge and practice of mothers about complementary feeding with such parent education, child age, birth order, source of information and communication are significant. If the age of the mother's job, with the area's job performance and knowledge in areas such relationship and the sex of the infant with a chi-square test of the relationship between knowledge and practice domains do not show. Conclusion: Relatively strong correlation between the two domains of knowledge and practice is often mothers who have adequate knowledge about infant nutrition to show its good behavior.}, Keywords = {Complementary feeding; Infant; Knowledge; Practice}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {97-102}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.aums.2.2.97}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-97-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-97-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {MohammadiKalhori, A. and NooriSephr, M. and Zarrabi, M.}, title = {Investigation of Nitrate and Fluoride Concentration in Karaj Water Supply July to December 2012}, abstract ={Background and Objectives: Fluoride is an essential element for human health body, since in standard levels, it prevents the tooth decay and then in maximium levels it leads to florsis. On the other hands, nitrate is another constitutes which is introduced to ground water resource due to release of industrial and municipal wastewater. The presence of nitrate in ground water well demonstrates the introduction of wastewater and lead to blue baby. Material and Methods: In this work, concentration of nitrate and fluoride during 6 months was investigated in Karaj water supply system. The samples were taken monthly from 12 area of Karaj City. For each area, about 8 samples were taken. After sampling, concentration of nitrate and fluoride was measured and compared with available standards. Results: The results reveal that maximum and minimum of nitrate was 32.53 and 4.11 mg/L, respectively. In addition, minimum level of fluoride was zero and maximum was measured to be as 0.72 mg/L. Based on results, nitrate concentration was bellow the available standards and therefore has no health risk to consumer. However, the fluoride concentration was below the permitted level for human being and therefore needs to establish fluoridation facility. Conclusion: We can conclude that Karaj water supply system is suitable considering nitrate concentration but it need to establish a fluoridation facility to prevent dental disease.}, Keywords = {Drinking Water; Nitrate; Fluoride; Dental Caries}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {103-107}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.aums.2.2.103}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-98-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-98-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Shams, A.R. and Abedpour, N. and Darabi, A.R. and Abbasi, M.}, title = {Study the Pattern of Unusual Attachments of Pronator Teres in Flexor Muscles Group of the Forearm}, abstract ={Background and Objectives: Study of the variations in the muscles, nerves and arteries formation and course is useful for the clinicians during surgery and for differential diagnosis of uncommon clinical conditions. As the arm and forearm are the point of formation of many body structures, variations are not uncommon but variations of Pronator teres (PT) are rare in literature. The role of PT is critical as one of the main flexors and pronators of the elbow joint. We present an unusual case of PT formation found during routine cadaveric dissection. PT is the most lateral muscle of the superficial group muscles of forearm. In pronation, it acts as a medial rotator of radius on ulna. PT has two origins, the humeral head, arises from the medial supracondylar ridge, and from the common flexor tendon which arises from the medial epicondyle of the humerus and the ulnar head which arises from the medial side of the coronoid process of the ulna. Median nerve crosses between these ends. The muscle passes obliquely across the forearm, and ends in a flat tendon, which is inserted at the middle of the lateral surface of the body of the radius. Material and Methods: During routine dissection of a 60 year-old male preserved corpse, whom we had no information from previous diseases, variations were found in PT. Results: There was an abnormal origin of PT and absence of its coronoid attachment. Due to its important relation with median nerve and brachial artery this variation may be important after probable trauma injuries. Furthermore there was a neural variance in this region as too early branching of anterior interosseus branch of median was seen. Conclusion: It is concluded that PT variations may affect the function of upper limb. Knowledge of such variations is important to anatomists, radiologists, anesthesiologists and surgeons in evaluation of unexplained sensory and motor loss after trauma and surgical interventions to the upper limb. The presence of anatomical variations is often used to explain unexpected clinical signs and symptoms and for differential diagnosis of uncommon clinical conditions. In this study Clinical consideration of the present variations has been discussed. The present variation should be considered in the etiology of PT syndrome.}, Keywords = {Cadaver; Median nerve; Pronator teres; Anatomical Variation}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {108-112}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.aums.2.2.108}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-99-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-99-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Jafari, F. and Azami, F.}, title = {Knowledge Regarding Symptoms and Risk Factors and Screening of Breast Cancer in Women Under 30 Years and Their Practice Relative to Self-Examination}, abstract ={Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women worldwide. In Iran, breast cancer ranks first among cancers diagnosed in women. Nevertheless, many of women haven’t enough knowledge about breast cancer risk factors and symptoms. The main reason for this escalating mortality is lack of awareness and late diagnosis of disease. The aim of present study assessed the knowledge about risk factors and symptoms of breast cancer, also the screening method and practice (Breast self examination) about it. Methods: This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. In this study 340 red crescent volunteer women participated in a national congress were selected with convenience sampling method. The data collection instrument consisted of a three part questionnaire which included demographic factors, Knowledge level about risk factors, symptoms and screening methods of breast cancer and questions concerning practice about breast self examination (BSE).The study tool was a researcher-designed questionnaire which could evaluated a number of variables. After data collection, analysis was carried out with descriptive tests by SPSS.16 software. Results: The mean age of subjects was 23±2.1yrs. Knowledge about breast cancer risk factors was very poor, the most widely known risk factor and lowest among the participants was family history of breast cancer (30.6 %) and early menarche (under 12 years) (0.3%) respectively. Only 47.9% respondents correctly recognized breast lump and 11.2% breast discharge as the most common symptoms of breast cancer.30% of subjects were aware of BSE. However, a lesser proportion (9.4%) was done BSE regular monthly every few months. Conclusion: Regarding the low level of the women’s knowledge about breast cancer especially in young educated women, screening and interventional programs to improve awareness and practice is essential.}, Keywords = {Breast cancer, Knowledge, Risk factors, Symptoms, Screening, Breast self- examination}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {121-127}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.aums.2.3.121}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-135-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-135-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Mahdizadeh, S. and Ghoddoosi, A. and S.A.Naji, S.A.}, title = {Investigation of Internal Tensions of Wives of Men Who Addicted to Heroin}, abstract ={Background: Addiction is one of the social bad phenomenon and because of family is the most vulnerable of social institution against to the adverse effects of addiction and due to head of family with drug addicts cannot perform his role as husband and father, important role of women in such families is double. Due to this group of women are the most vulnerable community groups and are at risk of serious damage to the system of family, present study describes the structure and nature of psychological problems who addict to heroin and deep understanding of the overall psychological problems. Methods: In this research was used from qualitative approaches (phenomenology). Sampling method is based on object and has been continued until data saturation. Participants were the wives of men who have been addicted to heroin .The women refer to Eynolhayat club - treatment center of addiction- in Khoy city during this research. Results: The extracted interviews were analyzed. Concepts of internal stresses associated with six subconcepts that were identified are as follow: shy, uncertain future, frustration, guard less, concern and confusion. Conclusion: This study suggests that the wives of men who addicted to heroin experience a range of psychological problems in various aspects of their life. They need psychological support and use from counseling of psychologists when faced with psychological problems. Because the women have an important role in shaping the family system, the practitioners with adequate knowledge of their spouse problems in relation to addiction husbands must support them. We can use from findings of this study to educate and raise awareness level of some organization (especially the anti-drug organization) and the nature of addiction to rise possibility comply with human psychosis problems and better support from them.}, Keywords = {Addiction, Wives, Husbands, Life experiences}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {128-138}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.aums.2.3.128}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-140-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-140-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Arabi, S. and Danesh, E. and Kakavand, A.R. and Saliminia, A.R. and Amirghafari, M.}, title = {Efficacy of Parent Management Training on Reducing Symptoms of External Disturbances in Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity}, abstract ={Background: The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the group program "parent management training" to reduce the symptoms of external disorders of children affected by attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: The method was semi-experimental design with pretest, posttest, control group, and follow-up was two months. Statistical population were all parents of children with ADHD in the Alborz province, who had referred from 2010 to clinic of childhood and adolescence disorders’ Dr. Maryam Dalili, and had records there. Among them 30 children aged 3-10 and their parents were selected by sampling and matched with regard to research criteria and were randomly divided into two groups of 15 people. Research tool was Rutter`s behavioral assessment questionnaire 1964 that was performed in both groups in pretest, posttest and follow-up. The Management training program for parents of Barkely 1987, included 9 session one-hour, once a week was presented to parents of experimental group, and the control group received no intervention. Data were analyzed by using one-way intra group covariance analysis. Results: Results showed that parents management training significantly has reduced the behavioral disorders symptoms and external signs including aggression, impulsivity, hyperactivity and anxiety in children with ADHA compared with the control group and pretest stage. Conclusion: Parent management training can be an effective method to treat the external symptoms of children with ADHA, and this method can be used in combination with other treatments that are performed about these children, such as drug therapy, behavioral therapy and so on.}, Keywords = {Attention deficit/hyperactivity, Symptoms, Parents, Training }, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {139-146}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.aums.2.3.139}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-141-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-141-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Rahmani, Z. and Gholami, M. and KhoshnevisZadeh, A. and RezayeeKalantari, R.}, title = {Investigation of Buin Zahra Drinking Water Resources Quality by Using of GWQI}, abstract ={Background: Groundwater is often withdrawn for agricultural, municipal and industrial use by constructing and operating extraction wells. Nowadays, The need for clean water is increasing due to population growth and accelerated industrialization. From the viewpoint of WHO, approximately 80% of all human diseases caused by water. Groundwater can be a safe water for many communities and for this reason may be polluted by many ways. Therefore, it seems essential the protection and monitoring of them. The main object of this study was investigation the quality of Buin Zahra drinking water resources using GWQI. Methods: The current study was developed based on multivariate analysis to determine a groundwater quality index (GWQI) with using 9 GWQI parameters with the aim of monitoring the buin Zahra city. Sampling was carried out from seven city (Ardaq, Avaj, Buin Zahra, Shaal, Abgarm, Segzabad and Dansfhan) and representative wells that had the highest discharge. These water resources were monitored seasonally for a period of six month (between May to September). Results: The proportion of observed concentrations to the maximum allowable concentration is calculated as normalized value of each parameter in observing wells. Final indices for each well are calculated considering weight of each parameter. The measurement of parameters were experimented as a duplicate. The results showed that the lower levels of fluoride and higher values of parameters such as turbidity, total hardness, and magnesium in the selected wells that also higher than maximum contamination level for drinking purposes, with considering the rate of groundwater quality index. Conclusion: In terms of GWQI, the quality index of Ardaq, Buin Zahra, Shaal, Segzabad and Dansfhan wells were good, on the other hand. water quality in Avaj and Abgarm wells were in very good condition.}, Keywords = {Groundwater, Water quality, Buin Zahra, Fluoride, Nitrate, coliform Bacilli, Phosphate}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {147-155}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.aums.2.3.147}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-142-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-142-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {MoamenHeravi, M. and Afzali, H. and Razaghi, R. and Vakili, Z.}, title = {Seroprevalence of HIV and Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Related Risk Factors Among Injection Drug Users in Kashan}, abstract ={Background: Drug injection is one of the most important risk factor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and viral hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The present study was performed to evaluate the seroprevalence of HBV and HIV infection among injecting drug users (IDUs) and to identify the related risk factors for these infections in this group. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was carried out on three hundred IDUs coming to MMT, DIC and behavior counseling centers in kashan in 2009. questionnaires consisting of demographic information and related risk factors of HBV, HIV infection were filled through interviews. After taking consent , 5 cc blood were obtained. HBV and HIV infection using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) were examined HIV positive cases were confirmed by western blot. Data analyzed using Spss (version 16). and K square and fisher exat test. Results: 288(96%) out of 300 IDUs, were male and 12(4%)were female. The majority of IDUs 127(42. 3%) were in 30-39 age group with mean age 34. 9±9. 7. (Min:17,Max 68). The majority of IDUs 224(74. 7%) had more than 10 years history of addiction .The age range of onset addiction was 15-20 year in the most of cases 134(44. 7%). The prevalence of HIV was 7(2. 3%), and HBsAg+2(0. 7%). There was no coinfection HIV and HBV. Conclusion: According to High risk behaviors in IDUs and identified HIV cases among them, periodic screening of IDU, HBV vaccination and treatment of addiction and development of MMT centers to prevent of these infections is recommended.}, Keywords = {Seroprevalence, risk factors, HIV, HBV}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {156-162}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.aums.2.3.156}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-143-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-143-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Mahmoodi, N. and Zareii, Kh. and Mohagheghi, P. and Eimani, M. and Rezaei-Pour, M.}, title = {Evaluation of the Effect of the Oral Motor Interventions on Reducing Hospital Stay in Preterm Infants}, abstract ={Background: Low birth weight is the most important cause of mortality in infancy which occurs due to the several reasons including the birth of a preterm (premature) baby. These infants need to be in hospital due to the undeveloped respiratory and digestive systems and coordination between different systems. Long stay in the hospital can be associated with complications and high cost of treatment, therefore, treatments that reduce the duration of stay in hospital can help the patient and the healthcare system. Methods: This study was conducted as clinical trial study through selecting both control and intervention groups. In this study, 20 cases (infants) were assigned to each group and intervention was performed using the PIOMI method. Results: The mean duration of stay in hospital in the both control and intervention groups were 19.4 (days) and 16.5 (days) respectively which showed a significant difference (P=0.027). results and Conclusion: Oral motor stimulation using PIOMI method is an effective help in earlier start of oral feeding, and reduction in the duration of stay in hospital. Therefore, this method can help the treatment of preterm infants and lower health care costs.}, Keywords = {Preterm infant, Oral motor stimulation, Hospitalization period}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {163-166}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.aums.2.3.163}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-144-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-144-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Dehghani, M.H. and Norozi, Z. and Nikfar, E. and Vosoghi, M. and Oskoei, V.}, title = {Investigation of Nano Alumina Efficiency for Removal of Acid Red 18 Dye from Aqueous Solutions}, abstract ={Background: Textile and dying industries are considered most important industries of each country. In these industries due to the use of different colors in different processes, their wastewater is highly colored and must be treated before discharge to the environment. The objective of this study was Investigation of nano alumina efficiency for removal of Acid Red 18 dye from aqueous solutions. Methods: This study was carried out in the laboratory scales. Synthetic solution was made from Acid Red 18 dye stock and effect of different parameters such as dye concentration, pH solution, nano alumina concentration and contact time on dye removal efficiency were evaluated. Also kinetic and isotherm models of adsorption process were evaluated. Results: Results from experiments showed that dye removal was increased with increasing contact time and nano alumina powder concentration, while decreased with increasing of pH and dye concentration. Experimental data were best fitted to Longmuir isotherm model (r2=0.994). The maximum adsorption capacity for Acid Red 18 was found 83.33 mg g-1. The results from kinetic studies showed that removal of Acid Red 18 was best described by pseudo-second order kinetic model (r2=0.999). Conclusion: The present study shows nano alumina powder is promising adsorbent for removal of Acid Red 18 from aqueous solution.}, Keywords = {Acid red -18, Nano alumina, Adsorption, kinetics }, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {167-174}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.aums.2.3.167}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-145-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-145-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Shoshtarizadeh, F. and Bahramian, F. and Safari, A.A. and Pourghaderi, M. and Barati, H.}, title = {Investigation of Prevalence of Energizer Drugs and Supplements Consumption and Effective Factors Among Bodybuilder Men in Karaj (2011)}, abstract ={Background: Body builder athletes’ high attention to form of body can result in high prevalence of nutritional disorders and habit to energizer drugs consumption. With notice to abuse problems of these drugs, this research was carried out to estimate prevalence of energizer drugs and supplements consumption in Karaj body builder men in 2011. Method: In cross-sectional (description- analytical) research 780 Karaj body builder men were selected randomly. Data were collected through interview with questionnaires containing demographic questions and using information of drugs. Data were analyzed with SPSS software (Ver. 19) and κ² test with meaningful level of P<0.05. Result: Prevalence of consumption in studied sample from different types of supplements and energizer drugs was estimated 88.2%. The most consumption prevalence belonged to food supplements and vitamins group and combination of those (69.9%). About anabolic and energizer compounds and also hormonal drugs and corticosteroids, prevalence was 5.6% and 2.1% respectively and 7.7% totally. There was meaningful relation between experience times of abuse problems, place of drug and supplement supply and attention to being permissible or impermissible of those items with type of drugs or supplement (P = 0.001). Also relation between consumption of supplements and drugs with main goal in using them was meaningful (P = 0.045). Conclusion: Consumption of supplement and energizer drugs in Karaj body builder men has high prevalence.}, Keywords = {Prevalence, drugs, Food supplement, athletes}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {175-182}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.aums.2.3.175}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-146-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-146-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Azizi, G. and Nasiri, M. and Sadria, R. and Javanbakht, MH. and Kalvandi, M. and Khannazer, N and Asghari, B.}, title = {Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Children and Adult by Serological Test and Stool Antigen Test}, abstract ={Background: Helicobacter pylori infection causes chronic gastritis that is related to duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, and possibly gastric adenocarcinoma. Noninvasive diagnostic tests consist of the urea breath test, serology, and stool antigen testing. Serodiagnosis of H.pylori infection is inaccurate for children. In order to investigate the immune response to H.pylori in children and adult, we compared anti-H pylori IgG and IgA antibodies with H. pylori antigen (HpSA) in the stool. Methods: Serum and stool samples were obtained from 218 children and adult patients with clinical symptom in the range of 4 to 77 years old. Paired results of H. pylori serology (IgG and IgA) and HpSA were analyzed by enzyme immunoassay methods. Results: There were 218 paired serology and HpSA results for 39 children (≤17 years) and 179 adult (≥18 years). The positivity rate of HpSA (45.8%) was significantly lower (P<0.001) than those for H. pylori IgG (54.6%) and IgA (28.9%). Moreover in child patients specificity for serological test IgG and IgA were higher than adult. Conclusion: In this study, HpSA was sensitive and specific as a clinical and epidemiological tool to evaluate H. pylori infection. IgG correlated better with HpSA than IgA, and also IgG was much more specific in children than adults confirm the fact that adults are more possible to have been exposed to H. pylori in the past. Using HpSA as the gold standard, we found that the performances of IgG and IgA serology tests differ significantly by age because immature immune response or tolerance to H. pylori is present in childhood and serodiagnosis of H. pylori infection is less useful. Hence, we recommend that laboratories reevaluate reference serologic titers based on age and further clinical correlation is needed to establish the optimal ranges.}, Keywords = {Helicobacter pylori, Serology tests, Sensitivity, Specificity, Peptic ulcer}, volume = {2}, Number = {4}, pages = {191-196}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.aums.2.4.191}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-136-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-136-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {TavakkoliTabassi, K. and Mohammadi, Sh. and Madani, A.}, title = {Investigation Patients with Urinary Stones from the Aspect of Epidemiologic Parameters Admitted at Urology Department of Imam Reza Hospital During Years 2005-2008}, abstract ={Background: Urolithiasis is one of the most frequent diseases of urinary system which forms high percentage of patients who come to Urology wards. Therefore, study of epidemiological characteristics of patients of each ward can be helpful for making the best general decision. Methods: First, we devided 5133 cases who had come to Urology department of imam Reza hospital of mashhad during 2005-2008, in 2 groups and then in 6 groups. We investigated and compared 2 groups of lithotripsy and surgery from the aspect of epidemiological characteristics. So, we did for 6 groups: pyelolithotomy and nephrolithotomy, ureterolithotomy, ureteroscopy and TUL, PNL, ESWL, cystolitholapaxy. Results: From 5133 cases, mean age of 43.41, men to female ratio 2.1, 90.1% had done lithotripsy and 9.2% surgery. Percentage of patients of pyelolithotomy and nephrolithotomy was 3.5% ureterolithotomy 0.8%, ureteroscopy and TUL39.5%, PNL 4.9%, ESWL 49.5%, cystolitholapaxy 1.9%. Mean stay in hospital for 1.31±0.19 and for surgery 4.84±0.16, in ESWL 0.81±0.25 and in pyelolithotomy and nephrolithotomy 5.09±0.17 days. During years 2005-2008 percentage of ESWL was : 59.9, 51.4 & 38.4% of all admissions in these years. PNLs percentage was: 3.8, 5.51, 5.53%. Choosing of PNL in urban people was highest (84.5%) and for rural people pyelolithotomy and nephrolithotomy is the most technique in use. Conclusion: Despite of other advanced countries high percentage of our patients undergo open surgery especially in rural people, yet. So, we should provide facilities of education and financials for modern and lower costs of urinary tract stone treatments.}, Keywords = {Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy, Nephrolithotomy, Pyelolithotomy, Urinary stones}, volume = {2}, Number = {4}, pages = {197-204}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.aums.2.4.197}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-147-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-147-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Amini, N. and Salehinia, H. and Asfeia, A. and Amini, M.}, title = {The Comparing of Psychological Status of Active and Inactive Relief Workers in Traffic Accident in Red Cross of Karaj Township in 1391}, abstract ={Background: Traffic accidents are major result of death and disability that their victims need relief Relief worker who do this, are at risk of psychological disorder because of Overwhelming accident and rescue work-related stress .It is necessary to be evaluated their psychological status for giving them psychological support. This study was conducted to compare the mental state in active and inactive relief workers in traffic accident in Karaj red cross in1391. Methods: This descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study was done among both of active and inactive relief worker in traffic accident in Karaj red cross. Data collection tool were demographic questionnaire and Standard questionnaire for measuring depression, anxiety and stress. Collected data was analysed by SPSS16. Results: Result showed that there is no significant difference between mean of depression, stress and anxiety score in both of them(P>0.05), also there is no significant relationship between psychological status with age, educational level, work backward and marital status but stress and marital status in inactive group was significant(P<0.05). Conclusion: It appears besides traffic accident relief worker, inactive relief worker need more attention and scale up psychological support programs and psychological disorder screening. Also it is proposed to do similar study in larger scale.}, Keywords = {Anxiety, Accidents, Depression, Physiological, Red cross, Stress, Traffic}, volume = {2}, Number = {4}, pages = {205-210}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.aums.2.4.205}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-148-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-148-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Kabir, K. and Tizvir, A. and Hadian, S. and Moslemkhani, Z.}, title = {A Survey on the Relation between the Rate of Watching and Playing Computer Game and Weight Disorder Regarding first Grade Students in Elementary School in Karaj in 2012}, abstract ={Background: Life style changes have been considered in different ways in urban communities. Apartment housing, lack of physical activities, both parents being employed, entertainment devices relying on monitor display screens being within reach, leads our children to a sedentary life style. Obesity is just one of the side effects of this kind of living while children's confrontation with computer is decreasing to a lower age. There have been lots of surveys related to the duration of time spending on these entertainments with high school students but no research have been carried out on elementary school students in Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried on a sample of 450 male and female students attending the assessment center to register in the first grade in Karaj city. Results & conclusion: Therefore, in this survey, the average time new comers spent in front of a monitor screen was taken into account .The result showed that some part of child's daily activities was allocated to electronic devices having a monitor screen. Our findings showed that the allocated time for watching TV was 2.6 hours per day, for satellite programs: 0.49 hours per day, for Computer operating: 0.9 hours per day, Computer games: 0.38, and play station: 0.14hours per day and in total they used electronic devices 4.6 hour per day. Moreover, in this study, the BMI of each case has been calculated and the spread rate of weigh disorders was studied. About the weight disorders, we found that 15.8 % of students in this survey were low weight, 69.8 % were in normal ranges, 8.9 % were overweight and 5.4% were obese. In this survey, the relation between weight disorder and the rate of using electronic monitor screens was also studied. however, we couldn’t find any relevance between the two variables, probably the weight disorders must be affected by many other factors. We considered demographic variables as well as other variables which may affect weight disorder.}, Keywords = {Body Mass Index (BMI), Computer game, Obesity, Television, Body weight changes}, volume = {2}, Number = {4}, pages = {211-216}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.aums.2.4.211}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-149-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-149-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Siavoshi, S. and Roshandel, M. and Zareyan, A. and Ettefagh, L.}, title = {The Effect of Cardiac Rehabilitation Care Plan on Quality of Life in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery}, abstract ={Introduction: Today, coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) in many patients to treat complications of the disease is common. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of cardiac rehabilitation on quality of life in patients undergoing CABG was performed. Materials and Methods: In this study, a quasi-experimental (clinical trial) study of 50 patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery procedure based on objective and applying the criteria for inclusion of patients (community access) selected. Rehabilitation program was conducted for 24 sessions. for evaluate of demographic data and quality of life, demographic and questionnaires was used. For analysis of data chi-square test and RMANOVA tests was conducted. Results: Results showed that participants in terms of demographic variables were not significantly different from each other. The results also vary between the different stages of research in physical function, role physical (physical limitations, bodily pain, general health, role emotional (emotional limitations), mental health, physical health components and quality of life were significant differences. Conclusion: The results of this research, cardiac rehabilitation intervention is indicated on life quality improvement. Therefore attentive to the issue of cardiac rehabilitation is necessary.}, Keywords = {Cardiac rehabilitation, Coronary artery bypass graft, Quality of Life, SF-36}, volume = {2}, Number = {4}, pages = {217-226}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.aums.2.4.217}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-150-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-150-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Bakhsha, F. and Rezaeyan, M. and Aryaie, M. and Jafari, S.Y. and Alehevaze, M.}, title = {The Association of Causes of Reference and Selected Characteristics of Students who Attained to Golestan Medical University Counseling Center 2008-2009}, abstract ={Background and Objective: Students are under pressure and stress because of their status in the society. So the university’s student counseling agent is offering consultative services in order to help and guide the students in solving problems and improve their compatibility. The objective of the current study was to investigate the student’s referral proof to the Golestan university of medical sciences’counseling agent. Materials and Methods: In this cross- sectional study conducted in 2008-2009,On, via census sampling, 345 students of various fields, who referred to the counseling agent. Gathering data’s methods were based on questionnaire that is designed based on Health Ministry’s counseling agent’s goals. Data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software and descriptive statistics and chi square test and ANOVA with significance level of 0.05. Results: Referred student’s reference’s abundance to the counseling agent in the years 2008-2009 showed that from the whole 345 referred people the highest number of referrals by order were: 154 people (44.6%) because of mental problems, 66 people (19.1%) because of marriage problems, 45 people (13%) because of educating problems, 39 people (11.3%) because of communicating problems, 29 people(8.4%) because of suicide problems and 12 people (3.5%) were because of other factors. Conclusion: This article’s results are showing mental, emotional, educating, behaving, cognitive and family problems and also the student’s marriage’s problems. Cognition, diagnosis, adjustment and early removal of failures, abnormalities and possible disorders confirm mental caring systems expanding importance and supportive cures.}, Keywords = {Students, Consultation }, volume = {2}, Number = {4}, pages = {227-236}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.aums.2.4.227}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-151-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-151-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Daraei, H. and Daraei, F.}, title = {Kinetic Study of Phenol Sorption by Eggshell Wastes in Batch System}, abstract ={Background & Objectives: Phenol is one of the hazardous pollutants in industrials effluent. This pollutant is very toxic to human and the environment. The purpose of this study was investigation of phenol adsorption capacity with egg shell waste from aqueous solution. Methods: The eggshells were dried at 70◦C and for 12 hr in oven and then shells were crushed. The surface characteristics and quantitative elemental information were studied with SEM and XRF analysis. Then the Freundlich and Longmuir adsorption isotherms and Kinetic models were applied to description of the experimental data. Results: The maximum adsorption took place in first 60min of reaction and at pH 9. With increasing the temperature the pollutant adsorption was decreased. Also absorption characteristics of this pollutant on eggshell accommodated with Freundlich isotherm (R2=0.996). Phenol removal kinetics were fitted with both pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order kinetic models. Conclusion: The presented results demonstrate clearly that eggshell is a potentially useful material to be used for the removal of phenol from aqueous solution and industrial wastewater.}, Keywords = {Eggshell, Isotherm, Kinetic, Phenol }, volume = {2}, Number = {4}, pages = {237-244}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.aums.2.4.237}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-152-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-152-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {MosaviFard, A. and Zarei, F.}, title = {Assessment of Muscle Skeletal Disorders and Analyze Working Posture of Karaj Medical Science School\'s Staffs with RULA Method by Using ErgoIntelligence-UEA Software and Nordic Standard Questionnaire}, abstract ={Background: Man power is the important asset of every organization. So each employee's health has a direct effect on the organization's performance. because of work station and good working posture are more important in occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders and increase productivity and promote human health, This study has been surveyed working posture related with sitting posture of Karaj medical science school's staffs. Materials and Methods: This study performed on all staff of Karaj medical science school (36). The muscle skeletal disorder and Grade of unsafe working posture calculated with Nordic standard questionnaire and using ErgoIntelligence–UEA software and RULA standard method in every workstation. Using this software instead of pen-paper method lead to saving time and reduce error user. Data analyzed by spss16 software with t-test, ANOVA, Person & Kendall correlation coefficient. Results: Most of the disorders were knee with %67 back with %58 and neck with %53. There was a significant relationship between age and musculoskeletal disorders but there was no significant relationship between other parameters. Scale of every job was 5-7 and risk level in every job was 3 except secretariat that was 4. Conclusion: This study show that there was not acceptable working posture between the jobs and may be regarding the young age of staffs have not seen any musculoskeletal problems present at the time however it can make main problem for staffs in the future.}, Keywords = {Posture assessment, ErgoIntelligence- UEA software, RULA, Nordic questionnaire}, volume = {2}, Number = {4}, pages = {245-250}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.aums.2.4.245}, url = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-153-en.html}, eprint = {http://aums.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-153-en.pdf}, journal = {Alborz University Medical Journal}, issn = {2322-3839}, eissn = {2588-3046}, year = {2013} }