Background: Self-medication is as a social economic hygienic inVarious communities, including Iran, with 83/3 percent.

The attention to self-medicate in women who take care of children is great importance . This study aimed to assess the knowledge and factors associated with Self Medication behavior of mothers of children under two years have referred to health centers Firoozkooh citybased on the health belief model

Methods: This study is a descriptive - analytical study that done On mothers with children under two years of age. Sampling was randomly among mothers who were referred to health centers city Firoozkooh. Data were collected by self designed questionnaire based on HBM that process had passed their validity and reliability. Data analysis using SPSS version 16 and descriptive statistics and analysis.

Results: The findings showed that54/4% of mothers had done self-medication behavior and there was a significant negative relationship between knowledge, perceived susceptibility and self-efficacy with self-medication behavior and a significant positive relationship Between perceived barriers with self-medication also Also there was a significant differences between mean knowledge, perceived susceptibility, severity, perceived barriers and self-efficacy in mothers with and without self-medication behavior(P <0/05).

Conclusion: HBM has acceptable performance for determine the factors associated in self-medication behavior It can be concluded any time mothers with children under two years have sufficient knowledge about the correct consumption of drugs and perceivedthhat their child is susceptible to damage their own behavior And taken seriously damage As well as have enough from lower barriers and self-efficacy in correct use of medication will be reduced self-medication behavior in them.